s'/fsfgL

æ;a} s';+:sf/ / k/Dk/fnfO{ TofUg l9nf] ug{ x'GgÆ

nIdL e§/fO{
gf/L sNof0f Psn dlxnf k}/jL d~r u}+8fsf]6, clk|n !%, @))%

-@)^! ;fnsf] kmfu'g dlxgf g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ dlxgf aGg k'Uof] . ;dfhdf ljwjf dlxnfx?k|lt ul/g] /+ue]bL k/Dk/f lj?4 ;+ul7t eP/ cleofg g} ;+rfng u/] dlxnfx?n] . >Ldfg\sf] d[To'kZrft dlxnfx?n] /ftf] /ª nufpg} x'Fb}g eGg] nfdf] ;fdflhs k/Dk/flj?4 yflnPsf] cleofgn] rf/}lt/af6 :ofaf;L kfof] . gjnk/f;Lsf] u}+8fsf]6af6 z'? ul/Psf] cleofg xhf/f}+ ljwjf dlxnfx?nfO{ /ftf] cla/ / km"ndfnf klx/fpFb} bfª cfOk'u]sf] lyof] . cleofgsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ bfª cfOk'Ug'ePsL gf/L sNof0f Psn dlxnf k}/jL d~r u}+8fsf]6-$ gjnk/f;LsL cWoIf nIdL e§/fO{;Fu nIdL cfrfo{n] g]kfnLkf]i6sf nflu u/]sf] s'/fsfgL ._

| tkfO{+x?n] z'? ug'{ePsf] cleofgn] /fli6"o cGt/f{li6"o:t/df lgs} rrf{ kfof]. s:tf] nflu/x]5 <
Ü lgs} /fd|f] nflu/x]5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ yk pT;fx k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;n] e]befjhGo k/Dk/fx? tf]8]/ kl/jt{gsf sbdx? p7fpFbf ;dfhdf nfG5gf dfq} xf]Og Tof] eGbf s}of}+ u'0ff a9L ;Ddfg / ;dy{g kfOg] /x]5 eGg] ultnf] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

| tkfO{+df slxn] / s;/L of] ;f]+r cfof] t <
Ü d df kfFr jif{ cufl8b]lv of] ;f]+r cfPsf] xf] . z'?df b'O{hgf ;fyLjLr of] s'/f u/]+ . ;fyLx?n] ltdLdf To:tf] O{R5f 5 eg] clncln /ftf] n'uf nufO{ x]/ g t eg] . t/ ddf lxDdt cfPg . PSnf] dfG5] s;}n] klg s'/f ;'lglbPg eg] cK7]/f] knf{ eGg] 8/ lyof] . t/ dleq d dfq} xf]Og d h:tf ;a} lbbLalxgLx?sf] vflt/ ;dfh g} kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ eGg] c7f]6n]] hGd lnO;s]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 xfdL ldn]/ Psn dlxnf lbbLjlxgLx?;Fu 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd u¥of}+ . w]/}sf efjgfx? ldn] . kmfu'g * ut]sf] cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf ;sf/fTds s'/f cfPkl5 To;sf] !% lbgkl5 Psn dlxnf clegGbg sfo{qmd u¥of}+ . xfdLn] kfPsf] ;dy{gsf cufl8 xfd|f sbd lj?4sf] cfjfh l6Sg ;s]g . u}+8fsf]6kl5 lrtjg g]kfnu~h x'Fb} tkfO{+x?sf ;fd' bfª cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .

| clnslt cfˆgf] af/]df atfOlbg';\ g <
Ü dlxnfx?nfO{ >Ldfg\ ljTg]lalQs} ;dfhdf h'g Jojxf/ ul/G5 To;n] pgLx?df s:tf] k|efj kf5{ Tof] t zfob elg/xg gknf{ . >Ldfg\ u'd]kl5 sdhf]/ ePsf] dgdfly ;dfhsf] /+ue]bL k/Dk/fn] t dlxnfx?nfO{ lgs} sdhf]/ agfpg] /x]5 . !( jif{s} pd]/df ljwjf ePsLn] x/]s ljwjf dlxnfx?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ lgoltn] dnfO{ klg sxfF 5f8\Yof] / < cw{r]t cj:yfd} tL ;a} k/Dk/fx? lgefPF . clxn] t >Ldfg\ lat]sf] klg P3f/ jif{ eO;Sof] .

| clg clwsf/sf] af/]df slxn]b]lv ;r]t x'g'eof] t <
Ü hLjg lhpg] qmddf ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'Fb} hfFbf aNn clwsf/ s] xf] eGg] s'/f dx;'; eof] . ;dfhdf ljwjf dlxnfnfO{ ul/g] Jojxf/, z'esfo{df ul/g] ckdfg cflb b]Vbf / ef]Ubf 56\k6L x'GYof] . log} Jojxf/n] g} dnfO{ otflt/ cfpg k|]l/t ul//x] .

| tkfO{+x? /ªs} nflu oqf] ;+3if{ ul//xg' efÚ5 . /ª g} olt dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] / <
Ü c?sf] nflu gxf]nf . t/ cfˆgf] nflu t ToxL s'/f 7"nf] eOlbof] . of] /ªn] cfTdljZjf; a9fOlbG5 . ;dfhn] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f jbNg w]/} d2t k'¥ofpF5 h:tf] nfU5 . kl/jt{gsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf] g} of] /ªe]bL k/Dk/fsf] cGTo ug'{ xf] h:tf] nfU5 .

| lhNnfdf Psn dlxnfx? ;+ul7t x'g'efÚ5 <
Ü clxn] t xfdL e/v/ z'?jftdf 5f}+ . ub}{hfFbf l;lsg] /x]5 . ca Psn dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ ;f]+r agfPsf 5f}+ . o;} l;nl;nfdf s;/L cl3 a9\g] eGg] ljifod} s]lGb|t eP/ xfdL of] cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0fdf lg:s]sf xf}++ .

| k|;+u abnf}+- cem} klg dlxnfx? x/]s If]qdf k5fl8 5g\ . o;f] x'g'df s] sf/0f xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 <
Ü xfd|+f] ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / lgod sfg"g g} To:t} 5g\ . ;fg}b]lv 5f]/f5f]/Lk|lt ul/g] Jojxf/ g} c;dfg 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ csf{sf] gf;f]sf] ?kdf x'sf{OG5 eg] 5f]/fnfO{ 3/kl/jf/ / s'ns} la+8f] yfDg] vDafsf] ?kdf . vfg]nfpg]b]lv k9\g]n]Vg] ;a} cj;/df 5f]/LnfO{ bf];|f] gDa/d} /flvG5 . Pp6} kl/jf/df hlGdPsf ;Gtfgsf] pxL kl/jf/df ;dfg clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ clwsf/sf s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] k}t[s ;DkQLdf 5f]/Lsf] clwsf/ g} 5}g eg] klg x'G5 . oL ;a} c;dfg Jojxf/sf jfjh"b dlxnfx? cl3 a9\g rfx] eg] klg ;dfhsf] 8/ b]vfP/ pgLx?nfO{ ql;t agfOG5 . dlxnfx? kl5 kg'{df o:t} c;dfg Jojxf/ lhDd]jf/ 5g\ h:tf] nfU5 .

| oL c;dfgtfx? x6fpg s] ug'{knf{ <
Ü klxnf] ;dy{g t kl/jf/s} rflxG5 . olb kl/jf/leqaf6 la/f]w geP/ ;fy kfpg] xf] eg] dlxnfx? w]/} cufl8 cfpg ;S5g\ . kl/jf/n] la/f]w u/] ;dfhn] s;/L :jLsfnf{ < ;a}n] of] s'/f a'em\g' h?/L 5 kl/jf/ kl/jf/ ldn]/ g} ;dfh aGg] xf] .
| xfdL b]V5f}+ Pp6f kl/jf/leq dlxnf-dlxnfjLr lgs} s6'tf x'G5 . ;f;"a'xf/L gGbcfdfh"sf jLr x'g] dgd'6fj t xfd|f] ;dfhdf …/]l8d]8 k|m]dÚ sf]

?kdf tof/ 5 . dlxnf-dlxnfjLr Pstf gx'g'sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <
Ü r]tgfsf] :t/ gldNbf g} oL ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf x'g\ . ef]ln uP/ oL ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg x'G5g\ .

| cGTodf ,s]xL ;Gb]z lbg rfxg'x'G5 <
Ü ;j{k|yd t d tkfO{+nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' d]/f efjgfx?nfO{ ldl8of dfkm{t JoQm ug]{ cj;/ lbg'ePsf]df . ;do kl/jt{gzLn 5 . abln+bf] ;donfO{ a'em]/ g} xfdLn] xfd|f sbdx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' k5{ . Pstf g} o:tf] zlQm xf] h;n] r'gf}tLk"0f{ nfUg] sfdx? klg ;xh} ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{ s'/f dlxnf-dlxnfsf aLrdf g} e]befj 5 eg] xfdL s;/L cufl8 a9\g ;S5f}+ < /+ue]b lj?4 t xfdLx? nflu;Sof}+ . t/ /ftf] nufpFb}df r"k nfu]/ a:g] xf]Og . xfdLn] xfd|f] ;du| ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]Ng afws aGg] tL ;a} s";+:sf/ / k/Dk/fnfO{ TofUg ca l9nf] ug{ x'Gg . x/]s cfdfn] 5f]/Lsf] kL8f a'em]h:t} ;f;"n] klg a'xf/Lsf] kL8f a'em]/ ;fy lbg'kb{5 . xfdLn] Pscsf{sf] ;fy lbg ;Sof}+ eg] xfdL dlxnf eg]/ v'lDrg' kg]{ cyjf xfdLn] ug{ g;Sg] s'g} sfd 5}g .

/fhfnfO{ ;don] /fli6|o / cGt/f{li6|o Gofonosf] s73/fdf pEofpg] 5

s[i0f yfkf
k"j{ d]o/, kf]v/f pk dxfgu/kflnsf, km]j|'j/L !@, @))%

-g]kfnsf] ;'Gb/ gu/L kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k"j{ d]o/ s[i0f yfkf clxn] cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] ck|hftflGqs zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] bf];|f] lbg g]kfn 5f8\g'ePsf yfkf kfl/jfl/s e]63f6sf] nflu b'O{ dlxgf nfdf] cd]l/sf a;fO{sf] of]hgf agfP/ cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ b]zdf /fhfsf] sbdkl5 pTkGg ljz]if kl/l:yltdf pxfF cd]l/sf a;fO{nfO{ b'O{ ;ftfdf 6'+UofP/ g]kfn kms{b}+ x'g'x'G5 .

k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] kIfdf @)#^ ;fnb]lv ;lqmo yfkfnfO{ jt{dfg cj:yfdf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;/sf/n] wdfwd lx/f;tdf lnO/x]sf] a]nf lsg cfkm\gf] a;fO{ 5f]6\ofP/ kms{g nfUg'ePsf] eGg] g]kfnL kf]i6sf] k|Zgdf pxfF eGg'x'G5, æk|hftGq k|flKtsf] n8fOFdf w]/}k6s u/]/ nfdf] ;dosf] h]n hLjg ljtfO;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] clxn] klg d k|hftGqsf] ckx/0fsf lj?4 r'k nfu]/ jf n's]/ a:g ;lSbg .Æ g]skf -Pdfn]_sf sfo{stf{ /xg'ePsf k"j{ d]o/ yfkfn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/+fz ._

g]kfnL kf]i6 M /fhfsf] sbdnfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <
yfkf M cfhsf] o'udf /fhfsf] sbd cToGt} 3[l0ft 5 . of] sbdn] g]kfnLdf /fhfk|ltsf] >4f 36fPsf] 5 . of] k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] 3f]/ ckdfg xf] .

/fhfsf] t /fhgLlts kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfc?sf] u}/ lhDd]jf/L / c;kmntfsf sf/0f afWo eP/ of] sbd rfNg'k/]sf] bfjL 5 lg <
k|hftGq k'g:yfkgfkl5 b]zdf s]xL gePsf] xf]Og . s]xL g]tfdf sdL sdhf]/L ePs} eP klg s]xL x'Fb} gePsf] jf ;a} v/fj ePsf] s'/f unt xf] . of] aLrdf ePsf /fd|f] s'/fsf] k|rf/ ePg . ax'bnLo k|hftGq / g]tfx?nfO{ ab\gfd ug]{ >[+vnfa4 if8oGqdf ;a}nfO{ ab\gfd u/fpg vf]lhof] .

ca b]zdf s] x'G5 eGg] nfU5 tkfO{+nfO{ <
of] Psbd} gfnfos sbd xf] . of] o'u ;'xfpFbf] s'/f x'Fb} x}g . of] k|hftGq df:g] if8oGq ePsfn] hlt bdg u/] klg w/} lbg l6Sb}g . b]zdf ca s'g} æaxfb'/Æ n] d dfq}n] s]xL u5'{ eGg' ;+ej s'/f klg xf]Og .

s] b]zdf /fhfn] o:tf] sbd rfN5g\ eGg] s'g} z+sf lyof] <
b/jfl/ofx?sf] cleJolQmn] s]xL g s]xL t x'G5 t/ o:t} xf]nf eGg] nfu]sf] lyPg . /fhfn] cft+ssf/L s[ofsnfk lgoGq0f / zflGt :yfkgfsf] d'2fnfO{ 9fn agfP/ emg} 7"nf] cft+s / czflGt ;[hgf u/] . /fhfsf] 3f]if0ffsf] ;"rgf cfPkl5 r}+ s]xL æclgi6Æ x'g] cg'dfgn] jftj/0f eolet eO;s]sf] lyof] .

/fhfsf] 3f]if0ffkl5sf] l:ylt s:tf] lyof] <
hghLjgdf eo, qf; / cGof]n 5fof] . ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff;Fu} æskm\{o"Æsf] xNnf rNof] . /fhfsf] efif0f g;lsb} ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/ ;'ljwf -6]lnkmf]g_ sfl6of] . ;~rf/dfWod kqklqsf / PkmPd df k|ltaGw nufOof] . /fhwfgL cfpg] sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf a;x? yfgsf]6af6 kmsf{OP . cGt/f{li6|o ;a} p8fg /f]lsof] . htftt} ;]gf k|x/L t}gfy eP g]tfx?nfO{ 3/df gh/aGb jf lu/km\tf/ ug{ yflnof] . Ps k|sf/sf] eofeo, lg/+s'z / :j]R5frf/L zf;g Joj:yfsf] cEof; z'? eof] .
kf]v/fdf SofDk; leq ;]gfn] Jof/]saf6} xjfO{ kmfo/ u/\of] . ToxfFaf6 # ;o hlt ljBfyL{ kqmfp k/] eg] @) hgf 3fOt]x? 5g\ . 3fOt]nfO{ c:ktfn gnuL d]N6|L SofDk nluof] . clxn];Dd kqmfp k/]sf] xHhf/f}+sf] l:ylt c1ft 5 .

ca s] x'g'k5{ eGg] nfU5 <
ca ;Dk"0f{ k|tfGqjfbL Ps eP/ vf]l;Psf] k|hftGqk|flKtsf] nflu OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s nfUg'k5{ . ljutdf s]xL sdhf]/L s;}af6 ePsf] 5 eg] To;df Ifdfofrgf ub}{ hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg'k5{ .

/fhfn] ax'bnjfbL g]tfx? e|i6 ePsf] / b]zdf zflGt sfod ug'{;§f cfk;L :jfy{df nfu]sf] cf/f]k nufO/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;+efjgf slt b]Vg'x'G5 <
/fhfsf] cf/f]k t k|hftGqlj?4sf] ;'lgof]lht if8oGqsf] >[+vnf dfq xf] . g]kfndf ;a} eGbf e|i6 / if8oGqsf/L JolQm g} /fhf x'g\ . pgL Jofkf/L klg x'g\ . cfkm\gf] eQf jif}{lkR5] a9fpF5g\, s/ ltb}{gg\ . /fhfsf] ;DklQ b]zsf] x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ cfkm\gf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs klg ub}{gg\ .
/fhfn] lnPsf kl5Nnf æ:jR5 5jLÆ x? ;a}h;f] k"j{ k~r, k|zf;s jf e|i6x? g} 5g\ . kf6L{af6, hgtfaf6 sf/jfxLdf k/]sf hgtfaf6 kmflnPsf, e|i6rf/ / g}ltstfsf] k|Zg p7fOPsf, aof]j[4 jf bfFt km'Sn]sf / cjsf; hLjg latfPsfx?af6 /fhfn] s'g} rdTsf/sf] ;kgf b]Vg' pgsf] dxTjfsf+IfL t/ c;kmn d[ut[i0ff h:t} xf] . To;}n] clxn]sf] of] if8oGqsf] rfF8} kbf{kmf; x'G5 . hgtfnfO{ s]xL ;do cndndf kf/]/ klg /fhfn] ;dosf] ult /f]Sg ;Sb}gg\ . k|hftGqsf] lj?4 / dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf] ck/fwdf /fhfnfO{ ;don] /fli6|o / cGt/f{li6|o Gofonosf] s73/fdf pEofpg] 5 .

cGt/f{li6|o If]qaf6 s:tf] e"ldsf ck]Iff ug'{x'G5 oxfFx?n] <
b]zdf hgtfsf] jf:tljs zf;g Joj:yf k|hftGq xf] . k|hftGq :yfkgfsf] nflu cGt/f{li6|o cfjfhn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . o;sf nflu xfdL ;a};Fu ;xof]usf] ck]Iff / cfXjfg u5f}{+ . @)$^ ;fnsf] h:tf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ;Demf}tf ca x'g'x'Gg . ca lg/+s'ztfsf] h/} pv]Ngsf nflu jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ . k|hftGqdf hgtfsf] hLjgz}nL / ljsf; s:tf] / s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f b]v]sf a'em]sf ljb]zdf a;]sf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL / g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{x?n] g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yfkgfsf nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f agfpg] k|of; u'g{'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .

;+;bjfbL zlQmx? / xfd|f] kf6L{aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5

s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, k|jQmf -g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
* km]a|'c/L @))%

df3 !( ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffnfO{ oxfFx?sf] kf6L{n] s;/L lnPsf] 5 < of] 36gf tkfO{x?sf nflu cfsl:ds jf ck|Tofl;t s] lyof] <
df3 !( ut]sf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtflj?4 ul/Psf] if8\oGq xf] . of] if8oGq s'g} gf}nf], cfsl:ds / ck|Tofl;t xf] eGg] xfdLn] 7fg]sf 5}gf}+ . ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf] cf8df …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| tyf zfxL ;]gfsf pRrkb:y lu/f]xn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf lj?4 w]/} klxn]b]lv ljz]if u/]/ s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv ub}{ cfPsf] if8\oGqsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] kl5Nnf] s8L of] 36gf klg xf] . 1fg]Gb| lu/f]xsf] of] ;Dejt clGtd if8\oGq xf] . hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] gh/af6 of] 36gfnfO{ x]bf{ 1fg]Gb|sf] of] sbdn] hgo'4sf] ljsf;sf] pTsif{tfnfO{ g} k|dfl0t ul//x]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] d[To'k"j{ b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];fdf cfˆgf] Ifl0fs cfo' nDAofpg] if8\oGq afx]s c? s'g} cy{ o;af6 nfUb}g .

!( ut]sf] zfxL sbdn] tkfO{+x?n] z'? u/]sf] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ c;/ kf/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
o; 36gfn] xfd|f] of]hgf j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL lyof] eGg] dfq} k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . hgo'4sf] lg/Gt/ ljsf;n] k'/fgf] ;QfnfO{ lj36gsf] ;+3f/df k'¥ofPsf] s'/f ;a}sf cufl8 5n{ª\u 5 . df3 !( sf] 36gf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] clGtd if8\oGq xf] eGg] s'/f dfly g} elgof] . o; 36gfn] xfd|f] /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgfnfO{ cem} k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ;DkGg ug{ gsf/fTds ?kn] k|]l/t u/]sf] xfdLn] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+ .

o; ;Gbe{df ca k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf s;/L cufl8 a9\5 t < cGo ;ª\3if{sf eflj ?k/]vf s:tf] x'g]5 <
df3 !( ut]sf] 36gfkl5 l:yltdf gofFkg cfPsf] lglZrt} 5 . lqkIfLo ;ª\3if{sf] ?k ca b'O{kIFLo ;ª\3if{sf ?kdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . …/fhfÚsf] k|ltudgsf lj?4 ;fdfGo ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx?, gful/s ;dfh / hgtfsf] cGo tKsfx? …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj?4 gofF ;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g] l:ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ;+;bjfbL zlQmx? / xfd|f] kf6L{aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] j:t'ut cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df d xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ut s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] j}7sn] to u/]sf] k|Tofqmd0fsf] of]hgf cem} k|efjsf/L agfpFb}, cem 1fg]Gb| u'6sf] lg/ª\s'ztfsf lj/f]wL ;a} zlQmx?;Fu ;+o'Qm df]rf{ / ;+o'Qm ;ª\3if{sf] sfo{qmd to u/L cl3 a9fOg] 5 . o;sf nflu /fli6"o / cGt/f{li6"o ?kdf ;Dej ;j} zlQmx?;Fu gofF cfwf/df ;xsfo{ ul/g] 5 .

o:tf] ;xsfo{sf nflu tfTsflns sfo{gLlt s] x'g ;S5 <
s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} gofF /fhg}lts l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ xfdLn] k/Dk/fut /fhtGqsf] cGTo ePsf] / u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; u/f}+ eGg] sfo{g}lts gf/f cufl8 ;f/]sf lyof}+ . To; nuQ} pQm nIonfO{ Pp6f k|hftflGqs k4lt ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t km};nf ug]{ /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ xfdLn] /fVb} cfof}+ . …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/Gt/ if8\oGqsf/L sbdx?nfO{ a'em]/ /fhg}lts bnx?;Fu ;xsfo{sf] k|:tfj /fVb} / s]xL xb;Dd ub]{ klg cfof}+ . /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cfTdut l:ylt tyf sltko c:k6tfnfO{ ;d]t JofVof ub]{ xfdLn] ut jif{b]lv g} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fhg}lts sfo{gLlt / To; k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg] s'/fnfO{ lnO cfPsf 5f}+ . cfh of] /fhg}lts sfo{gLlt ;a}sf] nflu 5n{ª\u x'g] u/L j:t'ut oyfy{tf / cfjZostf eO;s]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . xfdL oxL /fhg}lts sfo{lbzfsf] cfwf/df ;a} zlQmx?;Fu ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] k|:tfj /fVb5f}+ . oxL /fhg}lts gf/fnfO{ cfh ;a}sf] ;femf gf/f agfpg' kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

t/ /fhfÚ sf] zfxL 3f]if0ffsf kIfdf jsfnt ul//x]sf s]xL JolQmx?n] )!& ;fndf /fhfsf] sbdsf] lj/f]w ug]{x?nfO{ bdg u/]/} #) jif{;Dd k~rfotL Joj:yf l6sfP em}+ clxn] klg k]n]/} /fhfsf] sbd cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 eGb}5g lg <
xfdL clxn] )!& ;fndf xf]Og, )^! ;fndf 5f}+ . )^! ;fnsf] l:ylt eg]sf] ;"rgf k|ljlw gofF 7fpFdf 5, hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/ cem dfly 5 / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f] eg]sf] t ljut ( jif{b]lv z'? ePsf] dxfg\ hgo'4 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] o'4 /0fg}lts k|Tofqmd0fdf p7]sf] clxn]sf] l:yltdf bdgaf6 kmf;Ljfb nfb\g vf]Hg' eGbf 7"nf] d"v{tf c? s]xL x'g] 5}g .
ptf cfh ljZjd} klg /fhg}lts w|'jLs/0f tLa| alg/x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfb ;ª\s6df km:b} 5 / qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? alnof] aGb}5g\ . of] l:yltdf )!& ;fndf em}+ k]n]/} kmf;LjfbL sbd cl3 a9fpg vf]Hg' cfˆg} cfo' 5f]6\ofpg' dfq xf] .

gofF kl/l:yltn] u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj tkfO{+x?n] ug'{kg]{ cleef/f ;'lDkPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu tkfO{+x?sf] cfTdut l:ylt s:tf] 5 <
o;sf nflu xfdL cfh dfq xf]Og s'Voft gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08b]lv g} tof/ ePsf] s'/f ;a}sf cufl8 :ki6} 5 . /fhg}lts bnx?s} cfTdut Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f of] ;Dej ePg . cfh t xfdL k|Tofqmd0fsf] :t/df p7]sf zlQmsf x}l;otn] o;sf] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Ifd dfq xf]Og tof/ klg 5f}+ . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 hfg ;a} zlQmx? cfhsf] l:yltdf ca tof/ x'g]5g\ eGg] xfdLn] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ .

…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] sbd pgsf] cfˆg} ;fx;n] u/]sf x'g jf o;sf k5fl8 s'g} zlQmn] ;fy lbPsf] 5 < tkfO{+x?nfO{ s] nfU5 <
/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] cfˆg} ;fx;n] dfq of] sbd rfn]sf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5}g . g]kfnsf s'g} klg k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx? :jtGq?kdf cfTdlge{/ eP/ cfˆgf] ljj]s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf g/x]sf] Oltxf;sf 36gfqmdn] k'li6 ub]{ cfPsf 5g\ . s;}n] k|hftGqsf] gfd lnP/, s;}n] /fi6"jfbsf] gfd lnP/ s'g} g s'g} /fhg}lts 36gfqmdx?df x:tIf]k ug]{ u/]sf Oltxf;x? ;fIfL 5g\ . …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|n] g]kfndf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] r'Tyf] gf]s/sf] e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] klg k|i6} 5 . df3 !( sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxLsf] sbdnfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf s;}n] ;dy{g gu/] klg o; k5fl8 s'g} g s'g} ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmsf] cf8 e/f];f /x]sf] s'/f cg'dfg ug{ s'g} sl7gfO{ 5}g . of] 36gf ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?sf] …u|f08 l8hfOgÚ df ;DkGg ePsf] xf] eGg] a'em\g' kb{5 .

ef/tLo ;~rf/dfWod, /fhg}lts zlQm / a'l4hLjLx?n] …/fhfÚ sf] sbdsf] ;Vt lj/f]w u/]sf] b]lvof] < s] ca ef/t;Fusf] tkfO{+sf] gLltdf kl/jt{g cfpg] ;Defjgf 5 <
ef/tLo ldl8of jf s]xL /fhg}lts zlQmx?n] ul//x]sf] …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lg/ª\s'z sbdsf] lj/f]wnfO{ xfdL ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} lnG5f}+ . t/ ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj/f]wsf] ?kdf of] s'/f a'‰g cem} s]xL ;do kv{g h?/L 5 . ef/tLo ;Qfsf] lj:tf/jfbL rl/qsf] af/]df xfd|f] ;}4flGts a'emfOdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g . ;fdGtjfbL / ;a}vfn] ;fd|fHojfbL zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfnnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ p2]Zodf cfwfl/t xfd|f] hgo'4k|lt ef/tLo zfifsx?sf] /j}ofdf g} pgLx?nfO{ x]g]{ a'‰g] ;jfn to x'g] s'/f xf] . df3 !( ut]sf] …/fhfÚsf] sbdsf] ef/tLo ;Qfsf] cGto{df /x]sf] lgotnfO{ xfdL uDeL/tfk"j{s / ;'Id 9ª\un] cWoog ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6"o hgdtn] s;/L x]l//x]sf] 7fGg'x'G5 <
g]kfnsf] 36gfqmdnfO{ cGt/f{li6"o hutn] lgs} rf;f]sf ;fy x]l//x]sf] 5 . of] 36gfkl5 cGt/fli6"o hgdt klg b'O{ w'|jdf ljeflht x'g] k|foM lglZrt 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx?sf] u'?of]hgfdf cfPsf] of] 36gf pgLx?sf] ;Lldt :jfy{sf nflu ljleGg ?kdf x:tIf]k ug]{ vt/f k|jn 5 . lsgsL g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ hlt b'Zrqmdf km;fpg ;lsG5 pgLx?sf] :jfy{ l;4 x'g] pgLx?sf] rfn :ki6 5 . t/ ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L Pj+ hgtGqk|]dL ljZjs} hg;d'bfon] df3 !( sf] b':;fx;sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{nfO{ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf bl/nf] ;dy{g ul/g} /xg]5g\ .

tkfO{+n] /fhg}lts w|jLs/0fsf] s'/f ug'{ eof] t/ Pdfn] g]tf emngfy vgfnn] u0ftGq jf s'g} klg tGqsf s'/f clxn] gu/f}+ eGg' eof] . cGo bnsf g]tfx? klg af]n]sf 5}gg\ . o;af6 u0ftGqsf] nIodf w|"jLs/0f ;Dej 5 t <
df3 !(sf] …/fhfÚ sf] 3f]if0ffkl5 ca lg/ª\s'z /fhtGq ls nf]stflGqs u0ftGq eGg] b'O{ /fhg}lts w|'j k|i6tM cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5 . of] k|i6 b'O{ wf/nfO{ ga'‰g' jf a'em]/ klg a'em krfpg] sfdn] /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?nfO{ emg} ktg dfq} u/fpg] 5 . cfˆg} y'k}| sfo{stf{x? lxhf] g} u0ftGqsf] kIfdf plePsf] ;Gbe{ / cfhsf] j:t'ut w/ftndf ca s'g} klg ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfx?n] cfˆgf] l:ylt k|i6 kfg{ l9nfO{ ug'{ b]z / hgtfsf nflu ljZjf;3ft dfq} xf] .

s] kf6L{x?;Fu tkfO{+x?sf] ;Dks{ / ;xsfo{ ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5 <
tTsfn ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g . t/ s]xL kf6L{x?;Fu ;Dks{ ePsf] 5 / ;sf/fTds kxn klg z'? ePsf] 5 . afFsL kf6L{x?;Fu s]Gb|Lo / :yfgLo b'a} :t/af6 l56} ;xsfo{ x'g] ;Defjgf klg a9]sf] 5 .

kf6L{ g]tfx? gh/aGbdf 5g\, sfo{stf{x? wdfwd lu/ˆtf/L kb]{ 5g\ < :jtGq ldl8of k|ltjGw 5, ;ª\s6sfnn] zx/ / ;b/d'sfd ql;t 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf zx/ / ;b/d'sfdsf /fhg}lts sfo{stf{ / j'l4hLjLx?, ;~rf/sdL{ Pj+ hg;d'bfonfO{ s] ;'emfa lbg' x'G5 <
hgo'4sf] tLa|td ljsf;qmdn] k'/fgf] ;Qf zx/ / ;b/d'sfddf dfq} v'Drg k'u]sf] l:yltdf lg/ª\s'ztGqsf] kmf}hL bdg / tyfslyt ;ª\s6sfnåf/f lklN;g k'u]sf ;a} /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{, g]tfx?, jf}l4s ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/sdL{x?, ;~rf/;+:yfx?, dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3-;+:yf / JolQmTjx? Pj+ xfd|f z'elrGts hg;d'bfosf] ca cfˆg} ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn d'l:sndf k/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfdL jxfFx? ;a}nfO{ xfd|f] gofF ;Qf ;~rfng eO/x]sf u|fdL0f If]qdf cfpg cfu|x ub{5f}+ . jxfFx?sf] jf:tljs ;'/Iff / ;Ddfg ca gofF ;Qf cGtu{t dfq ;Dej 5 . xfdL jxfFx?sf] /fhg}lts :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff / ;Ddfgsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5f}+ . To;}u/L PkmPd /]l8of], kqklqsf nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ;~rf/;fwgx?nfO{ xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfP/ lgoldt ;~rfng ug{ xfdL cfJxfg ub{5f}+ .

o;f] ug{ OR5's jxfFx?n] s]xL zt{ k"/f ug'{ k5{ / <
olta]nf lg/ª\s'z …/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb| / p;sf] e/f}6] ;]gf / To;nfO{ ;xof]u / ;fy lbg] s'g} klg zlQmsf] lj/f]wdf pleg' kb{5 . lg/ª\s'ztf lj?4sf] ;ª\3if{sf] ;dy{g ug'{ kb{5 . afFsL cGo cfˆgf] cf:yf cg';f/sf] :jtGqtf sfod x'g ;S5 . ;Rrf b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf nflu xfd|f] hg;Qfleq cfpg s'g} lxlRsrfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g . cfTd;dk{0fjfbL tTjx?, /fi6"lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL tTjx?sf] xsdf xfd|f] s'g} klg ;Ddfg x'g] 5}g .

k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] ;}lgs k|jQmfn] tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7\of/f] kfg{ ;~rf/;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fPsf] atfPsf 5g\, s] o;af6 tkfO{+x?nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 <
p;n] ;~rf/ ;Dks{ ljR5]b u/fP/ xfdLnfO{ xf]Og ;Lldt zx/x?df v'Drg k'u]sf] k'/fgf] ;Qf :jodnfO{ g} c;/ k'lu/x]sf] 5 . clxn] klg tkfO{+n] b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 xfd|f] kf6L{sf] x]8Sjf6{/, sdf08 sfof{no, If]qLo sfof{nob]lv lhNnf lhNnf;Dd / hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k|To]s OsfOx?;Fu xfd|f] lgoldt ;Dks{ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f ;~rf/ ;'rf? 5g\ . xfd|f] kf6L{åf/f ;~rflnt % j6} /]l8of]x?df ;dofjlw a9fP/ lgoldt k|;f/0fx? eO/x]sf] 5 . kqklqsf, cgnfOg nufotsf ;a} vfnsf k|rf/ / k|sfzgx? ;'rf? 5g\ .

ca /fhg}lts eljio s] x'G5 t <
…/fhfÚ 1fg]Gb|sf] lu/f]xn] h'g b':;fx; u¥of] ToxL p;sf] ktgsf] sf/0f x'g]5 . p;n] cfˆgf] d[To'sf] 306L cfkm} ahfPsf] 5 . lg/ª\s'tfsf] cGTo c;Dej 5}g . cjZo+efjL 5 . lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqjfbL zlQmx? / nf]stflqs u0ftGqjfbLx? aLrsf] eLif0f 6s/fj ;fd'Gg] cfPsf] 5 . ;Rrf b]zeQm, k|hftflGqs zlQmx?sf] sfwdf lg/ª\s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 Pp6f 7'n} ;ª\3if{sf] cfFwL a]x/L ;[li6 ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj Oltxf;n] lbPsf] 5 . pQm ;ª\3if{sf] g]t[Tj ug{ / To;df ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g xfd|f] kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cj l56\6} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}+ .
jftf{sf] s'g} ;Defjgf 5 <

…/fhfÚsf] tyfslyt 3f]if0ff kqn] jftf{sf] 9f]sf k'/} aGb ul/lbPsf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqn] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] xf]Og o'4sf] 9f]sf dfq} vf]n]sf] xfdLn] dxz'; u/]sf 5f}+ .
s] eof] eg] jftf{ x'g ;S5 <
klxn] 1fg]Gb|n] cfˆgf] 3f]if0ff lkmtf{ lng' k5{ / ;Dk"0f{ zlQm ljgf ;t{ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg tof/ x'g] l:yltdf jftf{ ;Dej x'g;Sb5 . t/ of] ;Defjgf k"/} 36]/ uPsf] 5 .

of] l:yltdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kn] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ s'g} ;Defjgf b]Vg' x'G5 <
lemgf] ;Defjgf 5 . o;sf nflu …/fhfÚsf] ;]gf zfxL ;]gfn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ xltof/ hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ a'emfpg' kb{5 . /, Tof] k'/fgf] ;]gf lj36g ug'{kb{5 tyf /fhfn] :j]lR5s ?kdf …/fhu2LÚ kl/Tofu ug{ tof/ x'g' kb{5 / dfq} Tof] ;Defjgf x'g ;S5 .

cGTodf hgo'4sf] bzf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf s]xL eGg' 5 ls <
xL kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv xfd|f] hgo'4 gf}+ jif{ k"/f u/]/ bz jif{df k|j]z ub}{5 . ?; / rLgsf] k|ltqmflGt / k]?sf] hgo'4df ePsf] uDeL/ wSsfkl5 xfdLn] g]kfndf cfh eGbf gf}+ jif{ cl3 h'g sfdsf] yfngL u¥of}, Tof] Oltxf;df dxfg\ sfdsf] yfngL lyof] . cfh xfd|f] hgo'4n] g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sJhfsf] clGtd / lg0ff{os o'4sf] cEof;sf] :t/df k'u]/ P]ltxfl;s sLlt{dfg sfod u/]sf] 5 . olt dfq xf]Og hgo'4 /fli6"o ;Ldf gf3]/ cGt/f{li6"o :t/df ljZjqmflGtsf nflu ;+;f/sf ;j{xf/f ju{ Pj+ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfosf nflu gofF pmhf{ Pj+ k|]/0ffsf] cfwf/zLnf klg ag]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf ePsf] dxfg\ o'4sf] g]t[Tj ug{] bfloTj xfd|f] kf6L{n] kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ uf}/jtfsf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 .
o; cj;/df xfdL ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfo, dxfg\ zxLbsf kl/jf/x?, ;]gf / df]rf{sf ;Dk"0f{ kª\lQmx? Pj+ ljZje/sf xfd|f z'elrGtsx?df xflb{s clejfbg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .

-Od]naf6 k|fKt s'/fsfgL ;do;fGble{s /x]sfn] xfdLn] k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ ;=_

cbfntaf6 klg zlQmsf] b"?kof]u ePsf] b]lvof]

k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7
hgj/L !#, @))%

-k~rfotsfnsf clGtd k|wfgdGqL cyf{t\ dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7nfO{ lrgfO/xg'kb}{g . lsgsL pxfF k~rfotsfnd} klg tTsflng k|x/L / ;]gfsf dflyNnf] bhf{sf xflsdx?n] u/]sf] e|i6rf/ / kbLo cfr/0fsf lj?4 8LjL nfdf / e/t u'?ª h:tf JolQmx?nfO{ vf]/ xfNg], To:t} ef/tn] gfsfaGbL u/]sf] a]nf ef/t;Fu 6Ss/ lng] k|wfgdGqLsf ?kdf PstkmL{af6 lrlgg'x'G5 eg] csf]{ tkm{af6 pxfFs} k|wfgdlGqTjsfndf k~rfotsf] lj?4 g]kfnLx?n] lgSs} 7"nf] ;+3if{ u¥of}+ eGg] æefgÆdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf gfdsf] zf;g ;d]t cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] ca ;a} Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf dfq ;Lldt eof] . Ps bzs gk'Ub} k~rsf gfddf kmflnPsf ltg} JolQmx? g} ax'bnLo Joj:yf c;kmn dfq x}g ax'bnjfbL g]tfx?sf] e|i6 / a]OdfgL ePsf] eGb} cfkm"x? æ7"nfÆax'bnjfbL ePsf] atfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
o;} qmddf dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7 s]xL ;docl3 cd]l/sfsf] jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf cfP/ g]kfnLx?aLr cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;d]t efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu >]i7;Fu g]kfnL kf]i6sf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]n / kqsf/ n]vgfy e08f/Ln] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 ._

g]kfnL kf]i6 M g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ult/f]wnfO{ oxfFn] s;/L x]l//xg'ePsf] 5 <
dl/rdfgl;+x >]i7 M g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts ult/f]w ;f/} b"ef{Uok"0f{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL g]kfnL aLrdf lx+;f xTof eO/x]sf] 5 o;sf] l56f]eGbf l56f] ;dfwfg xf];\ eGg] kIfdf d 5' .

dfcf]jfbL / /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg g;Sg'df sf] bf]ifL xf]nfg\ < /fhgLlts bnx? /fhf jf dfcf]jfbL cfkm}+ <
o;df bf]if lbg'eGbf klg ;a}n] :jfy{dfly p7\g'k/\of] . :jfy{eGbf dfly p7]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{ ljifo j:t' agfP/ lrGtg u/]kl5 ;dfwfg x'g ;S5 h:tf] nfU5 .

tkfO{+ @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 k'gM /fhgLlts kl/b[iodf b]vf kg'{ePg t/ tkfO{+s} cGo ;dsfnLgx? ;a} k'gM ;Qfdf k'u] tkfO{+ lsg aflx/ lg:sg'ePg <
aflx/ glgl:sPsf] eGg] k|Zg x}g . sd;]sd ;dGjostf{sf] ?kdf ljefhgnfO{ Pstfsf] kIfdf s;/L n}hfg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fx?sf] lrGtg d a9L ul//x]sf] 5' .
4G4 cfpg] eg]s} ;Qf :jfy{sf sf/0f xf] . /fhgLlts ;+u7g ;+7gaLrsf] 4G4n] ubf{ ;dfhdf 4G4 cfPsf] xf] lg . d]/f] cfu|x eg]sf] ;Qf :jfy{nfO{ Tofu]/ b]zsf] ljifodf lrGtg u/f}+ eGg] d]/f] ;a};Fu cfu|x xf] .

jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] ljsNk s] clwgfosjfb g} xf] eGg] 7fGg'x'G5 <
clwgfosjfbsf] h'g s'/f lgsfn]sf 5g\ . Tof] k|fl1s PS;/;fOh xf] . t/ k|hftflGqs k2ltaf6} ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] eg] /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] kIfdf d 5' .
t/ s] xf] eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm\g} ;+sL0f{tfdf a:g' ePg . /fli6|o Pstf rflxof] /fli6|o ljifox?df ;dGjo rflxof] .

@)$^ ;fnkl5sf] k|hftGqsf] d"Nof+sg s;/L ug'{ePsf] 5 t oxfFn] <
Tof] t tkfO{+x?n] h] d"Nof+sg ug'{ePsf] 5 d}n] klg ToxL u/]sf] 5' . /fd|f] ePg .

o;df sdL sdhf]/L lhDd]jf/L s;sf] xf] t <
/fHo ;+rfngsf] sdhf]/L xf] . Pp6f t s] b]lvof] eg] ;+;bLo Joj:yf x'Fbf kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj ju{df JolQmTjsf] cefj b]lvof] . sfo{stf{x?sf] unt :jfy{nfO{ dfq ;+/If0f ug]{ b]lvof] . g]t[Tj ju{df unt :jfy{nfO{ bjfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf klg rflxof] . To;n] ubf{ kf6L kf6Ldf ljefhg eof] .
clxn] g]kfndf x]bf{ kf6Lx? eg]sf] sfo{stf{b]lv dflysf] :jfy{sf] a08ndfq ePsf] b]lvG5g\ .

;+ljwfg ;ef / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttf ePb]lv dfcf]jfbLx? jftf{df cfpg] elg/x]sf 5g\ o;adf]lhd jftf{ x'g ;Sg] b]Vg'x'G5 ls x'Gg <
;aeGbf 7"nf] s'/f b'j} kIfdf cljZjf; 5 . klxn] cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f x6fpg] sfd x'g'k/\of] . pgLx?nfO{ klg ljZjf; x'g'k/\of] . pgLx?nfO{ klg w]/} cK7f/f] 5 . /fHo kIfn] ljZjf; lbnfpg ;Sg'k/\of] .

/fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf nfg ;lsG5 ls ;lsb}g t <
/fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf x'Fbf ;/sf/L kIfn] s]xL ;f]r]sf] xf]nf . To; ljifodf d lj:t[t?kdf uPsf] 5'Og .

oxfFnfO{ klg /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf cfO/xg'k5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5}g <
d]/f] egfO xfdL g]kfnL g]kfnL a;]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg lsg gug]{ < eGg] xf] . /fli6|otfsf] kIfdf Pp6f s] x'G5 eg] g]kfnLx? cK7f/f] k/]sf a]nfdf Ps x'g ;S5g\ eGg] xfdLn] lzIff lbg ;Sg'k/\of] . d Tof] kIfdf /xG5' . g]kfnL g]kfnL a;]/ cfkm" aLrsf] 4G4 lsg ;dfwfg gug]{ <

/fhfsf] cWoIftfdf ;Nnfxfsf/ ;ldlt agfP/ /fhfn] zf;g rnfpg] xNnf cfO/x]sf] 5 tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] nflux/]sf] 5 <
g]kfndf w]/} xNnf km}nG5 . ToxfF h:tf] Pp6f l5kfsf] 3\ofDkf] km\6\of] eg] klg Pp6f xNnf rlnxfN5 . d of] xNnfsf] k5fl8 lx8\lbg .

bn / /fhfaLrsf] ult/f]wsf af/]df oxfF s] eGg'x'G5 <
of] ;a} ;Qf :jfy{ xf] . ;Qf :jfy{ 5f8]kl5 of] ult/f]w ;a} x6\5 . /fhfn] klg ;a} kf6Lx?nfO{ n ldn]/ cfp eg]/ dfu u/]s} xf] . t/ ToxfF cfkm\gf cfkm\gf 5g\ . ;Qfdf hfg] ljlQs} pm alnof] x'G5 ls d sdhf]/ x'G5' ls eGg] ;a} kf6Lx?nfO{ 5 . pgLx? ;a}sf] rl/q s] eof] eg] ;Qfaf6dfq /fhgLlt ug{ ;Sg] ;f]rfO a9\tf a9\of] . To;n] ubf{ cfkm"cfkm"df 4G4 a9]sf] b]V5' .

/fhfsf] Ifdtf / e"ldsf dfly sltsf] ;+Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
clxn]sf] /fhf klg ;Ifd g} 5g\ . ;]G; ckm PsfpG6ljln6L 5 ls 5}g < d'n's tndfly eof] eg] xfdLnfO{ eGbf /fhfnfO{ a9L lrGtf 5 . o;y{ clxn] cljZjf; a9L ePsf] dfq xf] . æcu'N6fn] xfg]sf] s's'/ lah'nLb]lv tl;{G5Æ eg] h:tf] dfq xf] .
clxn] s] s'/f lal;{P eg] cfkm" x}g b]z hgtf eg]/ ;f]Rg'k/\of] . cfkm\g} dfq ;Qf / :jfy{ t]:of{of] eg] uf/f] x'G5 . emu8f kg]{ sf/0f klg log} x'g\ . elgG5 lg 4G4sf] sf/0f ædgL, kfj/ / ;]S;Æ xf] clxn] klg To:t} eO/x]sf] 5 .

casf] lgsf; s] xf] t <
jftf{ x'g'k5{ .

jftf{ s;/L x'g] t <
o;df gful/s ;dfhsf] klg e"ldsf x'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gePsf] ju{ ;lqmo eof] eg] / ltgLx?n] bjfj lbPdf jftf{ x'g;S5 .

;a} bnsf g]tfx?sf] egfO Pp6} /xG5 . k|fo ;a} bnsf g]tf cd]l/sf cfpFbf b]z} 8'Aof] a/jfb eof] eG5g\ oxfF a:g]nfO{ klg tkfO{+x?sf] klg e"ldsf x'G5 tkfO+{x?n] b'j} kIfnfO{ bjfj lbg ;Sg'x'G5 elgG5 t/ Tof] lsg eO/x]sf] 5}g t <
clxn] hf] ;Qfdf 5g\ pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ gx]/L b]z x]?g\ . To;kl5 jftf{ x'G5 . Psy/L dfcf]jfbL cfP eg] xfdL g} hfg'k5{ ls eGg] lrGtf b]lvG5 . lelq pgLx?sf] s] b]lvG5 eg] pgLx? gcfPklg x'GYof] eGg] klg b]V5' . ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\g} :jfy{, s'07f 5 . Tof] b]lv dfly p7\g' k/\of] . d g/x] / s] x'G5 / b]z /xf];\ eGg] efjgfn] cufl8 a9\g ;Sg'k/\of] .

g]tfx?df 4}4 rl/q ljBdfg b]lvG5 elgG5 h:tf] /fhfnfO{ e]6\bf Pp6f s'/f aflx/ Pp6f s'/f eGg'eof] <
of] /fhgLlts xf] . lxKkf]q]m;L xf] of] . o;n] ubf{ 4G4 a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ju{nfO{ dfq bf]ifL klg elGbg . Tof] hgtfdf ;ts{tf klg 5}g . ær]s P08 Jofn]G;Æ x'g'k5{ Tof] ePg . ;+ljwfg agfpFbf h'g s'/f ;f]rfO{ ePsf] 5 . h:tf] zlQm o;nfO{ lbg] eGg] 5 To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ klg rflxG5 . h:tf] cbfntnfO{ zlQm lbOof] . cbfntaf6 klg zlQmsf] b"?kof]u ePsf] b]lvof] .

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfP eg] d 6Ls] k|wfgdGqL alGbg eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg <
d}n] 6Ls] eg]/ eg]sf] 5}g . d]/f] t rfxgf g} 5}g . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf s] eg] :jtGq zlQmsf ?kdf /x]/ of] ;d:ofnfO{ ldnfpg ;lsG5 ls eGg] r]i7fdf 5' .

oxfFsf] cfkm\gf] ;]e b g]zg eGg] kf6L s] eO/x]sf] 5 <
d}n] s'g} kf6L g} vf]n]sf] 5}g .

oxfFn] ;dGjosf] s'/f ug'{eof] Tof] /fd|f] xf] . t/ tkfO{+sf] To; lsl;dsf] s]xL k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 <
Tof] aflx/ cfpg] s'/f ePg . lelq ?kdf ;a}n] dnfO{ e]6\g cfpF5g\ . ;a};Fu s'/f x'G5 . d r'k nfu]/ a;]sf] 5}g . d ;Qf cufl8 t]:of{P/ s'/f ulb{g .

of] ;dGjosf] e"ldsfk|lt sltsf] ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
dk|lt klg k"jf{u|x /fv]/ x]g{]x? 5g\ klxn] t dk|lt k"jf{u|x /fv]/ gx]/ eG5' . d}n] eGg] u/]sf] 5', d ltd|f] k|lt4G4L x}g .

tkfO{+ clxn];Dd g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kmf]/ddf gcfpg'ePsf] sf/0f s] xf] <
kIf ljkIfsf] /fhgLltdf d cun a;]sf] x'F .

tkfO{+nfO{ t cem} klg /fhfs} kIf eg]/ x]l/G5 lg <
Tof] cfu|x 5 . Tof] cfu|x xf] . /fhfsf] kIf eGbf klg d ;a} zlQmnfO{ ;dGjo u/fpg] kIfnfO{ d x]5'{ .

clGtddf g]kfnL kf]i6dfkm{t\ ;+;f/ e/ a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <
clxn] d'n'ssf] jt{dfgl:yltnfO{ ;'wfg{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] kIfaf6 ;a}n] k|oTg u/f}+ d]/f] oxL cg'/f]w xf] .

æb'j} lzlj/df aGb's]x?s} xfjL a9]sf] 5Æ

k//fi6|ljb\ lx/0onfn >]i7
l8;]Da/ #), @))$

lx/0onfn >]i7 M k|fWofkgb]lv lnP/ g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf If]qdf klg lr/kl/lrt gfd xf] . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf tkm{af6 @)$^ ;fnkl5sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yftfsf hglgjf{lrt ;+;b klg aGg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+;b /xFbf pxfF k//fi6| tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;d]t /xg'ePsf] lyof] . xfn pxfF :jtGq j'l4hLjLsf ?kdf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg] cleofgdf nfUg'ePsf] 5 . xfn cfkm" s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnsf] glhs g/x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . /, b]zdf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g eGg'x'G5 . k//fi6| dfldnfdf lgSs} bvn /fVg'x'g] /fhgLlts zf:qsf s]xL k':tsx?;d]t k|sflzt ul/;Sg'ePsf >]i7 s]xL ;docl3 e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/;dIf lj:t[t ?kdf cjut u/fpg] qmddf jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnL kf]i6 M s]sf] lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <

lx/0onfn >]i7 M g]kfndf /x]sf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ ;'/Iff / ;Ddfgsf ;fy :jb]z kmsf{pg] s'/fdf cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfosf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ cfu|xsf nflu xfdL cfPsf xf}+ .
To;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? !$ jif{;Dd /xFbf klg :jb]z kms{g] s'/f clglZrt x'Fbf z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df /x]sf o'jfx? cw}o{ eO{ st} pu|jfbL af6f]df gnfu'g\, xfdL g]kfnLx?n] t clxn] To:tf pu|jfbL 36gfx? ef]Ub}5f}+ eg] Tof] s'/f ca cfP/ e"6fg;Fu ghf]l8of];\ . olb ToxFFf klg To:t} z;:q 4G4 x'g yfn]kl5 xltof/ lbg hfg] sfd ug'{sf] abnf Tof] l:ylt g} cfpg glbgsf nflu z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ ;'NemfpgnfO{ ef/t / e"6fgnfO{ bjfj lbg ;Demfpg] sfd cd]l/sfn] u/f];\ eg]/ klg xfdL oxfF cfPsf xf}+ .
dxfzlQmsf ?kdf /x]sf] cd]l/sfn] cft+sjfb lj/f]wL ljZj cleofgnfO{ Wofg lb+bf cfGbf]ng z'? eO;s]kl5 xltof/ a'emfpg hfg'sf] abnf z'?d} o;nfO{ /f]Sg] sfd u/f];\, cft+sjfbsf lj?4 lg/f]hs s"6gLltssf nflu cfu|x ug{ cd]l/sf cfPsf xf}+ .

oxfF cfP/ sf]sf];Fu o;sf af/]df s'/f /fVg'eof] t <

xfdLn] :6]6l8kf6{d]G6sf blIf0f Pl;of x]g]{ k//fi6| dfldnf x]g{] / g]kfn x]g]{ clwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn u/\of}+ . To;}u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3df klg z/0ffyL{x?sf dfldnf x]g]{ clwsf/Lx?;Fu e]6 ug{ uO/x]sf 5f}+ . jfl;+ª6g 8L;L / Go'of]s{df /x]sf g]kfnL efifLx?;Fu klg e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] af/]df xfd|f] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd eof] .
;+;f/e/ 5l/P/ a;]sf g]kfnLx? h'g;'s} b]zdf g]kfnLdfly cGofo cTofrf/ ePdf e]befj ePdf s/fpg'k5{, an lbg'k5{, P]Soj4tf hgfpg'k5{ . g]kfnLefifL / ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf nflu xfdL e"6fgsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf 6]sgfy l/hfn clxn] cd]l/sf cfpg'ePsfn] pxfFnfO{ klg ;xof]u k'/\ofpgsf nflu / e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o :t/df Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ sfdsf nflu ;d]t ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf xf] .
dfgjclwsf/sf] kIf lnO{ af]Ng] 6]sgfy l/hfnhL / pxfFsf] kIfdf af]Ng] h'g;'s} dfgjclwsf/jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ csf]{ cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u lbnfpgsf nflu klg xfd|f] o;kfnLsf] e|d0fsf] a]nf k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 .

cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx? s] eG5g\ t e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf ;DaGwdf <

cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx?n] yf]/} ;+Vofdf ePklg klxnf] juL{s/0fdf k/]sfx?nfO{ kmsf{pg] ;f]r /fv]sf /x]5g\ . xfdLn] eGof} ls klxnf]df kg]{x?sf] ;+Vof Hofb} sd 5 of] juL{s/0f g} bf]ifk"0f{ 5 . ;a} e"6fgL / u}/ e"6fgLnfO{ :jb]z kmsf{pg'k5{ . cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfon] ;xof]u u/]/ z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ g]kfnd} /fVg ;lsG5 ls eGg] ;f]Rg]x? klg /x]5g\ Tof] unt 5, lsgsL g]kfnleq} klg cfGtl/s ?kn] lj:yflkt x'g] cfGtl/s z/0ffyL{ a9]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] cGt/f{li6|o z/0ffyL{x?sf] af]em g]kfnn] af]Sg ;Sb}g To;}n] clxn]sf] a]nf pxfFx?nfO{ xfdLn] eg]sf] 5f} xfdL cGt/f{li6|o z/0ffyL{sf] af]em af]Sg ;Sb}gf} . xfdLn] cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx?;Fusf] e]6df klg eg]sf 5f}+ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ rfF8f] kmsf{pg'k5{ To;sf nflu ef/tnfO{ ;d]t ;Demfpg] lhDd]jf/L ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfn] lng'k5{ eg]/ xfdLn] cfu|x ubf{ ;sf/fTds hjfkm kfPsf 5f}+ .

e"6fgL ;d:ofsf] afws d'Vo u/]/ ef/t xf] elgG5, oxfFx?n] ef/tlt/ uP/ klg s'/f ug'{eof] xf]nf ef/tLo clwsf/Lx? s] eG5g\ <

xf] xfdLn] ef/tLo clwsf/Lx?;Fu klg s'/f u/]sf 5f} / ub}{ 5f} klg . xfn g]kfndf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ lkmtL{ ;xof]u ;d'x eg]/ g]kfnsf k"j{ k//fi6|dGqLx? k"j{ s"6gLlt1x? / of] If]qdf ?rL /fVg] dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx?;d]t ;xefuL /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] ef/tnfO{ klg e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf nflu df}g s"6gLlts ?kn] ;Demfpg] ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] pgLx?;Fu s'/f ubf{ pgLx? xfdLn] e"6fgnfO{ bjfj lbg ldNb}g of] tkfO{+x?s} b'O{ kIfaLrsf] dfldnf xf] eg]/ klG5g] k|j[lQ ef/tsf] xfdLn] b]Vof}+ .
xfdLn] eGof}+, ef/t / e"6fgsf] l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] 5 . klxn] z/0f lbPsf] b]z ef/t xf] . ef/tn] g]kfn k7fPsf] x'gfn] dfq of] g]kfn / e"6fgsf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . olb ef/tn] g]kfn gk7fPsf] eP of] ef/t / e"6fgsf] ;d:of x'g hfGYof] . To;}n] csf]{ d'n'snfO{ ;d:of ;flb{b}df Tof] b]zn] ;d:ofaf6 6f8f klG5g ldNb}g To;}n] g} of] z'?b]lv g} g]kfn, ef/t / e"6fgaLrsf] ;d:of xf] . of] cGt/f{li6|o ;d:of xf] . g]kfnn] t a:gnfO{ dfq 7fpF lbPsf] xf] . v'jfpg], lkjfpg], k9fpg], aRrfnfO{ :jfYof]krf/ ug]{ ;a} UNHCR n] sfd u/]sf] 5 eg] of] s;/L b'O{klIfo ;d:of x'G5 < To;}n] of] cGt/f{li6|o ;d:of xf] . ef/tn] cfpg lbg] hfg lsg glbg] < To;}n] hfFbf klg ef/ts} af6f] eP/ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 .
To;f] t cd]l/sf, o'/f]lkog d'n's ;lxt g]kfndf /x]sf x/]s b]zsf /fhb"tfaf;x?n] z/0ffyL{ lzlj/df uP/ :ynut lg/LIf0f u/]sf 5g\ . ef/tdfq} ToxfF k'u]sf] 5}g . ef/tsf] pk]Iffn] ubf{ / pu|jfbL / cft+sjfbL ;+:yfx?sf] aLrdf cltjfbL /fh;+:yfx?aLrdf xft]dfnf] a9\b} uPsf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ ef]lnb]lv e"6fgdf klg pNkmfnfO{ nv]6]kl5 pgLx? klg c;Gt'i6 eP/ e"6fgL ljkIfL;Fu ;xof]uL ?kdf ;DaGw a8fpFb} n}hfg' :jefljs x'g hfG5 . To;}n] ef]ln 7"nf] ;d:of x'g cfpF5 / o;n] ef/tnfO{ klg c;/ k5{ . ef/tn] klg of] pu|jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ kfNg] xf]Og kG5fpg z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L kmsf{pg ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . e"6fgdf dfgjclwsf/ / k|hftGqsf] axfnL eof] eg] ToxfF leqsf hgtfn] af]nfP/ z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ km"nsf] dfnf nufP/ kmsf{pF5g\ . e"6fgdf k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/ gePsf] x'gfn] z/0ffyL{ ;d:of o;sf] pkh xf] .
h'g h'g /fi6|x?n] e"6fgnfO{ ;xfotf ul//x]sf 5g\ ltgLx?n] klg e"6fgdf dfgjclwsf/ / k|hftGq gcfP;Dd ;xfotf ug'{x'Gg / xfdLn] klg z/0ffyL{ gkmsf{P;Dd o;sf nflu bjfj lbg cfu|x ul//x]sf 5f+}{ .

of] t eof], g]kfn / e"6fgsf] ;d:ofsf] s'/f otf cfˆg} b]zdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:of emg rls{b} uPsf] 5 ;Qf /fhfn] xftdf lnO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] b]zsf] eljio s:tf] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <

clxn] g]kfn l:ylt emg z;:q 9+uaf6 a8\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . hgtfx? /fHo / ljb|f]xL b'j} kIfsf] Rofkdf k/]sf 5g\ . b'j} lzlj/df aGb's]x?s} xfjL a9]sf] 5 . h;n] /fhgLlts ;dfwfg eGbf klg ann] ldr]/ cuf8L a9\g'k5{ eGg] ;f]r /fv]sf] 5 . o;}n] of] d"n k|Zg g} aGb'ssf] lgoGq0fdf /fhgLlts /fVg] xf] ls clxn]sf] h:tf] /fhgLlts gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 k"0f{ o'4lj/fd ug{ ;Djfbsf] ;xdltaf6} g} k'Ug'k5{ ;}lgsL ;dfwfg x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fdf hg;xdtsf] ;[hgf / hgbjfjsf] kl/rfngtkm{ nfu]sf 5f}+ .
To;f] t /fHonfO{ xltof/ lbg] d'n'sx? klg 5g\ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, a]nfot, ef/t nufot bh{gf} d'n'sx?n] ;}lgsL ;fdu|L, ;}lgsL tflnd, gfO6lehg x]lnsK6/ lbg] ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt Vofn gu/L csf]{tkm{ ljb|f]xL kIfnfO{ klg cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u Tolts} k|fKt 5 . h:tf] blIf0f Pl;ofsf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] ;+u7g æsDkf];fÆ logLx?n] klg dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ xltof/ t:s/L tyf k|lzIf0f u/]/ d2t u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'j}tkm{ xltof/ lbP/ rsf{pg vf]Hg]x? klg 5g\ eg] ;aeGbf sdhf]/ ljb]zdf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ an k'/\ofOlbg]x? 5g\ .
oltv]/ xfd|f] e|d0fsf] p2]Zo eg]sf] xfdLnfO{ ;}lgsLs/0fsf] af6f]df x}g zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu clek|]l/t ug]{ / cGt/f{li6|o If]qdfkm{t\ klg zflGtsf] kxn ug'{ xf] . zflGtsf] kIf b/f] xf];\ eg]/ ;dy{g / P]Soj4tf zflGtsf nflu k|fKt ug'{ klg csf]{ xfd|f] p2]Zo xf] . ;+;f/ e/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnL / g]kfnsf ldqx?n] 4G4nfO{ prfNg] x}g zflGt kIfnfO{ kf]if0f ug{sf nflu g} cGt/f{li6|o P]Soj4tfsf] xfdLnfO{ vfFrf] 5 .

;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLr jftf{ u/fpgsf nflu ;xhstf{ klg e/kbf]{ gePsf h:tf b]lvG5g lg <

b'O{ k6s jftf{ e+u x'Fbfv]/L zflGtjftf{sf] k|fljlwskIf ghfg]sf sf/0f ljjfbdq Nofpg] / ;xhstf{x?n] klg b'O{ kIf aLrsf] snxnfO{ sd gu/fPsf] b]lvof] . o;n] ubf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf pko'Qm xf]nf . To;f] t /fi6|;+3sf dxf;lrjn] ;d]t g]kfnsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f}+ eg]/ arg ;d]t lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/ kIf xltof/ lng / 4G4 rsf{pg cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u lng] zflGtsf nflu eg] cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u rflx+b}g eGg] ;Qf kIfsf] unt /j}of 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] t ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:ttfdf jftf{ ug{ dfg]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6|o ;+3;+:yf ;xhstf{ geO{ jftf{ x'g klg uf/f] 5 . ef]ln s'/f ldn]/ r'gfj u/fpg'kbf{ klg ljb|f]xLx?sf] xltof/ s;nfO{ a'emfpg] hf];Fu n8\of] p;nfO{ t a'emfpFb}gg\ . ;}lgsnfO{ a'emfpFb}gg\ To;}n] ubf{ r'gfj gx'Gh]n;Dd xltof/ ga'emfpGh]n;Dd ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] ;xof]u h?/L 5 . cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?nfO{ ;xof]u lbnfpg] h:tf kIfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsfnfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . t/ cfkm\g} kf]N6fleqsf] b]z ;Demg] blIf0f Pl;ofsf] b]zn] ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;xof]u;Dd 5}g . ef]ln ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 cfpg] ljlQs} xfd|f] x:tIf]ksf nflu tuf/f] x'G5sL eGg] dfgl;stf l5d]sL b]zsf] 5 . g]kfnsf cfkm\g} ljutsf lbg / cg'ejx? ;}lgsL zf;g /x]sf a]nf l5d]sL 7"nf b]zsf ;}lgs cfP eg] kmsf{pg} ufx|f] x'G5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 cfof] eg] ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/sg r'gfj ul/sg p lglZrt kms{G5 . csf]{ kIf l5d]sL Ps b]zsf] kmf}h cfof] eg] csf]{ ?i7 x'G5 . g]kfnsf] e" ;fdflhs ;Dj]bgzLn l:yltdf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 eof] eg] ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ ;b:o /fi6| ef/t, rLg;Fu ldNg ;lsG5 / ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3nfO{ s:tf] dfGotflbg] eGg] klg ;Nnfxf x'G5 . s'g} zlQm /fi6| h;sf] ;fdflhs :jfy{ g]kfndf 5 . ltgLx?sf] x:tIf]k xfdLnfO{ x'Fb}g . zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u lbg] xf] . aflx/L x:tIf]knfO{ gsfg}{ k5{ .

dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu /fhfsf] e"ldsf s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <

/fhfsf] k"j{ klZrd e|d0fdf klg hgtfn] JolQmut s'/f dfu]gg\ /fhf zflGt b]pm, /fhf ;'/Iff b]pm g} eg] eg] hgtfn] /fhf;Fu}af6 zflGtsf] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg /fhf;Fu} s'/f u5f}{ eg]sf x'gfn] ;a} zlQm clxn] /fhf;Fu} s]Gb|Ls[t 5 . /fhgLlts ?kn] o;sf] ulx/f] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ljb|f]xLn] hf];Fu jftf{ u5'{ eg]sf 5g\ p;+u;Fu} tTsfn r}+ x'Fb}g a? zlQm lbP/ k7fPsf g]tfnfO{ 7fpFcg';f/sf] x}l;ot lbP/ k7fpg pgLx?n] eg]sf 5g\ . o;}n] jftf{sf nflu /fhfaf6 klg s]xL kxn eof] eg] /fd|f] x'G5 . d}n] t cfd ?kn] eGg] u/]sf] 5' /fhfn] ;j{bnLo ?kdf ;j{klIfo /fhg}lts ;Dd]ng af]nfOlbg'k5{ . dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] Tof] ;j{kIfLo /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngn] ;femf /f]8\Dofk, ;femf /fli6|o sfo{qmd to ug'{k5{ . To;n] sfo{qmd nu]/ r'gfj u/fpgsf nflu ;femf /fli6|o Pstfsf] ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] /xg'k5{ / p;n] s]sf nflu r'gfj u/fpg] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f To} /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngn] Pp6f d:of}bf agfOlbg'k5{ . gofF ;+ljwfgsf nflu Tof] d:of}bfnfO{ cfufdL r'gfj ;jf{lwsf/ ;DkGg h;n] ;+ljwfg x]/km]/ klg ug{ ;S5 / ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ klg lbg ;S5 . xfd|f] h:tf] ul/a b]zn] b'Oj6f r'gfj ug{ ;Sb}g ;+ljwfg ;ef / ax'bnsf nflu r'gfj To;/L Pp6f pkfo lgsfNg] ;lsG5 t/ o;sf nflu /fhf :jod\ klg nflu kg'{k5{ x]/]/ a:g'ePg . sd;]sd klg /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng u/]/ xf];\ of h;/L eP klg zflGtsf nflu kxn ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfO;Sof] . cyf{t\ ;j{bnLo, ;j{kIfLo /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg'kk5{ . zflGtsf] k|of; eg]s} /fi6| lgdf{0f xf] . dfg]/ ;femf sfo{qmd / ;femf /fli6|o ;/sf/ agfO{ lgsf; lgsfNg'kg]{ clxn] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .

To;sf] dtnj /fhf cfkm}+ cufl8 ;/]/ zflGtsf] nflu kxn ug'{k\of] x}g t <

;a} kIfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOsg lgsf;sf nflu /fhfn] kxn ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng af]nfpg] qmddf .

oxfFnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6Ln] ljut t]x| rf}w jif{df u/]sf lqmofsnfkn] hgtfdf ljt[i0ff cfP h:tf] nfU5 ls nfUb}g <

Tof] cjZo xf] . ;a}eGbf a9L hf] ;Qfdf a:of] Tof] al9 lhDd]jf/ 5 . aLraLrdf hf] hf] ;Qfdf ;xefuL eP tL klg ToxL xb;Dd lhDd]jf/ 5g\ / ;+;bsf] k'g:yfkgf eGgfn] Tof] k'/fgf] ;+;b hf] dfcf]jfbL ljgf 5 To;n] ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . hg;]gf ePsf] zlQmnfO{ klg kfvf /fv]/ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g . clxn]sf] ;d:of ToxL !$ jif{sf] /fhgLlts pkh xf] . /fhgLlts ?kn] k|hftGq cfof] cfly{s ;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfPg . lk5l8Psf] hflt / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] pk]Iff /x\of] . To;}n] ca /fhgLlts zlQm dfcf]jfbL ;lxt cufl8 a9]/ lbuf] zflGtsf nflu kxn ug'{k5{ .

oxfF klg Pp6f ljwflosf eP/ ;+;bdf k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] o:tf] x'g'df cfkm"nfO{ sltsf] lhDd]jf/ 7fGg'x'G5 <

d sfo{sf/L / ;Qfdf uOg t/ sfg'g agfpg] 7fpFdf k'u] . Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] klxnf] ;];gnfO{ olb clxn]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cg'df]bg ul/lbPsf] eP / cfjZostfg';f/ ;+zf]wg ul/lbPsf] eP ;fob ;+ljwfg ;ef eGb}gy] xf]nfg\ csf]{ rf/j6f s'/f km]g{ kfOPg eg]/ hgtfnfO{ k"0f{ ;fj{ef}d xf]Og ;Lldt ;fj{ef}d eof] . o;df ;+;bn] e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] g} xf] . ;+ljwfgnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ ;+zf]wg ug]{ Tof] kxn klg ePg Toltdfq x}g xfd|f] cfkm\gf] sdhf]/L eGg] xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] klg k"0f{ ?kn] ljsf; x'g lbPg . ;+;bn] k|wfgdGqL r'Gg] k|To]s k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b lj36g ug]{ eGg] dfs'/] ;+:s[lt cfof] . dfs'/fn] aRrf hGdfpF5 Tof] aRrfn] cfdf vfG5 o:tf] unt gLltn] ubf{ g} o:tf] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] . To;dWo] klg e|i6rf/ / s'zf;gn] ubf{ of] ;dfNg} g;Sg] l:ylt cfPsf] xf] To;n] bnx? hfu?s x'g'k5{ t/ lgb{nLo Joj:yfdf hfg] x}g . bnn] cfkm"nfO{ ;'wfg'{k5{ . cfkm\gf sdhf]/L :jLsfg'{k5{ / dfcf]jfbLsf cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf Ph]G6nfO{ :jLsfg]{ ax'bn / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsfg{sf nflu pgLx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{k5{ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg lbj]zL x:tIf]k / rnv]n a9\b} uPsf] ;Gbe{df b]zelQmsf] efjgf /fv]/ zflGtk"0f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . pgLx?n] ;+3if{ 5f]8]/ cfpg klg elGbg t/ ;+3if{sf] ?k km]g'{k5{ . ;}lgs / ljb]zL x:tIf]k /f]Sg] xf] eg] zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf cfpg'k5{ . xTof lx+;f 5f8]/ clxn] w]/}h;f] kf6L{x?n] ;+ljwfg ;ef xfdLnfO{ dGh'/ 5 xfdLnfO{ cfkQL 5}g elg;s]sf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] klg ;z:q cfGbf]ng 5f8 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng u5f}{{ / cfGbf]ngnfO{ z;:qaf6 hgcfGbf]ngdf km]/]/ cfkm\gf p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf nflu nfUbf /fd|f] x'G5 . zflGtk"0f{ ?kn] cfPklg dfcf]jfbL ;a} eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ eP/ ;Qfdf cfpg ;Snf ann] dfq 5fk agfpg cem} ufx|f] 5 . l;+xb/jf/ sAhf ug{ / ;Qfn] klg ann] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgDg kfg{ ;Sb}g To;}n] ;+jfb / ;xdlt cfjZos 5 . o;}n] ;a}sf] k|of; cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu Ph]08f lnP/ zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; lgsfNg] xf] .

g]kfndf Psy/Lx? /fhf cfpm b]z arfp eGg] yfn]sf 5g\ lg <

of] j]df};dsf /fux? ;'lgPsf x'g\ . )!& ;fnsf] h:tf] ca x'g ;Sb}g . hgr]tgfsf] :t/ w]/} al9;s]sf] 5 . ca t hg;]gf ;lxtsf] Pp6f /fhgLlts zlQm klg cufl8 cfO;s]sf] 5 To;}n] @)!& ;fnsf] ;kgf k"/f x'g ;Sb}g .

b]pjf ;/sf/ r'gfj u/fpF5' eGb}5g\ lg s] 5 l:ylt <

r'gfjsf nflu zflGt k"j{ cfjZostf xf] . Jof/]sleq dtbfg s]Gb| /fVg] xf] / < To;}n] klxn] zflGt rflxof] . d s] eG5' eg], dfcf]jfbLx? klg ls t of] ;d:ofnfO{ jftf{ u/]/ 6'+Uofp ls r'gfj x'g b]pm / lgjf{lrt ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ u/ t/ r'gfj} x'g lbGg eG5 eg] æl6s]Æ ;/sf/nfO{ g} ck|ToIf ?kdf ;3fp k'U5 .
h:tf] >Ln+sfdf klg ln§]n] cfkm\gf] ;dy{snfO{ r'gfjaf6} lhtfof] r'gfj ljyf]n]g . d t s] eG5' eg] log} clxn]sf ;Qfdf /x]sf rf/ kf6L{;Fu jftf{ u/]/ of] ;d:of 6'+Uofpg'k/\of] . jftf{ klg x'g glbg] / hgtf;Fu ;/f]sf/ g/fVg] æl6s]Æ ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' ePg .

dfcf]jfbLx? jftf{sf nflu af/Daf/ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] dWo:tf dflu/x]sf 5g\ ;/sf/ Tof] s'/fk|lt j]jf:tf ul/x]sf] b]lvG5 o;sf nflu klg csf]{ s'g} b/f] dWo:ttf ;d'xsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] xf] ls <

cfkm"nfO{ xltof/ rflx+bf c?sf] ;xof]u rflxg], ;L8Lcf] ckx/0f x'Fbf cGt/f{li6|o ;xof]u rflxg] . zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u grflxg] < Tof] t ;/sf/n] eGg} ldNb}g . ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3sf] cfXjfgdf g]kfNL ;]gfn] ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu nfluk/]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfndf ;+s6kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3n] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]N5' eGbf x'Gg eGg' ldNb}g . /fi6|;+3 cfpFbf ljb]zL x:tIf]k eGg ldNb}g . lsgsL g]kfn klg /fi6|;+3sf] ;b:o /fi6| xf] . cfkm\gf] ;b:o /fi6|sf] c;kmntfnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg vf]H5 eg] xfdLn] To;nfO{ :jLsfg'{k5{ . :jLsf/ gug'{eg]sf] zflGt grfxg' / cGt/f{li6|o ;dfwfg grfxg' xf] .
/fi6|;+3 cfpg'eg]sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[ltaf6 cfpg] xf] . To;}n] klg clxn] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf /fi6|;+3sf] ;+dnUgtf h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu ljb|f]xL kIfn] dflg;s]sf] cj:yfdf h;n] dfg]sf] 5}g To;nfO{ ;a}n] ;+emfpg'k5{ Tof] g} ;a}sf nflu kmnbfoL x'G5 .
h:tf] ef/tsf] kmf}h >Ln+sf hfFbfv]/L c;kmn eP/ kms]{sf] xf] . /, l5d]sLn] ;}lgs x:tIf]k u/\of] eg] Tof] l5d]sL klg jb\gfd x'G5 . To;}n] ef/tdf cfkm\gf] cg'ejn] klg g]kfndf ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;+emfpg ;Sof] eg] pko'Qm x'G5 .
csf]{lt/ ef/tdf klg sf+u|]; cfO{sf] gofF ;/sf/ /x]sf] 5 . To;sf b'O{6f k|wfgdGqLx? OlGb/f ufGwL / /flha ufGwL cft+sjfbs} lzsf/ ePsf x'gfn] casf] ;/sf/n] ef/t nufot l5d]sL /fi6|df pu|jfbsf] k|f]T;fxg glbsg zflGtsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] s'/fnfO{ klg s"6gLlts tj/n] xfdLn] ef/tnfO{ ;+emfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
csf]{ /fd|f] kIf pQ/ k|b]zdf ef/tn] ToxfFsf ljb|f]xLx?;Fu jftf{ ub}{5, pQ/k"jL{ If]qdf klg ljb|f]xL;Fu jftf{sf nflu kxn ub}{5 . h:tf] slZd/L ;d:ofsf nflu klg ef/tn] g]kfnd} jftf{ u/\of] . g]kfndf klg zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu ef/t / cGt/f{li6|o :t/n] k|f]T;fxg ug}{k5{ .

cGTodf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ oxfFsf] s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

g]kfndf 4G4 rs]{sfn] cfGtl/s lj:yflkt ePsf t 5Fb}5g\ . ljb]z hfg] qmd klg a8\bf] 5 . t/ klg g]kfndf zflGt ePdfq ljb]zdf cfOk'u]sf g]kfnLx?n] ljb]zdf klg rog;Fu sfd ug{ kfpF5g\ . To;}n] k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] :jfy{ klg g]kfndf zflGt sfod ug'{ xf] . o;sf nflu ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] cGt/f{li6|o hgdt tof/ u/]/ ;3fpg'k5{ . /, csf]{ s'/f ;+;f/e/L 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLn] klg g]kfnsf] lbuf] zflGtsf nflu P]Soj4tf hgfpg'k5{ .
k|jf;L g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g Non-Resident Nepali Association -Pgcf/Pg_ sf] ;+u7g ug]{x?n] tTsfnLg cfly{s :jfy{ a9L x]/]sf 5g\ eg] Tof] gul/sg j[xt cGt/f{li6|o Pstf g]kfnL hfltotf / To;sf nflu xfdLn] sf]lz; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . h'g;'s} b]zsf g]kfnLx? x'g\ xfdL Ps xf}+ /fli6|otfsf nflu df]x a9fpg / h'g;'s} b]zdf a;] klg Tof] b]zsf] sfg'g k|of]u ul/sg clwstd cj;/ lnOsg g]kfnL ;d'bfo / b]zsf] uf}/j a9fpg'k5{ . ;+;f/sf] h'g;'s} s'gfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL hflt s;}sf] lyrf]ldrf]df gk?g\ ;a} g]kfnL ;d'bfon] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf nflu uf}/jsf] nflu P]Soj4tf hgfpg\ eGg] ;'e]Iff /fVb5' .

[Mr. Bishnu Karki recently returned from Nepal with his family member after they were forced to flee their village by the Maoists. Nepalipost.com interviewed Mr. Karki about the situation in Nepal. Mr Karki was also an active Member of Nepal Tarun Dal from 1990-1997.]

Nepalipost.com: Please give us the update of the situation in Nepal?
As you know the country is struggling with the insurgency since 1996, things are deteriorating day by day. Sometimes for a brief period of time people become hopeful about the negotiations but these too have failed couple of times already. There is a grave danger and real chance that Nepal might turn into a failed state.

Nepalipost.com: What happened to your family?
As you know living with extended family is a common practice in Nepal. My two sons and spouse were living in my parents. We had wholesale clothing store that have been operating for over 30 years and serving the needs of the community. Maoists had asked for Rs 500,000 of donation from my father who refused to fund their terrorist activities. They classified us as class enemies and decided to attack. On May 25, 2003 they looted, vandalized and completely destroyed the business. According to police their mission was to kill our family members as well. So our family had to flee to Kathmandu to survive. After I traveled to Kathmandu I found out that even Kathmandu was not as safe as I considered because of the infiltration of the Maoists who had earlier managed to kill the Head of the Police in early morning hours.

Nepalipost.com: What are some of the changes that you noticed in your village?
I was born in Birendranagar, Surkhet. Western part of Nepal has historically been neglected by the government thus have become the hot bed of the Maoist insurgency. There has been a lot of internal migration towards Birendra Nagar from neighboring districts like Jajarkot, Dailekh, Dang, Salyan, Banke, Accham, Bardiya, Kalikot, Bhajang and Rolpa. Many of those fleeing are children, youth and women. Children and Youth have been abducted in hundreds and are taken to Maoist camps where they are brainwashed to bear arms and turn them into child soldiers. Women are abducted to assist Maoist in their labor camps for cooking and carrying chores. Unfortunately even their new place of migration is not safe anymore because Birendranagar has also come under attack. My family's own shop, that had served the community for over 30 years was looted and ruined. Even my own family had to flee to survive as the Maoists were in a mission to exterminate their class enemy. There is a total ban on sale of alcohol, playing cards and any forms of real estate transaction. Once they manage to successfully displace a village using scare tactics or by killing them, the Maoists occupy the land and convert them to common property. In summary I can say there is gross violation of the Human Rights situation at a catastrophic level and the International Community must step in.

Nepalipost.com: What is the security situation like in general?
The government has expanded the troop level from 40,000 to 70,000. It has also hired more Armed Police to defend the country. Still this amount of troop level is not sufficient to secured all the vital infrastructures and provide security to the protection. While in Surkhet I was advised by the police to take care of myself as they were busy fighting the insurgency and did not have resource to defend or provide protection to the public. Maoists and intellectuals have warned that the country is moving towards militarization and further warned that this would simply prolong the war.

Nepalipost.com: What roles are people/Maoists expecting from the expatriate or those residing abroad?
The general population wants those living abroad to raise the voice and bring attention of the International Organizations like UN, Amnesty International and Red Cross to pressure both sides to come to the negotiating table. Maoists wants those residing abroad to return back and join their class struggle and participate in their glorious revolution. They want people to support the revolution financially and expose in media on their success stories. Many students returning to Nepal for Holidays from the West have been abducted and taken to jungle to explain to them what they are doing. Few have been asked to donate laptops and cell phones and make financial contributions. There are media reporting that those who have not complied have been detained for a longer duration and physically tortured.

Nepalipost.com: What do you see the role of Royal Nepal Army (RNA) in resolving the crisis?
As you know the King himself heads the RNA so basically it is upto the King to create a climate of Peace talk. People fear more of RNA atrocities sometimes because of their known gross human rights violation. People are so confused as to which side really protects them, which is unfortunate. Countries like the United States, UK, India and Belgium which are providing arms to RNA must make it very clear to them that their soldiers abide by Geneva Convention while dealing with the prisoners and train them in understanding the human rights. Portion of the military support must go towards educating the soldiers about the urgent need for respecting the basic human rights of the citizens.

Nepalipost.com: Any solution you see for this crisis?
Every major war or struggle in the history has ended with a strokes of pen not of the gun or sword. Sooner we realize that negotiations is the only way out of this catch-22 situation the better it is for the long term stability of Nepal.

æz/0ffyL{x?aLrdf Pstf gePsfn] ef/tLo ;/sf/n] e"6fgL ;d:ofnfO{ dxTj glbPsf] xf]Æ

6f]ds'df/ clwsf/L
l8;]Da/ !*, @))$

-e"6fgL o'jf g]tf 6f]ds'df/ clwsf/L 8|'s g]zgn s+u|];sf] dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5 . lbNnLl:yt e"6fg sNof0f ;ldltsf ;+of]hssf ?kdf lrlgg'ePsf clwsf/L e"6fgaf6 v]lbPkl5 e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] Gofosf nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfd ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] ef/t /f]tsl:yt Ps ljZjljBfnoaf6 sfg'g ljifodf PnPnaL ;Sg'ePsf] 5 . o'jf g]tf clwsf/L s]xL ;docl3 cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] lgdGq0ffdf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6|o hutdf cjut u/fpg] p2]Zon] cd]l/sf cfpg'x'Fbf g]kfnL kf]i6;Fu ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . xfn pxfF z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ o'/f]kdf ;d]t k|rf/ ug]{ qmddf o'/f]lkog o'lgog nufotsf ljleGg kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ e]6 ug]{ qmddf o'/f]klt/ k'Ug'ePsf] 5 ._

cd]l/sf s]sf] lznlznfdf cfOk'Ug'ePsf] xf] <
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] lgDtfdf oxfF cfOk'u]sf] x'F . d oxfF cfP/ oxfFsf ljleGg lgsfo;Fu e'6fgL cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u ug{ ;d]t cfu| ub}{ cfPsf] 5' .

tkfO{+x?sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff s:tf] /x]sf] 5 t <
cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] e"6fgk|ltsf] wf/0ff x]g]{ xf] eg] cd]l/sfsf] e"6fgdf s'g} b"tfaf; 5}g . cd]l/sfsf] e"6fg;Fu s'g} k|ToIf ;DaGw /x]sf] b]lvb}g . e"6fg;Fusf] ;DaGw ef/tdf /x]sf] cd]l/sL b"tfaf;n] g} x]g{] u5{ . cd]l/sfn] rfxG5 ls e"6fgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg xf];\ / z/0ffyL{x? hlt aflx/ 5g\ ltgLx? kmls{P/ cfkm\gf] b]z hfg ;s'g\ eGg] 5 . t/ xfd|f hlt Ps nfveGbf a9L z/0ffyL{x? e"6fg aflx/ 5g\ ltgLx? ;a} e"6fg kmls{P/ hfpg\ eGg] rfxgf cd]l/sfsf] 5}g ls h:tf] nfU5 h:tf] b'O{rf/ xhf/ hf] e"6fg hfFbf ;d:of x'G5 To:tf dfG5]n] eg] e"6fg ghfpg\ ls eGg] h:tf] cd]l/sfsf] wf/0ff 5 eGg] nfU5 .

e"6fgaf6 v]lbPsf z/0ffyL{x?sf nflu oxfFx?sf] kf6L{n] cfufdL lbgdf s] s:tf] sfo{qmd Nofpg nflu/x]sf] 5 t <
hxfF;Dd sfo{qmdsf] s'/f 5 xfdLn] ;g\ !((% df e"6fgd} krf{kDKn]l6ª u¥of}+ . To;kl5 cfP/ ;g\ !((& lt/ cfx'/f e"6fgn] u¥of] . To;kl5 ;g\ !((* lt/ e"6fgleq} klg xfdLn] k|b{zg u¥of}+ . h'g xfd|f] cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g e"6fg k'u]sf lyP ltgLx?nfO{ e"6fg ;/sf/n] s'6]/ lk6]/ ef/tLo ;Ldf If]q ho ufpFsf k|x/Lx?nfO{ k};f VjfP/ cfGbf]ngsf/Lx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf If]qdf km\ofFlslbof] . e"6fgdf s'g} sfo{qmd ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] eO/x]sf] 5}g . / klg xfdL Pp6f /fli6|o kf6L{ ePsfn] ubf{ e"6fge/L cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd ug]{ ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ . of] kf6L{sf] cWoIf ;frf]{k hfltsf] ePsf] x'gfn] Tof] hfltsf] klg xfdLnfO{ ;dy{g 5 . xfdLnfO{ gfn'ª hfltx? Hff] e"6fgsf] zf;s ju{df 5 ltgLx? Klg xfd|f] kf6L{df ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . blIf0f e"6fgsf t ltg} hfltsf nflu xfd|f] cfGbf]ng ePsfn] pgLx? klg xfd|f] kf6L{df 5g\ . e"6fge/L klxn] kDKn]l6ª u/]/ hgtfx?df cfGbf]ngk|lt r]tgf hufpg] sfd xfdLn] ug]{ sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
e"6fg ;/sf/n] clxn] Pp6f ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ul//x]sf] 5 Tof] cfpg] ljlQs} xfdLn] hghfu/0fsf] sfo{qmd ug]{ ;f]rfOdf /x]sf 5f}+ .

tkfO{+ Pp6f sfg'gsf] ljBfyL{sf gftfn] x]bf{ e"6fgdf cfpg nfu]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgn] s;/L ;d]6\b} 5 t hgtfx?nfO{ <
e"6fg ;/sf/sf] ;f]rfO blIf0f e"6fgLx?nfO{ d'Vo wf/df gNofP/ vfnL ;frf]{k / gfn'ª hfltnfO{ dfq ;d]6]/ Tof] ;+ljwfg d:of}bf sld6L agfPsf] b]lvG5 . h'g sld6LnfO{ x]bf{ klg yfxf x'G5, h:tf] #( hgfsf] sld6Ldf Pp6f klg blIf0fL e"6fgL 5}g . of] nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sg ;Sb}g . lsgsL blIf0f e"6fgdf hg;+Vofsf] $# k|ltztnfO{ of] ;+ljfwfg d:of}bfdf ;lDdlnt gu/fPsf]n] ubf{ klg of] l6Sg ;Sb}g .

tTsfn e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpg] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
tTsfn cfpg] b]lVbg . Ps ;fncl3 e"6fgn] cfkm\gf] 5 ;b:oLo sfplG;nnfO{ a9fP/ bz hgfsf] agfof] o;n] ubf{ klg xfdLn] cfpg] rf/ ;fnsf] aLrdf s]xL z/0ffyL{ kmsf{pg ;Sof}+ eg] rf/ ;fnkl5sf] lgjf{rgdf e"6fgdf k|hftGq cfpg ;S5 ls eGg] nfU5 .
e"6fgn] h'g clxn] lgjf{rg sfg'g klg n]Vg ;ls;s]sf]5 Tof] nfu" u/\of] eg] / xfdLn] blIf0f e"6fgleq xfd|f z/0ffyL{x?nfO{ leq l5/fpg ;Sof}+ eg] k|hftflGqs Joj:yf e"6fgleq cfpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf w]/} 5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{ lbNnLaf6} rn]sf] 5 . ef/tLo g]tf?sf] e"6fgL z/0ffyL{k|lt s:tf] wf/0ff kfpg'ePsf] 5 t clxn];Dddf <
xf] xfd|f] d'Vo clkm; lbNnLdf 5 . xfdLn] ef/tLo a'l4hLjLx?;dIf uP/ ef/tLo /fhgLlt1x?dfkm{t\ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ bzf{pg] sfd xfdLn] ul/x]sf 5f}+ . lbNnLdf 8|'s g]zg kf6L{n] k|ToIf sfd ug{ uf/f] kg]{ ePsfn] xfdLn] O08f] e"6fg k|m]08;Lk ;f];fO6L eg]/ vf]n]/ To;sf] dfkm{t\ klg cfkm\gf s'/fx? /flv/x]sf 5f}+ . o;sf] ;efklt ef/tLo g]tf ;Tok|sfz x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] ;a}nfO{ kq n]v]/ bjfj lbg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ klg xfd|f s'/fx? Eff/t;/sf/n] /fd|f];Fu x]/]sf] 5}g .

ef/tn] of] ;d:ofk|lt vf;} rf;f] glbg'df s] xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 <
rf;f] gePsf] x}g rf;f] t 5 . ef/taf6 ;do ;dodf cfkm\gf] k//fi6| ;lrj k7fP/ s] eO/x]sf] 5 lalk|mª ul//xg] sfd ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf klg z/0ffyL{x?n] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbO/x]sf 5g\ To;af/] klg rf;f] eg] ef/tn] /flv/x]sf] 5 . t/ d2t ug{ hfFb}g . lsgsL pgLx?sf] ;fgf]ltgf] OG6/]i6 5 pgLx/sf] . To;df klg xfdL z/0ffyL{x?aLrdf klg /fd|f] Pstf gePsfn] ubf{ klg ef/tLo ;/sf/n] xfd|f] ;d:ofnfO{ dxTj glbPsf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 .

tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{ / 6]sgfy l/hfnsf] ;DaGw s:tf] /x]sf] 5 t <
6]sgfy l/hfnhL ;g\ !(((df l/xf ePkl5 s]xL ;do e"6fgd} a:g] sf]lz; ug'{eof] ToxfF a:g g;s]kl5 pxfF l;nLu'9L cfpg'eof] ToxfFaf6 lbNnL cfPkl5 xfdLn] g} pxfFnfO{ ef/tLo g]tf tyf ef/tLo j'l4hLjLx?;Fu e]63f6 u/fPsf xf}+ . xfdL;Fu ;DaGw Psbd} /fd|f] 5 . pxfFsf] g]t[Tjdf g} z/0ffyL{x? e"6fg kmlsP/ hfg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] klg dfGotf /x]sf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{x?aLr h'6\g'df eGbf km'6\gdf cufl8 x'g'x'G5 lg <
8|'s g]zgn s+u|]; ljefhg gx'g'kg]{ lyof] eof] . o;/L ljefh u/fOg'df klg cfcfkm\g} e]i6]8 OG6/]i6n] ubf{ klg o:tf] ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] o:tf e]i6]8 OG6/]i6 /fVg]x?nfO{ lsgf/f /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ljefhg ePsf sf/0fn] ef/tdf ;d]t g]tfx?;Fu e]6\g hfFbf xfd|f ;d:ofsf s'/f lnP/ hfFbf klg xfdLnfO{ ldn]/ cfpg' eg]/ eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . of] xfd|f] nflu klg b"ef{Uo g} xf] .

;a} ;d]l6g ;Sg] ;+efjgf sltsf] b]Vg'x'G5 <
xfd|f] ;a}sf] Pp6} uf]n xf] b]z kmls{g] . To;sf sf/0f o;sf nflu xfdL z/0ffyL{ h;/L ljeflht ePsf 5f}+ oL ;a} Pp6} 7fpFdf ;d]l6g s'g} uf/f] s'/f] 5}g .
;a};Fu a;]/ sfd ug{ uf/f] klg x'G5 Pp6fn] Pp6flt/ tfG5 csf]{n] csf]{lt/ To;}n] ubf{ xfd|f] 8|'s g]zg s+u|];nfO{ klg clnslt cK7]/f] kl//x]sf] 5 . / klg z/0ffyL{x? Ps l9Ssf ePsf v08df xfd|f] k"0f{ ;dy{g /xG5 .

tkfO{x?sf] kf6L{n] klxn] klg e'6fgleq uP/ cfGbf]ng ul/;Sg'ePsf] eGg'eof] ca k'gM leq uP/} cfGbf]ng ug]{ ;+efjgf sltsf] 5 t <
clxn] b'O{ rf/ dlxgf t e"6fgleq uP/ cfGbf]ng ul/xfNg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . ef/tsf] r'gfjsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg xf] . ef/tdf gofF ;/sf/ cfPkl5 / e"6fgdf cfpg nfu]sf] gofF ;+ljwfgnfO{ x]/]/ xfdL e'6fgdf cfGbf]ng ug]{ ;f]rfOdf 5f}+ .

lbNnLdf a;]/ g]kfndf /x]sf] z/0ffyL{x?sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 ls 5}g <
cK7]/f] t k/]sf] 5 . To;f] t cfkm\gf] b]zd} a;]/ cfGbf]ng ug'{kg]{ lyof] . b]zaf6 aflx/ lg:sg'g} xfd|f] 7"nf] uNtL eof] . To;f] t xfdL cfkm\gf] v'zLn] t lgl:sPsf x}gf} xfdLnfO{ e"6fgaf6 nv]6]sf] xf] . lbNnLdf hxfF;Dd xfdLn] cfkm\gf] clkm; agfPsf 5f}+ . xfd|f cWoIf /f]ªyf]ª lsGn]nfO{ hxfF;Dd ef/t ;/sf/n] y'g]/ lbNnLb]lv aflx/ hfg glbg' ugf{n] klg xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ w]/} c;/ k/]sf] 5 pxfFnfO{ ef/te/L 3'Dg hfg lbg' xf] eg] klg w]/} g} /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .

pxfFnfO{ ef/tn] lu/km\tf/ lsg u¥of] t <
pxfFnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug{sf] sf/0f e"6fg ;/sf/sf sf/0fn] xf] . pxfF ;f/rf]kd"nsf] dfG5] ePsfn] pxfF lbNnL cfpFbf pxfF;Fu 6|fen 8s'd]G6 5}g eg]/ pxfFnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] xf] . t/ e"6fgaf6 lbNnL cfpFbf s'g} 6|fen 8s'd]G6 rflx+b}g eGg] s'/f kl5 lbNnLn] ;'wf¥of] / k'gM e"6fgn] pxfFnfO{ klxn] Jofkf/ ubf{ e"6fg ;/sf/af6 C0f n]gb]gsf af/]df bz aL; jif{cl3sf] sfuh e"6fg ;/sf/n] NofP/ pxfFnfO{ clxn] gePsf] d'2f nufO/x]sf] 5 .
h:tf] e"6fgsf] sfg'gdf C0f n]gb]gsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ Tof] 36gf ePsf] Ps ;ftfleq} e"6fgsf] cbfntdf hfg'kg]{ 5 . aL; ;fn x'Fb} gePsf] s'/f ;/sf/n] rfh{ nufPsf] dfq xf] .

e"6fg / g]kfnaLrsf] jftf{nfO{ s;/L x]g'{ePsf] 5 <
jftf{ x'g} kg]{ xf] . h'g klxn] jftf{ z'? eof] /fd|} x'Fb} lyof] . Tof] ljufg]{ sfd z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] e"6fg uP/ rf/ ju{df ljeflht u/]/ u/] . of] b'O6f b]z dfq} a;]/ jftf{ u/]/ dfq of] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] b]lvb}g . g]kfndf cfkm\g} dfcf]jfbL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eg] csf{sf] b]zsf] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5 . ;d:ofdfly /fd|f];Fu cWoog g} gu/]kl5 s;/L ;d:of ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;S5 Tof] b]zn] <
cem} jftf{ ubf{ klg e"6fg ;/sf/s} nflu kmfObf x'g]b]lvG5 . xfd|f] rfxgf s] 5 eg] t];|f] kIfnfO{ klg lnP/ of] jftf{ ul/g'k5{ .

e"6fgdf klg dfcf]jfbL tfTg yfn]sf] ;dfrf/ 5 lg <
e"6fg eg]sf] Pp6f ;fgf] b]z To;df klg ef/tLo ;}lgsx?;d]t e"6fgleq} 5g\ . g]kfndf h:tf] ;lhnf] 5}g . e"6fgleqsf] hg;+Vof klg Hofb} sd ePsfn] ubf{ Tolt ;lhnf] t 5}g ToxL klg u5'{ eGbf ug}{ g;lsg] eg] xf]Og .

e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x? klg ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf k'u]sf 5g\ pgLx?nfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 <
;+;f/sf h'g;'s} s'gfdf k'u] klg pxfFx?n] z/0ffyL{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpFg'x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ?kn] hxfF eP klg cfkm\gf] b]z lkmtf{ x'g] s'/fdf pxfFx?sf] ;dy{g clxn];Dd /xFb} cfPsf] kfPsf] 5' / cfpg] lbgdf klg cd]l/sf nufotsf cGo d'n'sdf /x]sf z/0ffyL{ ;fyLx?n] ef]ln cfkm\gf] b]zdf kms{gsf nflu oxfF a;]/ klg g}lts tyf cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{x'g]5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .

z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofnfO{ g]kfnL ;dfrf/dfWodx?n] s;/L x]/]sf 5g\ eGg] nfU5 <
z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnL ;dfrf/ dfWodx?n] /fd|f] /f]n v]lnlbO/x]sf 5g\ . hxfF;Dd cGo ljb]zL ;dfrf/dfWodx? 5g\ Totflt/ eg] xfd|f] ;d:ofk|lt vf;} rf;f] hfg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . xfdLn] l7s 7fpFdf uP/ l7s s'/f /fVg ;s]sf 5|}gf} o;n] ubf{ klg xfd|f] cfGbf]ng cufl8 al9/xg ;s]sf] 5}g .
e"6fg ;/sf/n] z/0ffyL{x?sf af/]df aflx/ b]zdf b'Zk|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 .

"b]z k|]d s] xf] k|jf;df a:bf yfxf x'G5"

sl/Zdf
l8;]Da/ !%, @))$

g]kfnsf] rnlrq hutdf em08} 8]9 bzsb]lv pTs[i6 clego u/]/ bz{sx? dfem cfkm\gf] 5ljnfO{ lzv/df k'¥ofpg ;kmn gflosf sl/Zdf dfgGw/ clxn] cd]l/sfdf a:b} cfPsL l5g\ . xfn} pgnfO{ cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] c;fwf/0f k|ltefsf] x}l;otn] oxfFsf] :yfoL a;f]af; ug{ kfpg] lu|g sf8{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . oxL l8;]Da/ !$ df g]kfn kmls{g] tof/L ul//x]sL gflosf sl/Zdf cfkm"n] k'gM cfkm\gf] clego / rnlrq lgdf{0fsf] ofqfnfO{ z'? ug]{ ljrf/ JoQm ul5{g . k|:t't 5 cd]l/sfsf] aflN6df]/df /xg' ePsf kqsf/ s[i0f sF8]nn] g]kfnL kf]i6sf nflu gflosf sl/Zdf;Fu ug'{ ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k .

g]kfnLkf]i6M rnlrq ofqf slxn]b]lv z'? ug'{ ePsf] lyof] <
sl/ZdfM k|sfz yfkfsf] ";Gtfg" b]lv d}n] clego ug{ z'? u/]sL lyPF . ljt]sf s/Lj !& jif{;Dd d]/f] clego ofqf cufl8 al9/x\of] . bz{sx?sf] dfof, ;xof]u / ;dy{gn] ubf{ d}n] o;jLrdf ;kmntfsf w]/} l;+9Lx? r9\g ;kmn ePF . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf d}n] s]xL rnlrqx? lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg u/]+ . cj d rnlrq pBf]uaf6 cnu x'g' ;lSbg h:tf] nfU5 .

g]kfnLkf]i6M xfn tkfO{ cd]l/sfdf x'g'x'G5 . o; a;fOdf s] cg'ej xfl;n ug'{ eof] <
sl/ZdfM g]kfndf a;]/ cd]l/sfnfO{ x]g]{ cfFvf / oxfF a;]/ cfkm}+n] u/]sf] jf:tljs hLjgsf] cg'ejjLrdf w]/} cGt/ x'Fbf] /x]5 . jf:tjdf b]z k|]d s] xf] ljb]zdf a:bf yfxf x'G5 . clegosf] kbf{df t w]/} lj5f]8 / ldngsf b'Mv Pj+ v'zLsf cg'ejx? d}n] u/]sL lyPF t/ oxfF a:bf kl/jf/;Fu lj5f]l8Psf] kL8f s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5 eg]/ yfxf eof] . lgrf]8df eGg' kbf{ Pp6f JolQmut hLjgsf] Jojxfl/s jf:tljstf / kbf{df ;lhPsf] agfj6L hLjgjLrsf] cGt/nfO{ d}n] glhsaf6 s]nfpg] df}sf kfPF . ;fgf] 7"nf] lsg gxf];\ sfdsf] ;jf]{kl/ pTs[i6 ;Ddfg ul/g] o; 7fpFdf sfd gug]{ / s'/f dfq u/]/ ;do sf6\g]x?sf] cl:tTj g/xg] /x]5 . oxfFsf] ;dfhaf6 sfd / ;dosf] dxTj a'em\g] df}sf dnfO{ ldNof] h;sf] sf/0f d cfkm" klg klxnf g]kfn a;]sf] gflosf sl/Zdf h:tf] geP/ c? g]kfnL h:t} ;fwf/0f gful/s sl/Zdf ag]sL 5' .

g]kfnLkf]i6M cd]l/sf a;]/ slt k};f sdfpg' eof] t <
sl/ZdfM vf;df d nfdf] clego ofqfaf6 ysfO{ nfu]/ s]xL ;dosf] nflu a|]s u/f}+ eGg] ;f]r]/ cd]l/sf cfPsL lyPF . t/ kz'kltsf] ofqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/ eg] h:tf] oxfF u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf a:g d}n] rflx+g / lu|g sf8{sf] k|lqmof rnfPF . of] k|lqmof ;lsg] ;do;Dd d}n] ;do sf6\g] / jfFRg ;Sg] af6f] ug{sf] nflu oxfF sfd klg u/]+ . k};f sdfpg] p2]Zon] cd]l/sf cfPsf] klg xf]Og / To; ;f]rfOn] sfd klg u/]sf] xf]Og . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] d}n] oxfF eGbf g]kfnd} /fd|f] k};f sdfpg ;Sg] lyPF .

g]kfnLkf]i6M kl/jf/af6 6f9f a:bf ;fFlRrs} s:tf] nfUbf] /x]5 <
sl/ZdfM hLjg g} ck"/f] h:tf] . ljb]zdf a:g] ;j}sf] hLjg Ps ;}lgs hLjg h:t} xf] . Ps p2]Zok"/f gx'Gh]n 3/ kmls{g ;ls+b}g . t/ ;fydf s'g} p2]Zo 5 eg] ;do ljtfpg ufx|f] klg kb}{g . d]/f] klgjf/sf] 7"nf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf] sf/0fn] d}n] l;g] hutdf w]/} ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ePF . clxn] 5f]/L / >Ldfg ljgf]bnfO{ d}n] lgs} ld; u/]sf] dx;"; ul//x]sL 5' . t/ s]xL lbgd} e]6\g g]kfn hfg nfu]sf] x'Fbf v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .

g]kfnLkf]i6M g]kfn kms]{kl5 l;g] If]qdf s] ug]{ of]hgf agfpg' ePsf] 5 < s'g} cw'/f sfdx? klg afFsL 5g\ ls <
sl/ZdfM klxnf s]xL ;do cd]l/sf a:g] eg]/} otf nfu]sf] x'Fbf d}n] ;s];Dd cw'/f sfdx? ;s]/ lx+8]sf] lyPF . k'mnsf] y'Fuf eGg] rnlrqsf] eg] s]xL ;'l6ª afFsL lyof], To;nfO{ ;Sg] k|of; ug]{ 5' . cfkm\g} lgdf{0fdf t'?Gt} gofF lkmNd agfpg] ;f]rfO t d}n] u/]sf] 5}g t/ cd]l/sfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx?sf] hLjg k2ltnfO{ d"n syfa:t' agfP/ gofF 6]lnl;l/on lgdf{0fsf] sfd eg] rfF8} z'? ug]{ ;f]rfO{ d}n] agfPsL 5' . d oxfF s] s'/f k|i6 kfg{ rfxG5' eg] c? lgdf{tfx?n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] v08df d clego ug{ tof/ 5' t/ cfkm}n] agfPsf] rnlrqdf eg] d clego ulb{g .

g]kfnLkf]i6M cd]l/sfdf a;]sf c? snfsf/x?nfO{ klg tkfOn] e]6\g' eof] < pgLx? s] ub}{ /x]5g\ t <
sl/ZdfM d}n] oxfF ;/f]h vgfn, hoGtLdfnf vgfn, s[i6L d}gfnL, ;'j0f{hL, ;'lgn pk|]tL, /fhf /fd kf}8]n, ;f/+uf >]i7;Fu e]6]+ . o;} u/L l;g] If]qsf w]/} Sofd]/fDofgx? / 6]lSgl;ogx? klg d}n] e]6]+ . pxfFx? cfcfkm\g} JolQmut l:yltaf6 u'lh|/xg' ePsf] d}n] kfPF . pxfFx? obfsbf oxfF x'g] u/]sf sfo{qmdx?df dfq ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] d}n] kfPF . pxfFx? ;lqmo eP/ sfd ug]{ xf] eg] pxfFx?sf] snfsfl/tf lhpb} 5 . w]/} ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . xfn} ;/f]hhL ;Fu Ps gf6sdf v]Ng]\ df}sf kfPsL lyPF . pxfFn] d]/f] eGbf w]/} g} /fd|f] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ ePsf] b]Vbf pxfFleqsf] snfsfl/tf cem} k|v/ / tfhf /x]5 eGg] cg'e"lt eof] .

g]kfnLkf]i6M Pp6f a]Un} k|;+u-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] tkfO{sf rnlrqx?nfO{ l;nu9L;Dd cfP/ x]g]{ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ g]kfnL kqklqsfx?df s]xL ;do cl3 k|sflzt x'Fbf l;g] hut ;fy} g]kfnL /fhgLlts If]qdf ;d]t lgs} rlr{t k|;+u ag]sf] lyof] < tkfO{ k|r08hLnfO{ s] eGg rfxg' x'G5 <
sl/ZdfM k|r08hL Pp6f /fhgLlts g]tf x'g'x'G5 t/ Tof] eGbf klg klxn] pxfF Ps g]kfnL gful/s . dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ dgf]/~hg, ;f}Gbo{, jftfj/0f w]/} s'/fx?n] k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] k|efj k|r08hLdf klg kg'{ c:jefljs xf]Og . of] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] eg] d snfsf/sf] gftfn] bz{ssf] ?kdf k|r08hLnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5', d]/f lkmNdx? dg k/fOlbg' ePsf]df . ;fy} at{dfg ;dodf rfx] ljb]zdf a:g] x'g jf :jb]zdf ;j} g]kfnLsf] rfxgf b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf xf];\ eGg] /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnLkf]i6 dfkm{t d ;j} ;Dj4 kIfnfO{ oyfzL3| zflGt sfod u/fpg] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g cg'/f]w ub{5' .

xfdLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] n8fOF :yfoL zflGtsf lgldQ xf

k|jQmf s=s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
l8;]Da/ )^, @))$

kf}if d;fGt;Ddsf] ;do tf]s]/ b]pjf ;/sf/n] tkfO{x?nfO{ jftf{df af]nfPsf] 5 . s] of] l:yltdf tkfO{x? jftf{df hfg ;Sg'x'G5 <
jftf{ eg]sf] /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . To;sf] lgldQ ;do;Ldf tf]Sg' eg]sf] t wDsL lbg' jf r]tfjgLsf] efiff xf] . o;sf/0f ;/sf/n] clxn] ;do;Ldf tf]s]/ h'g lsl;dsf] jftf{sf] s'/f ul//x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ xfdLn] r]tfjgL / wDsLsf] ?kdf a'em]sf 5f} . of] OdfGbfl/tf / ulDe/tfk"j{s jftf{ / /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] lgldQ ;f]r]/ NofPs]f k|:tfj h:tf] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g a? o;sf k5fl8 tyfslyt r'gfj / r'gfjsf] cfj/0fleq o'4sf] wDsL xf] eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f} . To:tf] jftf{df xfdL ;xefuL x'g] k|Zg g} p7\b}g . o;af/] xfd|f] kf6L{sf cWoIf sd/]8 k|r08n] jQmJo dfkm{t o:tf] jftf{sf] clknsf] jf:tljstf s] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] hjfkm jftf{df af]nfpg' xfd|f] wDsL xf] lbO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .

s]lx lbg cufl8 dfq} ;/sfsf k|jQmf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;gn] ;do l;df tf]s]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Og, of] xfd|f] jfWotf xf] eg]/ eGg' ePsf] 5 t <
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg] ;jfndf, g]kfndf Pp6f k|hftflGqs k|lqmof jxfnL ug]{ s'/fdf s:tf] jfWotf /x\of] pgnfO{ < ;/sf/ s:sf] jfWotfn] rln/x]sf] 5 < g]kfnL hgtfsf] OR5f / rfxgf cg';f/ rN5 jf c? s'g} s;}sf] jfWotfdf < Tolx+g]/ xfdLn] ;xh} s] cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f} eg] ;/sf/ cfkm} ;Ifd 5}g / cfkm} clwsf/ ;DkGg 5}g . s]xL ug{ sf] nflu p s;}sf] jfWotfdf aflwO{ /x]sf] 5 . of t p b]zleqsf] /fhf / ;}lgs hg/nx?sf] OR5feGbf aflx/ hfg} ;Sb}g, p;sf] cfb]zsf] kfngf ul//x]sf] 5, oft csf]{ j}b]lzs zlQmx? ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf] Ozf/fdf p;n] o;f] ul//fv]sf] 5 . of] t p;n] k|i6 kfg'{ k¥of] lg < k|i6 s] 5 t eGbf ;/sf/ cfTdlge{/ eP/ :jtGq eP/ lg0f{o lng ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . o;sf/0f j}b]lzs zlQm Pp6f ;fd|fHojfb, csf]{ lj:tf/jfbsf] Ozf/f / b]zleq ltgsf] bnfn /fhf / zfxL ;]gfsf hg/nx?sf] Ozf/fdf ;/sf/n] o:tf] sfd ul//fv]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ xfn}sf] jftf{ clkn /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] lglDt ulDe/tfk"j{s / :jtGq 9+un] ul/Psf] lg0f{o geO{ of] t jftf{sf] /fhg}lts cfj/0fdf eo+s/ o'4sf] tof/L cyjf eo+s/ o'4lt/ b]znfO{ 8f]/\ofpg vf]h]sf] emg :ki6 ;+s]t ePg / <

jftf{sf] nflu b]pjf ;/sf/sf] cfX\jfgnfO{ tkfO{x?n] cd"t{ / wlDsk"0f{ eGg] xf] eg] s:tf] vfnsf] jftfj/0f aGof] eg] tkfO{x? jftf{df hfg'x'G5 <
To;nfO{ rflx+ xfdLn] cd'{t lsg eGof} eg] of] jftf{ eg]/ dfq} x'b}g . jftf{sf] lgldQ ulDe/tf, OdfGbfl/tf h?/L s'/f xf] . o;sf] klxnf] kf6f] eg]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ k'/fgf] ;Qfleqsf hlt klg zlQmx? 5g\, g]kfnsf] ljb|f]xL zlQm h;n] gf}+ jif{] o'4af6 k}bf u/]sf] gofF a:t'l:ylt, gofF Pp6f zlQm, o;df :ki6 x'g'k/\of] . o;nfO{ j'‰g] dfdnfdf, o;nfO{ b]Vg] dfdnfdf pgLx?sf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f x'g'k¥of] . clxn] klg pgLx?n] o;jf/] ls t b[li6sf]0f g} agfPsf 5}gg\, bf]>f] s'/f b[li6sf]0f agfPsfx?sf] klg Ps?ktf 5}g . pgLx? cfkm} aflem/fv]sf 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f rflx g]kfnsf] a:t'l:yltsf] d'NofÍg ug]{ s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ pgLx?n] pN6f] cf/f]k nufO/fv]sf 5g\ .
xfdL eG5f} pgLx? x/]s k|sf/sf] dgf]ut / cTdf/lt ul//fv]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] l:ylt eg]sf] clxn] :ki6t 7"nf] ;+Vof, b]zsf] 7"nf] e'-efu sl/a *)k|ltzt e'-efu g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjdf gofF hg;Qfåf/f ;~rflnt eO/x]sf] l:ylt xf] . / k'/fgf] ;Qf zx/df v'lDr/x]sf] l:ylt xf] . :ki6tM b'O{j6f ;Qfx? oxfF 5g\ . b'O{j6f ;Qfsf] 4G4 / 6s/fj cfhsf] ljz]iftf xf] . o:tf] l:yltdf of] l:yltnfO{ pgLx?n] cfTdf;fy ug]{ ls gug]{ < ha of] l:yltsf] cfTd;fy ug{ ;S5g eg] dfq s] ug{ ;lsG5 t eGbfv]/L gofF lgsf;sf] 9f]sf v'N5 . Tof] gofF lgsf;sf] lglDt s] x'g] t < /fhg}lts nIo s] x'g] < xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t\ cufl8 a9\g] s'/f:ki6t /flv;s]sf 5f} . To;}n] dWo:ystf{sf] ?kdf o:tf] 4}b ;Qfsf] l:yltdf cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ystf{sf] cfjZostf kg]{ elg g} /fv]sf 5f} . o;af/] ;+ljwfg;efåf/f cu|ufld lgsf; ug]{ s'/f / o;sf] lgldQ cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ytf /fVg] s'/fdf ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/ jl/kl/sf kf6L{x? cyjf zlQmx? :ki6 b[li6sf]0fljlxg 5g . ha o:tf] l:ylt x'G5 eg] b[li6sf]0fljlxg cj:yfsf] jftf{ x'G5, Tof] jftf{ cd'{t jftf{ xf] To:tf] cd'{t jftf{sf] s'g} cy{ x'b}g . Tof] xf]xNnf dfq} xf] / To; leqsf] ;f/ cs}{ x'G5 . g xfdLn] o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{ eg]sf xf} . o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{n] jf:tljs cy{sf] jftf{ x'b}g / o:tf] cd"t{ jftf{sf] l;df cjlw tf]Sg' of] wDsL xf], of] r]tfjgL xf] .

tkfO{+x?sf cWoIf k|r08n] oxL d+l;/ !@ ut] hf/L u/]sf] jQmJodf /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ / zflGt jftf{sf] s'g} 7f]; jftfj/0f ljgf g} cfx\jfg ul/Psf] of] jftf{sf] clknf cd"t{ / wlDsk'0f{ ePsf] jtfpg'ePsf] 5 . tkfO{x?n] rfxg'ePsf] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ / zflGtjftf{sf] 7f]; jftfj/0f eGgfn] stf O+lut ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] xf] <
d}n], cl3 g} elg;s] /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] 7f]; cfwf/ jf/] . o;df ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk csf]{ s]xL klg 5}g . cfh k"/f b]z ;fdGtL clwgfosjfbsf] lj?4df k|hftflGqs u0ftGqsf] wf/df v8fePsf] 5 . jx';+Vos hgtf o; wf/sf] kIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . cfGbf]ng/t zlQmx?df klg /fhg}lts kf6L{sf jx';+Vos g]tf / sfo{stf{x?df klg of] wf/ b]lvG5 . g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_n] rflx+ klxn] b]lv g} of] s'/f p7fpb} klg cfPsf] 5 . To; sf/0fn]u0ftGqsf] Tof] nIo;Dd k'UgnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efdfq Pp6f ljsNk xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] cufl8 ;fb}{ cfPsf 5f} . klxnf] s'/f of] xf] / bf]>f] s'/f jftf{sf] jftfj/0fsf] lgldQM ;]gfsf xs{tx?, b]zJofkL ?kdf /fHo cft+s, xTof lx+;f, s[lqd d'7e]8sf] gfddf hgtfsf] g/;+xf/ cflb s'/fx? /f]lsPsf 5}gg\ . To:t} xfdL dfly nufpg] cf/f]kx? h:tfsf] t:t} 5g\ / c? yk ul/b} 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf gt jftf{sf] jftfj/0flt/ ;/sf/ u+le/ b]lvG5 gt /fhg}lts lgsf;k|lt p;sf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f 5 . o:tf] ljgf b[li6sf]0fsf] jftf{ x'g] xf]Og / jftf{sf] gfddf o'4sf] tof/L xf] eGg] xfd|f] cWoIf sd/]8sf] egfOsf] ;f/ xf] .

p;f] eP ;/sf/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lglDt / cGt/fli6"o dWo:ytfsf] lglDt tof/ ePg eg] jftf{ gx'g] g} eof] t < ;/sf/n] t h'g;'s} ljifodf klg 6]j'ndf a;]/ 5nkmn ug{ tof/ 5f} elg ;s]sf] 5, To;n] tkfO{x?nfO{ jftf{df hfg ;xof]u ub{}g / <
b]z / hgtfsf] nflu s:tf] /fhg}lts p2]Zo, gf/fn] cyjf sfo{qmdn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ < b]zsf] ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L xn ug]{ eGg] ljifo x/]s zlQmsf] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f x'gk¥of] lg, Tof] ;/sf/sf] klg x'g k/\of], x/]s /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] klg x'g'k/\of] . Tof] c? /fhg}lts kf6L{nfO{ dfq x]/]/ to ug]{ s'/f xf]Og . b]zsf] l:yltaf/] p ;fFRr} OdflGbf/ 5, ulDe/ 5 eg] xfdLnfO{ kv{g' kb}{g . p;sf] b]z / hgtfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug]{ u/L ;fj{hlgs ?kn] k|ltj4tf cfpg'k¥of] . of] ;/sf/jf6 lsg cfpb}g < To;sf] nflu xfdL ;/sf/df s:tf] cg'xf/sf] ;/sf/ 5 eGg] cfwf/df xfd|f] gLlt tof/ ug]{ xf]OggL / xfdLn] t ;/sf/sf] s:tf] sfo{qmd 5 cyjf /fhg}lts kf6L{n] s:tf] sfo{qmd to u/] eGg] cfwf/df cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] k|ltlqmof lbg] / cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] gLlt agfpg] s'/f xf] . To;sf/0f ;/sf/n] h:tf] ;'s} Ph]08fdf klg jftf{ ug{ tof/ 5f} eg]/ oxf klg cd"t{tf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . b]z / hgtfsf] lgldQ /fhg}lts lgsf;s]f s'/f ;fj{hlgs ?kdf hgtfsf] cufl8 k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug]{ s'/f xf] . p;sf] b[li6sf]0f s] t < jftf{åf/f ;d:ofsf] xnsf] b[li6sf]0fsf] s'/f n'sfpg] s'/f xf]Og . afFsL c? s'/f 6]j'ndf uP/ 5nkmn ug]{ s'/f xf] .

clxn] cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] o'4eGbf zflGtnfOg} k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] efjgfnfO{ oxfFx?n] s;/L ;d]6\g vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 <
xfdL klg TolQs} ulDe/ 5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] efjgf rfxgfsf] xfdL plQs} ;Ddfg u5f} . xfdLn] o'4 cfkm\gf] /x/n] u/]sf xf]Ogf} . xfd|f] of] jfWotf xf] . k'/fgf] ;Qf b]z / hgtfk|lt cg'Q/bfoL jg]sf] 5 . p;n] gLlh :jfy{sf] lglDt ljb]zL ;fd|fHojfbL lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx?sf] bnfnLsf] lgldQ h'g tLj| ultsf] Pp6f b]z lj/f]wL / hglj/f]wL lqmofsnfk ub}{ u/]sf] 5 o;sf lj?4df n8\g' xfd|f] jfWotf xf] . gnl8 To;nfO{ /f]Sg' cyjf To;nfO{ cGTo ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt g} 5}g . o;sf/0fn] xfdLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] n8fO{ :yfoL zflGtsf lgldQ xf] . of] clGtd o'4 xf] . b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;+rflnt o:tf] o'4 xfd|f] /x/ geP/ jfWotf xf] eGg] s'/f xfdL eGg rfxG5f} .

ca csf]{ ljifo tkm{ nfU5' , s]xL lbg klxn] s}nfnLsf] kf08f]gdf ePsf] le8Gtdf hgd'lQm;]gf tkm{ 7"nf] IfltePsf] eGg] ;/sf/L kIfn] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5, o; 36gfsf] oyfy{ af/] s]xL atfOlbg' x'G5 ls <
kf08f]gsf] 36gfsf af/]df ;/sf/L ldl8ofn] h'g vfnsf] k|rf/ ul//fv]sf 5g of] k|rf/ z}nL eg]sf] ljutdf ln:g], ufd, ;tjl/ofdf zfxL ;]gfn] h'g k/fho ef]u]sf] lyof] / Tof] k/fhonfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{nfO{ h'g vfnsf] k|rf/z}nL ckgfPsf] lyof] ;f]xL k|rf/z}nL clxn] ckgfO{ /x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf kf08f]gdf p;sf] 7"nf] k/fho / 7"nf] c;kmntf p;sf] xft k/]sf] 5 . of] s;/L ePsf] 5 eg] kf08f}gdf clxn] h'g zlQm zfxL ;]gfsf] uPsf] lyof] To;nfO{ /]Gh/ kmf];{ eGg] u/]sf] 5 . pgLx?s} efiffdf /]Gh/ kmf];{ eg]sf] cTofw'lgs xltof/ ;lxt ;fd|fHojfbL zlQmx?n] tflnd lbPsf] / ;fljss} zfxL ;]gfsf] zlQm / IfdtfeGbf cln g} a9L zlQm / Ifdtf ePsf] zlQm eGg] 5 . /, o:tf] zlQm;+u xfd|f] hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] le8Gt eof] . of] le8Gtdf p;n] Hofb} 7"nf] c;kmntf xft k/]sf] 5 . o;df xfd|f] jf:tljs Iflt eg]sf] sDkgL sld;f/ / sDkgL sdf08/ ;lxt (hgfsf] xfd|f] Iflt ePsf] 5 . pgLx?tkm{ pgLx?n] :jLsf/]sf] !)hgf t 5b}5 t/ Tolt dfq geO{ jf:tjdf @%÷@^ hgfeGbf a9L xtfxt ePsf] 5 . ToxL n8fO{df, ToxL le/df k/]/ pgLx?sf] nfz clxn] klg j]kQf 5 eGg] s'/f pgLx?sf] :j/af6 xfdLn] otf yfxf kfO/fv]sf 5f} . Tof] eGbf 7"nf] s'/f s] xf] eg] pgLx?sf] ;fljsdf /x]sf zfxL ;]gf;+u x'g] xltof/ eGbf cfw'lgs vfnsf] nª/]Ghsf] Ifdtf ePsf] Pd-!^, cfw'lgs xltof/ lnP/ uPsf] lyof] . Tof] xltof/x? xfd|f ;fyLx?n] sAhf ug{ ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . ^ j6f Pd !^sf cfw'lgs xltof/x? / em08} %xhf/ hlt uf]lnx? xfd|f] sAhfdf cfPsf] 5 . h'g7fpFdf p k'u]sf] 5, ToxfF cfkm\g} ;'/Iffsf nflu x]lnsK6/ k|of]u u/]/ To;sf] jl/kl/ jdjfl/ª u/]/ b]znfO{ 7"nf] o'4sf] ;+1f lbO/fv]sf] 5, jf:tjdf p cfkm\g} ;'/Iffdf nflu /fv]sf] 5 .

To:t} b}n]vdf ePsf] 36gfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 7"nf] Iflt k'u]sf] eGg] aflx/ ;~rf/dfWoddf cfO/fv]sf] 5 . s] b}n]vsf] 36gfsf] oyfy{jf/] cfd hgtfnfO{ hfgfsf/L u/fOlbg'x'G5 <
b}n]vsf] 36gfsf] ljj/0f / oyfy{ hfFra'em ug{ ToxfFsf] klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08n] 5fgljg 6f]ln g} u7g u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f ToxfFsf] tTo ljj/0f rflx 5fgljg sldl6n] h] aflx/ Nofpg]5 ToxL g} tYo x'g]5 . clxn] g} ;a} l/kf]{6 cfO;s]sf] 5}g t/ ToxfF xfd|f] tkm{jf6 s]xL sdhf]/L ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f cfPsf] 5 . Tof] :yfgLo :t/df h'g;'s}, h:tf] ;'s} sfo{stf{n] u/]sf] eP klg To;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kn] sfjf{xL ug{ elg xfd|f] klZrd sdf08sf OGr{fhn] klg k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . t/ s'/f s]xf] eg] To;sf] ;fy;fy} klg ;fdfGo sld sdhf]/L t x'G5g\ g} t/ To;nfO{ cfd ?kdf sdhf]/L jf cfd?kdf uNtL eof] eg]/ s'/f p7fP/ h'g k|rf/ eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] ;To xf]Og . ToxfF o:tf] 36gfnfO{ b'Zdgn] Sof; ug{ vf]h]sf] :ki6} b]lvof] / ;fy;fy} ToxfF zfxL ;]gf / k'ln;sf] pkl:ylt klg b]lvPsf] 5 . xfdL To;sf] ulDe/ cg';Gwfg ub{5f} . s]xL kf6L{x?sf] klg ;DnUgtf xfdLn] e]6fO{ /fv]sf 5f} . xfd|f] lj?4df pgLx?n] h'g lsl;dn] hgtfnfO{ p7fpg], e|ldt kfg]{ / hgtfnfO{ pTt]lht kfg]{ sfd ToxfF eO/fv]sf] 5 . lt tTjx?sf] ;d]t xfdL 5fgljg ub{}5f} .

cfd hg;d'bfon] Tof] 36gfsf] af:tljstfaf/] slxn] yfxf kfpg] xf]nf <
Tof] t'?Gt} yfxf x'G5, ca oxfF 5fgjLg 6f]nL nfUof 5, Tof] 5fgljg 6f]nLn] l5§} ;fj{hlgs u5{ .

ToxfFsf s]xL lzIfsx? cfkm"v'zL k'0f{sflng ePsf] eGg] lbjfs/sf] clkndf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 t/ o;nfO{ ;/sf/L kIfn] hj{hl:t agfPsf] eGg] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} :s'n ;d]t aGb x'g] / ;b/d'sfd hfg] cleofg rn]sf] 5 . o;af/] s]xL elglbg'x'G5 sL <
of] tYo xfd|f] OGrfh{ sd/]8 lbjfs/n] h] eGg' eof] Tof] g} ;To xf] . ToxfF s]xL lzIfsx? / s]xL hgtfsf tkm{af6 klg cfkm'v'zL hgo'4df ;DnUg x'g] k'0f{sfnLg aGg] klqmof t ;w} g} To;}u/L rln/fv]sf] 5 . of] ha{h:tL xf] eGg] s'/f ljNs'n j]l7s xf] . xfdLn] s;}nfO{ klg ha{h:tL k'0f{sflng u/fpg] s'/} cfpb}g / sf]xL klg o:tf lsl;dsf] hj{h:tLn] cfpbf klg cfpb}gg\ . Tof] unt s'/f xf] . Tof] s'/fnfO{ xfdL k'/} v08g u5f} . t/ ca ckx/0fsf s'/f hlt u/L /fv]sf] 5 Tof] h;nfO{ ckx/0f elgPsf] 5 Tof] ckx/0f xf]Og / hgtfnfO{ /fhg}lts sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z x'g\ hgtfdf xfdLn] clkn ug]{ / To:tf] sfo{qmddf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf x'g], lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] ;xeflutf x'g] / !÷@lbgsf] sfo{qmd kl5 pgLx? cfkm\gf] sfddf kmls{g] o:tf] tYonfO{ ckx/0f eg]/ h'g k|rf/ ul//fv]sf] 5 of] t ;'lgof]lht vfnsf] / xfdLnfO{ jbgfd u/fpg] vfnsf] k|rf/ dfq} xf] .

tkfO{x?sf] /fhg}lts sfo{qmddf lzIfs hgtf ;a}nfO{ clkn ug'{x'G5 / pxfFx? ;xefuL klg aGg' x'G5 . To;jf6 kms]{kl5 zfxL ;]gfn] Jof/]sdf af]nfP/ lg3f{t s'6\g] u/]sf] 5 . o:t} 36gf Pp6f s] eG5' eg] nDh'ªsf] lzIfsx?nfO{ uf]/vfsf] Jof/]sdf af]nfP/ a];/L s'6]sf] 5 / lzIfsx? uf"p 5f]8]/ zx/lt/ k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ eg] pxfFx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] s] eGg'x'G5 <
af:tjdf, ;/sf/sf] gfËf] x:tIfk eg] s} oxL xf] . pgLx? /fhg}lts ?kn] k|ltsf/ ug{ ;ls/fv]sf] 5}g . jf:tjdf ;/sf/sf] zfxL ;]gf jf ;/sf/sf] c? /fhg}lts kf6L{x? cyjf c? s'g} klg zlQmx? xfd|f] o'4df j}rfl/s / /fhg}lts ?kn] xfd|f] lj?4 cfpg g;Sg] l:ylt eO;s]/ g} pgLx?n] s] ul//fv]sf] 5 eg] o:tf] skf]nsNkLt vfnsf cf/f]k, k|Tof/f]kx? / s[ltd 36gfx? v8f u/]/ jbgfd ug{ vf]lh/fv]]sf 5g\ . Tof] clxn] tkfOn] eGg'eP h:t} 36gfn] klg o;sf] k'li6 u5{ . To;sf/0f cj o;sf] nflu n8\g' eGbf csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . pgLx?sf] o:tf] hg3ftL lqmofsnfksf lj?4df lg/Gt/ n8fOnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfs} sf/0fn] pgLx?n] bdg, cft+s, xTof lx+;fsf sf/0fn] ubf{ sltko lzIfsx? hgtfsf] 5f]/f5f]/Lx? jfWo eP/ hgo'4df 5g\ / cem} a9L nfda4 x'G5g . of] nfdjGbLn] t xfd+|f] o'4nfO{ cem cufl8 a9fpg] dfq ub{5 o;af6 pgLx?sf] abgfd l;jfo s]lx x'g] jfnf 5}g .

ca csf]{ k|Zg sl/j Ps dlxgf cufl8 afUn'ªdf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo g]tf kDkmf e';fnn] ;efnfO{ ;Djf]wg ub]{ Ps dlxgfleq d;fnn] cfTdcfnf]rgf gu/] ef}lts sfjf{xL ul/g]5 eGg' ePsf] 5 eGg] ;'Gg cfPsf] 5 . s] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] gLlt olx xf] t <
ldq zlQmx?nfO{ ef}lts sfjf{xL ug]{ eGg] xfd|f] gLlt xf]Og, ToxfF kDemf e';fnn] s] jf]Ng' eof] Tof] pxfFsf] gLlh larf/ xf] / Tof] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] gLlt xf]Og . clxn] d;fn Pstfs]Gb| jf ldqzlQmx? s;}dfly klg ef}lts sfjf{xL jf c? s'g} sfjf{xL ug]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmd klg 5}g . s]xL 36gfqmdx? 36]sf 5g eGg] ;'Gg cfO/x]sf] 5, tTsfn clxn]nfO{ klg lt 36gfqmdx?sf] jf/]df xfd|f] ulDe/tfk"j{s 5fgjLg ug{ / cfk;L ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lsf] cfwf/df 6'Ëfpg' k5{ eGg] kIfdf g} 5f} . o;af/]df s]xL ;do cufl8 Pstfs]Gb|d;fn / xfd|f] kIfsfaLr Pp6f jftf{ klg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 / Tof] jftf{df ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ xfdL nfu" ug]{ kIfdf g} 5f} . o;nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s nfu" ug{ rfxG5f} . ToxfF 36gfqmdx? h] ePsf 5g ;f] 36gfqmd c;dembf/Ls} sf/0fn] ePsf] 5 tkfOn] eGg' ePh:t} xfd|f] kDkmf e';fnn] ToxL af]Ng' ePsf] eP Tof] rflx xfd|f] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo gLlt g} xf]Og .

clxn] s]xL ;do cufl8b]lv d;fnn] dfcf]jfbLs]f e08fkmf]/ cleofg ;~rfng ug{] elg/fv]sf] 5 / 7fp" 7fp"df ul//fv]sf] 5 klg, o; ;DjGwdf s] eGg'x'G5 <
/fhg}lts, a}rfl/s e08fkmf]/ xf]; cyjf /fhg}lts j}rfl/s cnf]rgf xfdLnfO{ To;sf] nflu s'g} cfklQ 5}g . Tof] x'gk5{ xfdL klg u5f}{ . o;sf] cy{ b'Zdgsf] cyjf h;;+u xfdL lhjgd/0fsf] ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5f}, o'4 ul//fv]sf 5f} o;sf] kIfaf6 p;nfO{ pS;fx6 x'g] lsl;dn] p;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] lsl;dn] cyjf clxn] b]zsf] d'Vo ;d:of sxflg/ xf], d'Vo b'Zdg hgtfsf] s'g xf] o;}nfO g} k|f]T;fxg x'g] lsl;dn] / d2t x'g] lsl;dn] x'g] lqmofsnfkx?sf] xfdL lj/f]w u5f}{ . afFsL :j:y k|sf/sf] cfnf]rgf, :j:y k|sf/sf] lj/f]wx?sf] xfdL :jfut u5f} .

ca csf]{ Pp6f k|;+ult/ Wofg tfGb}5', h:tf] uf}tda'4sf] b]zdf xTof lx+;f x'gx'Gg / oxfF zflGtsf] kIfkflt uf}td j'4 x'g\ t/ g]kfndf xTof lx+;f cToflws a9]sf] 5 eGg] klg cfO/x]sf] 5,o;af/] s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <
o;af/] d s] eGg rfxG5' eg] h'g ;do uf}td a'4n] cfkm\gf] Pp6f /fhsfh Tofu u/]/ 1fg k|flKtsf] Pp6f alnbfg ug'{ eof] oxfF Tof] j]nf Tof] o'usf] Pp6f qmflGt xf] . Tof] j]nfsf] qmflGtsf] :j?k g} To:tf] lyof] . uf}td j'4 olb cfh;Dd afFlr/x]sf eP / eO/x]sf] eP g]kfnsf] xTof, lx+;f, cGofo cTofrf/, zf]if0f, pTkL8gsf oL ;f/f lrh uf}tdj'4n] cfkm\g} cfvfFn] b]v]sf eP ;fob uf}td a'4n] klg hgtfx?nfO{ xltof/ af]Sg clkn uy]{ xf]nfg . ;fdGtL zfifsx?sf jL?4df xltof/ p7fpg] / p;sf lj?4df qmflGt ug{ clkn uy]{xf]nfg\ eGg] d]/f] cg'dfg 5 x} . o; sf/0fn] klg uf}td j'4sf] b]z, uf}tdj'4sf] ;Gb]z Tof] klg ;do ;fk]If x'G5 . h'g j]nf uf}tdj'4n] Pp6f 1fgsf] ;Zn]if0f u/] Tof] j]nf / cfhs]f j]nf km/s 5 . uf}tdj'4sf] Psflt/ gfd lng] / uf}tdj'4sf] cfj/0fdf eo+s/ 7"nf] xToflx+;f t b'Zdgn] dRrfO/fv]sf] 5 . cyjf /fHo;Qfn] dRrfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . zfxL ;]gfn] ul//fv]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] uf}td j'4sf] ;Gb]znfO{ lsg dfGb}gg\ . ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbLx?n] uf}tdj'4sf] ;Gb]z lsg dfGb}gg < /fhf / zfxL ;]gfn] uf}td j'4sf] ;Gb]z lsg dfGb}gg < klxn] t To;n] dfGg' k/\of]gL . To;sf/0f xfdL cGofo cTofrf/sf] lj?4 n8]sf 5f} . uf}tdj'4 oltv]/ eOlbPsf] eP ;fob uf}tdj'4n] klg xTof lx+;fsf] lj?4 k|ltlx+;f u/ eGYo] xf]nfg eGg ;lsG5 .

cGtdf km]/L jftf{sf] k|;+udf hfpm tkfOx?n] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] zlQm hxfF s]Gb|Lt 5 p;};+u dfq jftf{ ug{ tof/ 5f} eGg' ePsf] 5, of] egfOnfO{ Psy/Ln] /fhtGqnfO{ ;+j}wflgs 3]/faf6 aflx/ Nofpg vf]Hg] dfcf]jfbLsf] /0flglt xf] egL egL/fv]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{ tkfOx?n] h'g cGt/fli6"o dWo:ytfsf] s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] if8oGqk"0f{ s'l6n rfn xf] klg eg]sf 5g\, o;af/] s] eGg rfxg'x'G5 <
uPsf] c;f]h ( ut]sf] xfd|f cWoIfsf] jQmJodf o;af/] :ki6 eO;s]sf] 5 . kbf{ k5fl8af6 jf:tljs zf;g ug]{ zlQmnfO{ xfdL kbf{ aflx/ Nofpg rfxG5f} / b]z / hgtfsf cufl8 pgLx?sf] c;nL cg'xf/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{ rfxG5f} . xfdL jftf{sf] gfddf p;n] ul//x]sf] if8oGqk"0f{ h'g xs{tx? 5g\ Tof] xs{tnfO{ PS:kf]h ug{ rfxG5f} / g]kfnL hgtfsf cufl8 b]vfOlbg rfxG5f} .
ljut b'O{ jif{ cufl8b]lv /fhfn] ckm\gf xftdf zf;g lnP/ leqjf6 zf;g ;Qfsf] ;fFrf] cfkm} rnfO/fv]sf] 5 . /, xfdL klg olx s'/fsf] lj?4df nl8/x]sf 5f} / /fhg}lts kf6L{x? klg nl8/fv]sf 5g\ . Tof] n8fOFnfO{ xfdL cem} dfly p7fOlbg rfxG5f} jf:tljstf of] xf] . bf]>f] s'/f o;sf] nflu klg xfdLn] cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ytfdf jftf{sf] cfjZostf 7fg]sf 5f} . cGt{/fli6"o dWo:ystf{ cfpg'sf] cy{ /fhg}lts x:If]k xf] eGg] a'lemof] eg] Tof] a'emfO{ Psbd} /fhg}lts a'emfO{ xf]Og . cGt/fli6"o dWo:tstf{df xfdLn] o' Pg cyjf s'g} klg dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;:yfsf] s'/f u/L /fv]sf 5f} . To;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] b]z leqsf] 4G4/t b'O{kIf aLrsf] Joj:yfkg ;xhtf / lg:kIf]tf . lg:kIf / :jR5 5fgjLg, cg'udg ug]{ s'/f dfq xf] . o;df pgLx?sf] cfklQ lsg < o;}df s] b]lvG5 eg] pgLx?s]f kbf{{leq eP+s/ if8oGq 5 / cfkm\gf] s'lgotx?nfO{ yfld/fVg] Pp6f rfnafhL 5 . To;sf/0f xfd|f] cfjZostf s] xf] eg] s'g} klg s'/f hgtfsf cufl8 n's]/ jf l5k]/ ug]{ s'/f x'b}g . clxn] /fhf zfxL ;]gfsf hg/nx? To;f] ul//fv]sf 5g\ . eos+/ cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu g]kfnL hgtf / b]znfO{ k'/} jjf{bLlt/ ws]Ngsf] lgldQ kbf{ aflx/ Pp6f cfj/0fdf s;}nfO{ v8f u/]/ cfkm"x?n] zf;g ;Qf rnfpg]] k|lqmofsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . To;}nfO{ rflx+ kbf{ jflx/ NofP/ e08fkmf]/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] . wGojfb

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-g]skf Pdfn]sf nf]slk|o Pj+ k|efjzfnL g]tf dbg e08f/Lsf] b'Mvb lgwgkl5 pQm kf6L{sf] dxf;lrjdf :yflkt x'g' ePsf dfwj g]kfn !) aif{b]lv nuftf/ clxn];Dd klg ;f]xL kbdf /xFb} cfpg' ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ ljefhg cl3 xf];\ of kl5 pxfFn] k|foh;f] kf6L{leq ax'dtsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] g]t[TjnfO{ :yL/ k|s[ltsf] dflgP klg pxfFnfO{ k"0f{ ;Ifd / zlQmzfnL g]t[Tjstf{sf] ?kdf dfGg eg] kf6L{ k+lQm jf cfd hgdfg; ;xh ?kdf tof/ 5}gg\ . @)%! ;fnsf] cNkdt Pdfn] ;/sf/ nf]slk|o eP klg km]l/ pQm kf6L{nfO{ ultnf] lsl;dn] ;/sf/df k'¥ofpg g;Sg', kf6L{ ljefhg x'g', cGt/kf6L{ dtleGgtf tLj| ?kn] a9\b} hfg', kf6L{sf] cGt//fli6"o 5lj /fd|f] x'gg;Sg', /fhf / cGo zlQm;Fusf] /fhgLlts ;DaGw /IffTds x'g' tyf dfcf]jfbL;Fu j}rfl/s ljho k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' h:tf uDeL/ cf/f]kx?sf] ;fdgf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfnn] ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . s]xL dlxgf cl3 ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ x6fP/ /fhf4f/f z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] k|wfgdlGqTjdf ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 xfn g]skf Pdfn] klg pQm kf6L{sf] ;fem]bf/ ag]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ ug]{ Pj+ rfF8} r'gfj u/fpg] zt{sf] ;fydf ;/sf/df Pdfn] ;fd]n ePsf] ePklg xfn jftf{ Pj+ r'gfj u/fpg] b'j} s'/f ;sf/fTds ?kdf cufl8 ga9]sf] ljrf/ g]tf dfwj g]kfnsf] /x]sf] 5 . k|:t't 5 aflN6df]/df /xg' ePsf kqsf/ u'0f/fh n'O6]nn] xfn cd]l/sf e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn;Fu g]kfnL kf]i6 86sdsf nflu ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k_

n''O6]nM ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] ;/sf/ c;kmn eO;s]kl5 tkfO{+sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ aGg] h:tf] rrf{ klg lyof] . lsg To;f] geP/ tkfO{+x?n] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ eof] <

dxf;lrjM of] s'/f rrf{ dfq xf]Og jf:tljstf klg xf] . cfd hgdfg;n] klg ca Pdfn]sf] kfnf] cfPsf] 5 . ;a} kf6L{x?sf] sfd x]l/of], Pdfn]sf] klg x]/f}+ eGg] rfxgf /fv]sf lyP eg] xfdL k|ltudgsf] lj/f]wdf /x]sf ;a} kf6Lx? aLrdf klg Pdfn]nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ / /fhfnfO{ ;j{;Ddt gfd lbg];DaGwL ;xdlt ag]sf] lyof] . t/ ha ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] /fhLgfdf lbP To;kl5 s]xL zlQmx?n] Pdfn] lj/f]wL if8oGq z'? u/] . pgLx?n] Pdfn]sf] nf]slk|otfb]lv 8/fP/ o;f] u/]sf x'g eGg] a'em] kl5 xfdLn] Pdfn] g} lsg k|wfgdGqL aGg] t < h'g;s} kf6Lsf] k|wfgdGqL ag]klg k|hftGq hf]ufpg] zt{df xfdLn] ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ xfdLn] klxn] cGofok"j{s x6fOPsf b]pjfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf xf}+ . b]pjfn] w]/} sfd ug{ ;Sb5g\ eg]/ xf]Og ls kf6L{x?sf] cfkm\g} sf/0fn] k|hftGq vt/fdf gk/f];\ eg]/ pgnfO{ xfdLn] ;xof]u u¥of}+ . xfdLn] k|hftGq / l;4fGtsf] ;jfnnfO{ dxTj lbof}+, cfkm\gf] ;jfnnfO{ dxTj lbPgf}+ .

tkfO{x? s]xL sfo{qmd / zt{ ;lxt b]pjf ;/sf/df hfg' ePsf] xf] jf kbLo efuj08fsf] nflu dfq} <

b]pjf ;/sf/ alg ;s]kl5 klg xfdLn] ;/sf/df hfgsf] nflu xtf/ u/]gf}+ . klxnf] s'/f t xfdLn] jt{dfg sfo{;Dkfbg lgodfjnLdf lgs} sldsdhf]/L /x]sf 5g\ To;nfO{ ;RofOof]; eGof}+ . bf];|f] s'/f ;/sf/ s]sf nflu < eGg] ;jfndf Go"gtd\ ;femf sfo{qmdx?df ;xdlt x'g' kb{5 eGof}+ . o; cg'?k $# ;"qLo ;femf Go"gtd\ sfo{qmd kfl/t eof] . o;dWo] zflGt :yfkgf g} clxn]sf] ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] cufl8 ;f¥of}+ . dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ x'g'kb{5, o;sf] nflu jftf{nfO{ /fli6"o d'2fsf] ?kdf ;a}sf] ;xdltdf cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdLn] k|fyldstf lbof}+ . of] ;a} s'/f eO;s]kl5 klg Pdfn] ;/sf/df hfg] lg0f{odf k'u]sf] lyPg . t/ ;dy{g ug]{ clg ;/sf/df ghfg] sfd ubf{ kf6L{x?aLrd} c;dembf/L b]lvg] / k|hftfGq lj/f]wLx?nfO{ eGg ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] kl5 xfdL ;/sf/df uPsf xf}+ .

dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu jftf{ u/]/ ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;lsPnf eGg] s'/fdf tkfO{ slQsf] ljZj:t x'g'x'G5 / o;tkm{ s] s:tf] k|of; ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <

o; lbzfdf xfdLn] k|;:t k|of;x? ul//x]sf 5f}+ . tkfO{+x?nfO{ yfxf 5 ls ut ;fn gf]e]Da/ # tfl/ssf lbg d}n] dfcf]jfbLx?sf tLg hgf g]tfx? k|r08, afa'/fd / s[i0f dx/f;Fu ef/tsf] nvgf}df e]6 u/]/ jftf{af6} ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyPF . o;sf] nflu d}n] g]skf Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 gf} ;"qLo k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] lyPF . To;nfO{ pxfFx?n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf ln+b} o'4af6 xfdL n8fOF lhNg ;Sb}gf}+ eGg] ljrf/ klg /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . otf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 klg lgisif{df k'Ug h?/L 5 ls o'4af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g . o'4af6 kf/nfUb}g eGg] b'j} tkm{af6 ;f]lrPsf] 5 eg] kl5 lsg jftf{ gug]{ < ;/sf/ alg;s] kl5klg d}n] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?nfO{ Pdfn] ;/sf/df ePsf] cj;/ gu'dfpg af/Daf/ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5' . t/ pgLx? slxn] tkfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGgf];\ To;kl5 jftf{ u/f}+nf eGg], slxn] Pdfn] ;/sf/af6 x6f];\ clg u/f}+nf eg]h:tf] s'/fx? klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ s]xL ;do cl3 pgLx?n] jftf{s} ;DaGwdf ^ ;"qLo k|Zgx? k7fPsf lyP . xfd|} k|of;df tL k|Zgx?sf] ;sf/fTds pQ/x? ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k7fO;lsPsf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf /fhf, ;/sf/ / ;a} kf6L{x?n] klg jftf{sf] kxn ug{ dnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf x'g . o;df xfd|f] k|of; cem} klg hf/L 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df o'4af6 ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb}g, jftf{sf] ljsNk 5}g . s'g} klg kIfnfO{ cem} klg o'4df ljZjf; 5 eg] pgLx?n] n8fOF cufl8 a9fpg ;S5g\ t/ km]l/ klg 3'd]/ jftf{df cfpg} kb{5 . clxn] bz xhf/ dflg;x? dl/;s]sf 5g\ csf]{ bz xhf/ dflg; lsg dfg]{ < To;}n] d cem} klg tkfO{sf] ;+rf/dfWod dfkm{t dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ s] cfx\jfg ug{ rfxG5' eg] cGo lsl;dsf av]8fx? 5fl8lbgf];\, jftf{df cfpgf];\, ;/sf/df xfdL 5f}+, ;/sf/sf cGo kIfx?nfO{ bjfj xfdL lbG5f}+, ;dfwfgdf xfdL nfG5f}+, xfdLn] ;s]gf}+ eg] b'lgofsf] ;fd' egf}+nf ;d:of kmnfgf kmnfgfn] v8f u¥of] eg]/ gªUofpg] sfd u/f}+nf .

tkfO{+x?n] ;/sf/df cfpg' cl3 p7fpg' ePsf] k|ltudg lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng rflx clxn] sxfF k'u]sf] 5 <

clxn]sf] l:yltdf Psflt/ zflGt :yfkgf ug'{ xfd|f] nflu dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] eg] csf]{ lt/ k|ltudgaf6 k|hftGqnfO{ hf]ufpg' / k|hftGqnfO{ cem} bx|f] agfpg] sfd . hgtfsf] lxtdf sfd ug'{, pgLx?nfO{ /fxt / ;x'lnot k|bfg ug'{ klg csf]{ r'gf}ltsf] sfd xf] . clxn] zflGt :yfkgfsf] ;jfnn] cGo ;a} ;jfnx?nfO{ 5fofFdf kf/]sf] 5 . ;a} hgtfsf] rfxgf klg oxL xf] . o;}aLrdf st}af6 k|hftGq} vfg] vfnsf] ultljlw eof] eg] dfq}km]l/ k|ltudg lj/f]wL ljifon] k|fyldstf kfpF5 . t/ clxn] ;/sf/df kf6L{x? ;fd]n eP/ sfd ul//x]sf] x'Fbf zflGtsf] kIfdf sfd x'g' kb{5 .

r'gfj x'g g;s] Pdfn] ;/sf/df ga:g] eg]/ s]xL Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] eg]sf] klg kfOof] < tkfO{+x? ;fd]n ePsf] ;/sf/n] r'gfj u/fpg ;Snf t <

d]/f] ljrf/df r'gfj eGbf klg klxn] s;/L zflGt sfod ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]Rg' kb{5 . s'g} k|of; ubf{ klg zflGt :yfkgf x'g ;s]g eg] jf jftf{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9]g eg] dfq} xfdL r'gfjsf] af/]df km]l/ 5nkmn ug]{ 5f} . clxn] xfdLn] r'gfjnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf 5}gf}+ .

o;kfnL jftf{ x'g ;s]g eg] To;sf] lhDd]bf/L tkfO{x?n] lng] ls glng] <

jftf{sf] c;kmntfn] 3f6f sxfF sxfF x'G5 eGg] ljifodf ;/sf/n] klg ;f]Rg' kb{5 / dfcf]jfbLx?n] klg . d]/f] ljrf/df o;af6 dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ 7"nf] 3f6f x'G5 . csf]{lt/ b]zdf ;}lgsLs/0fsf] ;Defjgf klg a9]/ hfG5 . xltof/ lelqg] qmdnfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ;Sb}g, ;'/Iff ah]6 a9]/ hfG5, ;]gfn] dfu]sf] ah]6nfO{ s;}n] klg /f]Sg ldNb}g . To;}n] o;df xfdLn] lhDd]jf/L lng] ls glng] s'/f eGbf klg ljz]iftM dfcf]jfbLsf] eljiosf] ;jfn hf]l8P/ cfpg ;Sb5 . pgLx?n] ;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] nflu zflGtk"0f{ t/Lsfn] cufl8 a9\g' h?/L /x]sf] 5 .

ljb]zdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? k|lt g]kfnLkf]i6 dfkm{t s]xL ;Gb]z lbg rfxg' x'G5 ls <

k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] cfk;df ;b\efj /fVb} g]kfndf xfn b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? k|lt h;/L rf;f] /fVg' ePsf] 5 To;sf] nflu d pxfFx?nfO{ w]/} wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf ljrf/x?nfO{ ;dGjo u/]/ cGtlqmofut ?kdf ;+;f/el/ k'¥ofpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf]df d g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sdk|lt xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . tkfO{+x?n] cfkm\gf] dft[e"ldk|ltsf] ;b\efj sfod /fVb} g]kfnL snf, ;+:s[lt, /Llt Pj+ l/jfh hf]ufpg lg/Gt/ k|of; ugf]{; eGg] cg'/f]w klg ug{ rfxG5' .

æ;/sf/df a;]/ To;} r'gfj x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf]Æ

k|bLk g]kfn
g]skf -Pdfn]_ s]Gb|Lo :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o tyf kf6L{ k|jQmf, cS6f]a/ #!, @))$

-g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ :yfoL ;ldltsf ;b:o k|bLk g]kfn xfn cd]l/sf e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf] 5 . s]xL ;docl3 /fhfaf6 z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] k|wfgdlGqTjdf gofF ;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 g]skf Pdfn] klg pQm ;/sf/df ;fd]n /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]skf Pdfn]sf k|jQmf ;d]t /xg' ePsf g]kfn tLvf] sndsf kf/vL klg x'g'x'G5 . k|:t't 5 xfn} pxfF;Fu d]l/Nof08l:yt aflN6df]/df /xg'ePsf kqsf/ u'0f/fh n'O6]nn] g]kfnLkf]i6sf nflu ug'{ ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k_

tkfO{sf] o; k6ssf] cd]l/sf e|d0fsf] p2]Zoaf/]df s]xL k|i6 kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <

o;df b'O{ j6f sf/0fx? lyof] . Ps t d]/f] cfkm\g} :jf:Yo k/LIf0f / csf]{ rflx+ ;/sf/L k|ltlglwTjsf] l;nl;nf . s]xL ;docl3 d]/f] 6fpsf]sf] ck/];g ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL k|lqmof afFsL /x]sf]n] oxfF Tof] ;DkGg ug]{ sfd u/]+ . csf]{ sfd rflx+ xfn ;/sf/df k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf ;a} kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf Ps Ps k|ltlglw k7fpg] lg0f{o eP adf]lhd d Pdfn]sf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] lyP+ . pQm ;efdf ;/sf/sf k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf k//fi6" /fHo dGqL 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] ljleGg s'/fx? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] eg] d}n] hghfktx?sf] l:ylt / ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] af/]df af]n]sf] lyPF . o:t} ljZjsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf klg pQm ;efdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] ;ef ;DkGg ePkl5 d}n] af]i6g, Go"of]s{ / aflN6df]/df g]kfnLx?sf] sfo{qmddf efu lnP/ pgLx?sf wf/0ffx? a'em\g] df}sf kfPF .

b]zdf n8fOF / emu8f ePsf] a]nf ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3df tkfOn] e]6]sf ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'ssf s"6gLlt1x?n] g]kfnk|lt s] s:tf] rf;f] / ljrf/ /fv]sf] kfpg' eof] <

o;af/]df Toxf+ cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgL s]xL klg x'g ;s]g . t/ hf] d'n'sx? xfd|f] h:tf] lx+;f / cft+ssf] jftfj/0faf6 u'lh|Psf lyP tL d'n'ssf k|ltlglwx?n] eg] b]zsf] ;d;fdlos ;d:ofsf af/]df s]xL ;f]w]sf lyP .

g]kfndf h;/L eP klg zflGt :yfkgf x'g' kb{5 eGg] rfxgf b]z / ljb]zdf ;d]t /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] /x]sf] ;Gbe{df tkfO{x? ;d]t ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 s] s:tf] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 <

xf], d}n] klg s] dx;"; u/]+ eg] g]kfndf h:t} oxfF cd]l/sfdf a;]sf g]kfnLx? klg zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf lgs} lrlGtt /x]5g\ . x'g t xfdLx? b]zdf k|ltudg lj?4sf] n8fO{df nflu /x]sf ePklg ;a} hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf xfdLn] o;nfO{ d"n ljifo agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'Fbf g} b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfk"j{s p7fPsf lyof}+ / o;} cg'?k xfn ;a} kf6L{sf] ;femf sfo{qmddf klg of] Ph]08f k/]sf] 5 . clxn] b]zdf zflGt :yfkgfsf] k|lqmofaf/]df 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 t/ of] w]/} ;':t 5 . ;':t ePs} sf/0fn] kf6L{x? ljz]iftM ;/sf/df ;fd]n kf6L{x?sf] jLrdf 4G4 rln/x]sf] 5 . of] 4G4 cem};Dd klg ldqjt g} /x]sf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ d}n] ;sf/fTds ?kdf g} x]/]sf] 5' . zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfd s5'jfsf] h:t} ;':t ultdf rln/x]sf] ePklg clGtddf s5'jfsf] ljho x'G5 eGg] cfzf d}n] lnPsf] 5' .

Pdfn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePkl5 dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ k|lqmof b|'t ultdf cl3 a9\nf eGg] cg'dfg klg sltkon] u/]sf lyP, t/ vf;} s]xL ePh:tf] t b]lv+b}g lg <

clxn] d lgisif{ ;lxtsf] lg0f{o s]xL klg ;'gfpg ;lSbg . b]pjf ;/sf/ slxn] ag]sf] lyof] eGg' eGbf klg xfdL ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf] ev{/ ;o lbg sf6]sf] 5 . ;o lbgdf hltsfd ePsf] 5 To;df d klg ;Gt'i6 5}g . xfn ;Dddf zflGt ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 . o;df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?af6 Ps Ps ;Nnfxsf/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] >L % sf] k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf 8f= df]xDdb df]xl;g /xg' ePsf] . o; aLrdf yf]/} sfd ePsf] 5 eGg kfOG5 t/ sfd} ePsf] 5}g eGg kfOb}g . jftf{ s;/L x'g' kb{5 eGg]af/]df ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf kf6L{x?aLrd} dtleGgtf /x]sf] 5 . hxfF ;Dd g]skf Pdfn]sf] s'/f 5, xfdL ;j} gful/s ;+3 ;+u7gx? h:tf] ls af/ P;f]l;P;g, kqsf/ dxf;+3, u}/;/sf/L dxf;+3 h:tf ;+:yfx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf / dWo:ytfdf jftf{ x'g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5f}+ .

s] o; ;/sf/nfO{ klg sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k"/f gePsf]n] l56f] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] t x}g <

xfdLn] k|ltudgsf] lj?4df olt 7"nf] cfGbf]ng u¥of}+ ls h'g @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng eGbf klg 7"nf] lyof] . t/ klg of] cfGbf]ngsf] vf;} k|efj /fhfdfly k/]g . a? /fhfn] Ps kfOnf k5fl8 ;/]/ z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] sfd u/] . /fhf Ps kfOnf] k5fl8 ;/]sf] a]nfdf xfdLn] klg ;/sf/ leq 3';k}7 u/]/} cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf 5f}+ . klxn]sf yfkf jf rGb ;/sf/ eGbf of] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] sfd ug{ w]/} :jtGq 5 . of] ;/sf/ l;4fGt / Jojxf/ b'j}af6 clwsf/ ;DkGg 5 eGg] s'/f s]af6 klg b]lvG5 eg] o; ;/sf/df lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf ax'dt ;b:o/x]sf kf6L{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 / Jojxf/df eGg] xf] eg] o;n] /fhfnfO{ klg zflGt jftf{sf] z'? ug{ /fhL u/fPsf] 5 . o; ;/sf/n] lgsfn]sf] lgrf]8nfO{ /fhfn] klg :jLsfg]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 .

tkfO{+x? Psflt/ k|ltudgsf] vt/f b]vfpb} o;sf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng ug]{ s'/f ug'{ x'G5 eg] csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf] lj?4df plqg] jf zflGt jftf{ ug]{ s'/f < cflv/ d'Vo ljifo rflx+ s]nfO{ dfGg' x'G5 t <

b'j} kIf clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . t/ klg ;j} g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt sfod ug]{ tkm{ /x]sf] / o; lbzfdf /fhfsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{g klg plQs} h?/L ePsf]n] xfdLn] zflGt jftf{nfO{ k|fyldstf lb'g kb{5 . ;/sf/ / ;j} kf6L{x?n] klg of] s'/fnfO{ :jfut / ;dy{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;d:ofsf] cGt/j:t'nfO{ x]bf{ dfcf]afbLsf dfux?nfO{ vfnL /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dfq x]l/g' x'+b}g . pgLx?sf] ;}4flGts k|ltj4tfnfO{ ufnL ug'{ x'+b}g . l;4fGt pgLx?n] h] klg dfGq ;Sb5g\ . xfd|f] cfklQ eg]sf] pgLx?sf] lx+;frf/ dfq} xf] . pgLx?n] u0ftGqsf] dfu p7fP eg]/ jf dfcf]T;]t'ª lhGbfafb eg] eg]/ lj/f]w ug]{ xf]Og . pgLx?n] u/]sf lx+;frf/ jf cGo s'/fx?nfO{ ;dfhsf ljleGg If]q ju{;Dd k'¥ofpg] sfd xfdLn] ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} dfcf]afbLx?nfO{ ;/sf/df cfpgsf] nflu xfdLn] af/af/ cg'/f]w ub}{ pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug]{ k|ltj4tf klg hfx]/ ug'{ kb{5 . rfx]sf] v08df pgLx?sf dfux? k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g ug]{, To; a]nf;Dddf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf] kxndf ug]{ / hg;+u7gx?sf] ;d]t pkl:yltdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ug{' kb{5 . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng ul/;s]kl5 To;}af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljifodf klg lgrf]8 lgl:sg ;Sb5 . clxn] b]zdf k|fo ;a} kf6L{x? ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljkIfdf 5}gg\ . clxn] /fhfsf] s'/f k|ltudg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] kIf lx+/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . oL b'j} kIf;Fu aGb"ssf] zlQm /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf oL b'j} kIfsf] aGb"snfO{ zflGtsf] bjfjdf lgx'¥ofpg ;Sg' kb{5 .

csf]{lt/ clxn] klg rf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] ;8s cfGbf]ng t hf/L g} /fv]sf 5g\ lg <

xfdL ;/sf/df uof}+ eGb}df ca ;8s cfGbf]ng ug}+{ x'Fb}g eGg] xf]Og . lj/f]w ug]{n] lj/f]w ug{ kfpg' kb{5 . lj/f]w ug]{ kf6L{x?dfly xfdLn] bdg ug]{ sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g . pgLx?n] klg d'Vo d'2fsf] ?kdf dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ g} p7fPsf] kfOG5 .

zflGt sfod ug]{ lbzfdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08n] xfn} k7fPsf k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm gk7fPsf] jf :t/eGbf tnaf6 kqfrf/ u/]sf] eGg] ;'lgPsf] 5 . jf:tljstf s] xf]nf <

xf], k|r08hLn] k|Zgx? k7fpg' ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] pQ/ zflGt ;ldltn] ;/sf/nfO{ lbof] / ;/sf/sf] k|jQmfsf] gftfn] 8f= df]xl;gn] To;sf] pQ/x? k7fpg' ePsf] 5 / pgLx? o;df ;f]lr/x]sf x'g ;Sb5g .

Psflt/ zflGt jftf{ ub}{ hfg] csf]{lt/ r'gfjsf] s'/f klg ub}{ hfg] sfd clxn] ;/sf/n] ub}{ /x]sf] 5 . s] b]zdf rf+8} zflGt sfod x'g] jf r'gfj ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5 t <

zflGt jftf{ cufl8 a9]g / b'j} tkm{sf] xltof/sf] plrt ;dfof]hg ePg eg] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf r'gfj x'g] ;Defjgf d}n] b]lVbg . ;/sf/df a;]/ To;} r'gfj x'G5 eGg' a]sf/ xf] .

Ps /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs, n]vs Pj+ Pdfn]sf] zlQmzfnL g]tfsf] gftfn] eGg' kbf{ clxn] b]zdf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] jt{dfg w/ftn tkfO{++n] s:tf] b]Vg' x'G5 <

clxn] dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgfwf/ w]/} g} sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 / xltof/ dfq} ;jf]{kl/ h:tf] ePsf] 5 . pgLx?n] hg;efx?df aGb's b]vfP/, ckx/0f u/]/ dflg;x? e]nf ug]{ u/]af6 of] k|i6 x'G5 . csf]{ s'/f n8fOF / xltof/sf] v]n cj slt ul//xg] eGg] vfnsf] lg/f;fsf] jftfj/0f klg pgLx?df 5fPsf] 5 . pgLx?sf ljleGg sld6Lsf g]tfx?n] cfkm}+df lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ s'/fx? af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L cGt//fli6"o bjfj klg pgLx?n] ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? jftf{df cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf d}n] e]/} b]v]sf] 5' .

cGTodf cd]l/sfaf;L g]kfnLx?nfO{ s]xL ;Gb]z 5 ls <

d cd]l/sf dfq xf]Og a]nfot nufot ;+;f/sf cGo d'n'sx?df a;f]af; u/]sf g]kfnL bfh'efO lbbL alxgLx?nfO{ s] cg'/f]w ug{ rfxG5' eg] pxfFx?n] ;+ul7t eP/ cfkm\g} vfnsf] ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kb{5 / ToxfFsf] d'n's;Fu cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] ?kdf dfGotf lbnfpg n8\g' kb{5 . gq cfkm\gf] gfd / klxrfg sfod /fVg ufx|f] kg{ ;Sb5 .

zflGtjftf{ x'g ;s]g eg] xfdL kmflng] x}g b]z kmflnG5

pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL e/tdf]xg clwsf/L
cS6f]a/ (, @))$

-pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL e/tdf]xg clwsf/L s]xL lbg cl3 ljZja}+s tyf cGt/f{li6|o d'b|fsf]ifsf] Ps j}7sdf efu lng cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] 8L;Ll:yt /fhb"t lgjf;df g]kfn kms{g] lbg a'waf/ lbpF;f] ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k ._

tkfO{ cfhef]ln jftf{sf nflu cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? u/f}+ eGg yfNg'ePsf] 5, lsg / cgf}krfl/s jftf{ t eO/x]s} 5 lg x}g / h:tf] tkfO{+s} dxf;lrj nufot lul/hfafa', z]/axfb'/hL ;a}n] dfcf]jfbLx?;Fu e]6 u/]s} xf] lg To:tf] jftf{ s]sf nflu rflxof] clxn] <

klxn] ljleGg kf6Lsf g]tfx?n] dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?;Fu kf6L:t/df s'/fsfgL ug'{ eof] Tof] /fd|f] xf] . To;n] klg s'/fsfgL ug]{ jftfj/0f agfPsf] 5 . d]/f] egfO s] xf] eg] /fHo / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? x'g'k/\of] eGg] xf] . o;sf] dtnj dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf k|ltlglw tf]Sg], ;/sf/n] klg k|ltlglw tf]Sg] xfdL uf]Ko jftf{af6 jftf{ z'? u/f}+ . o;sf nflu k|wfgdGqLn] klg b'O{ tLg k6s elg;Sg'eof] .
Tof] eof] eg] jftf{ s'g ?kdf z'? ug{] xf] To;sf nflu ;lhnf] x'G5 . jftf{ tLg dlxgfkl5 g} u/] klg of] of] ljifodf jftf{ ug]{, of] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ eGg] x'G5 . jftf{sf] k|lqmof Pp6fdfq 5}g .
clxn]sf] xfd|f] cg'ejaf6 s] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] klxnf] / bf];|f] jftf{ ;kmn ePg Tof] jft{fsf pHofnf]kIf klg 5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ sdhf]/L kIf klg 5g\ . Tof] ;a}sf] cg'ejaf6 xfdLnfO{ s] nfu]sf] 5 eg] clxn] z'?df cgf}krfl/s ?kdf jftf{ u/f}+ . b'O{6} /fHo / dfcf]jfbL k|ltlglwx? a;]/ jftf{sf k[i7e"ld tof/ ug{ jftf{ u/f}+ . To;n] jftf{nfO{ s'g r/0fn] n}hfg] eGg] s'/f x'g ;S5 . of] jftf{sf] :t/ s;/L x'G5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] jftf{df xfdLn] s]df ug{ ;lsG5 .
oL ;a} s'/fsf] klg to ug{ aFfsL 5 . cgf}krfl/s jftf{af6} jftf{ z'? xf];\ eGg] 5 .
clxn] xfdLn] jftf{sf] z'?cftsf] ;+s]t lbg ;Sof+} eg] dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ ca Pscsf{sf] /ut ufpg] dfq x}g ca jftf{sf ;Defjgfx? s]nfpg z'? u/] eGgf;fy g]kfnL hgtf / cGt/f{li6|o hutdf ;d]t ljZjf;sf] nx/ hfU5 . dnfO{ ljZj a}+sn] eGof] . tkfO{+x? jftf{ z'? ug'{xf];\ o'/f]lkog b]zx? tkfO{+x?sf] b]z ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ nfOgdf a;]sf 5g\ . o'4n] gf]S;fg ePsf 7fpFsf nflu klg pgLx? ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5g\ . o;n] gofF dfxf]n v8f x'g ;S5 . jftf{ / zflGtsf] kIfdf hf]8bf/ jftfj/0f aGg ;S5 .
cf}krfl/s jftf{n] dfcf]jfbL / /fHonfO{ Psfcsf{dfly a'em\g] / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg ;S5 . jftf{ ljyf]Ng vf]Hg] h;n] dfcf]jfbL / /fHoaLr jftf{ gxf];\ eGg]x?5g\ tL tTjx?sf] if8oGqnfO{ ljkmn kfg{ ;d]t d}n] of] s'/f u/]sf] xf] . To:tf tTjx? b]z leq klg 5g\ / aflx/ klg 5g\ .
To;sf/0f xfdL z'?df u+eL/ of]hgf hfg ;Sb}gf} eg] Tof] hfgsf nflu s'/f t ug{ ;S5f}+ .
jftf{ ubf{ s] s] s'/f km/s 5 Tof] vf]Hg] a]nf x}g . clxn] eg]sf] ;xdlt s]s]df x'G5 To;df cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . To:tf] cj:yf k/]sf] x'gfn] cgf}krfl/s jftf{df hf]8 lbPsf] x'F .

jftf{ ljyf]Ng aflx/L zlQm lelq zlQm eGg'eof] tL tTj sf] xf]nfg\ t <

h;n] jftf{sf] lj/f]w u5{ ltg} tTj x'g\ . lsgeg] clxn]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbL, zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ;d:of slt h]lnof] eg] o;df b]z leqsf zlQm t d'l5P d'l5P xfdL ;/sf/ d'l5Psf] 5 g]kfnleqsf ;a} vfn] /fhgLlts bnx?, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?, gful/s ;dfh, /fhf, ;]gf, k'ln; ;a} d'l5Psf 5g\ . ef/t, o'/f]lkog o'lgog, /fi6|;+3, rLg nufot ;a} d'l5Psf 5g\ . of] ;d:of olt h]lnPsf] 5 ls w]/} dfG5] d'l5b} uP . oL d'l5Psfsf] ;xof]u lagf klg jftf{ ;kmn x'Fb}g . oL ;a}nfO{ lrQ a'emfpg] lsl;dn] jftf{ cufl8 a9fpg'k/\of] .
clxn] ef/tsf] ;xof]u glnO{ jft{f a9\b}g, To:t} /fhfsf] ;xof]u glnO{ jftf{ cufl8 g} a9\b}g of] jftf{nfO{ ;kmn agfpg oL ;a}sf] ;xof]u rflxPsf] 5 . of] ;fdfGo 3fp nfu]sf] x}g of] 7"nf] 3fp nfu]sf] 5 . bz xhf/eGbf a9L dfG5] dl/;s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLnfO{ ;do nfU5 To;}n] qmlds ?kdf xfdLn] Ps Ps kfOnf u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .
cgf}krfl/s jftf{ z'? ul/sg qmlds ?kdf jftf{ cufl8 a9fpg' clxn]sf] a]nf a'l4dfgL x'G5 .

jftf{sf] ljkIfdf t sf]xL klg b]lvb}g t/ lsg jftf{ cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g t <

jftf{sf] ljkIfdf dfG5] 5}g eGg] s'/f x}g . eGg] Pp6f Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{ csf]{ s'/f ePsf] 5 . jftf{sf] ljkIfdf b]zleq / b]z aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnL hflt, g]kfnL /fi6|sf] s'enf] rfxg] x}sdjfbL ljb]zL tTjx? g]kfndf jftf{ gxf];\ / g]kfn ckmuflg:tfg x'g hfcf];\ eGg]x? xTof l+x+;fsf] ;f}bf ug{ nfu]sf 5g\ .
jftf{ gx'g'sf] csf]{ sf/0f lxlRsrfx6 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjn] klg clxn] qmlds ?kdf cfkm\gf] :6]k r]Gh ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
klxn] dfcf]jfbLx?n] /fhfsf] gf]s/;Fu jftf{ gug]{ eg] eGg]x?n] clxn] cfkm\gf] x}l;ot b]vf elg/x]sf 5g\ . o; k|sf/ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] g]t[Tjdf jftf{sf] ljsNk 5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] dflyNnf] g]t[TjnfO{ yfxf yfxf 5, xfd|f] jftf{ afx]s ;]km Nofl08ª 5}g . xfd|f] cl:tTj sfdo /fVg jftf{df hfg'k5{ of k"0f{ ljgf;df hfg'k5{ eGg] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ kl/jt{g ub}{ uPsf] d}n] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' .
t/, cf7 gf} jif{sf] cfGbf]ngn] ubf{ pgLx?sf cfkm\gf slnssf sf/0fn] klg hlt u+eL/tfk"j{s cufl8 cfpg'kg]{ xf] cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
/fHosf] klg Tof] lxrlsrfx6 5 . of] a]nf jftf{sf] hlt kmf];{km"n cfPsf] 5 Tof] eGbf klxn] ePsf] lyPg . o:t} sf/0fn] klg jftf{df l9nfO eO/x]sf] 5 . cflv/ jftf{ x'G5 jftf{sf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g .

tkfO{+x?nfO{ /fhfn] /fVbf /flvg] km\ofFSbf km\ofFlsg] jf:jtd} dfcf]jfbLn] eg] h:t} /fhfsf gf]s/ eGbf s] x}l;ot 5 clxn] tkfO{+x?sf] <

lgo'lQm ubf{ clxn] xfdL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& adf]lhd g} xfdL lgo'lQm ePsf xf}+ Tof] oyfy{tf xf] . t/ xfdLnfO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf x]g'{k/\of] . /fhgLlts ?kdf x]bf{ %( ;fn c;f]h !* ut] /fhfn] nf]s]Gb| axfb'/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP . jf ;"o{axfb'/nfO{ agfP . of] To:t} ;/sf/ x}g . lsgeg] of] ;/sf/ s;n] agfof] eGbf, rf/j6f kf6L{n] ldn]/ agfPsf] ;/sf/ xf] . ;/sf/ agfpg'cl3 $# a'Fb] Go'gtd sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/\of] . Tof] ;femf sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ xfdL rf/} kf6L{sf k|d'v g]tfn] x:tfIf/ ug'{eof] . Tof] sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ ag]sf] 5 . of] ;/sf/ agfof] s;n] eGbf rf/j6f kf6Ln] agfof] .
dnfO{ pkk|wfgdGqL /fhfn] agfPsf] klg x}g . z]/axfb'/n] agfPsf] klg x}g . rf/j6f kf6Ln] agfPsf] xf] . dnfO{ Pdfn]n] rog u/]/ k7fPsf] xf] . dnfO{ /fhfn] of z]/axfb'/n] agfPsf] egL e|d glnP x'G5 .

tkfO{+ s;/L eGg'x'G5 ls ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& af6 nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ aGbf r} /fhfn] agfPsf] ToxL wf/faf6 cfkm" aGbf r}+ /fhfn] agfPsf] x}g eg]/ <

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@& sf] ljsNkdf ;/sf/ aGg] ;+efjgf lyPg . t/ xfdL /fhgLlts dfG5] ePsfn] /fhgLlts ljZn]if0f u/]/ lx8f}g . xfdL hlt klg 5f}+ ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts bnn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;/sf/df k7fPsf] xf] . cfGbf]ngdf nflu/x]sf] g]tfnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfPsf x'g\ . Tof] g]tfn] xfdL rf/kf6L;Fu s'/f u/]/ ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpF eg]kl5 of] ;/sf/ ag]sf] xf] . /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ t lng ;Sg'k/\of] lg . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] zflGtsf] kxnk|lt cd]l/sg ;/sf/sf] klg ;dy{g x'G5 eg]/ cd]l/sfdf ;d]t dl;tsf] s'/fsfgLdf oxfFsf clwsf/Lx?n] eg+] .

x}g ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] kfndf klg t tkfO+{nfO{ af]nfPsf] t xf] lg tkfO{+x? hfg'ePsf] eP ToxFf klg kf6Ls} ;/sf/ eOxfNYof] xf]nf lg <

;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] x}l;ot s] lyof] eg] pxfF /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{af6 kf6Lsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ hfg'ePsf] x}g . clxn] t cfGbf]ngdf nflu/x]sf] g]tfnfO{ /fhfn] k|wfgdGqL agfP . Tof] g]tfn] lul/hfafa', g]dlskf ;a} ;Fu s'/f u/]sf] xf] pxfFx? cfpg'ePg . of] /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ :jLsfg'{k/\of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/fsf] nls/kmls/ gxf]cf}+ .
clxn] ;+;b gePsf] a]nf /fhgLlts ?kdf x]g'{k/\of] . of] ;/sf/nfO{ ljb]zL /fi6|n] klg ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ .

nf]s]Gb|sf] ;/sf/nfO{ cfkm"eGbf km/s xf] eg]/ sltlbg hgtfnfO{ 5f/f] xfNg'x'G5 tkfO{x? <

x}g nf]s]Gb|hLsf] ;/sf/sf] g ;dfpg] g s]xL cfwf/ lyof] Tof] t 3fdh:t} 5n{ª 5 lg . xfdL s] 5f}+ eg] kf6Ln] lg0f{o u/]/ dfG5] k7fO/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ /fhfn] agfPsf] x}g . hf]ud]x/nfO{ /fk|kfn] agfPsf] xf] . clxn] kf6Ln] agfPsf] /fhgLlts oyfy{tfnfO{ OGsf/ ul/lbg] < nf]s]Gb|hLsf] kfnfdf l6k]/ dGqL agfOPsf] lyof] t/ clxn] Tof] x}g .

h:tf] d]fxdb df]xl;gnfO{ s;n] agfof] <

pxfFnfO{ s'g} kf6Lsf] tkm{af6 x}g k|wfgdGqLn] :jtGq a'l4hLjLsf] tkm{af6 lnPsf] xf] .

tkfO{x? cGo /fhgLlts bnx?;Fusf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ 5f8]/ /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;/sf/df uPsf] eGg'eof] v} t oltsf lbg;Dd s] lgsf; lbg'eof] t <

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