;dfrf/ ;+If]k

g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/ l:yltk|lt cd]l/sfdf lrGtf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jflN6df]/, l8;]Da/ !(, @))%

%& cf+} cGt/fli6"o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;sf cj;/sf g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7g, d]l/Nof08 zfvfn] aflN6df]/df ut cfOtjf/ Ps ljrf/uf]i7L sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .
g]kfnsf] jt{dfg dfgjclwsf/sf] l:ylt ljifos ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf nflu g]kfnsf k"j{ :yfoL k|ltlglw d'/f/L/fh zdf{n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df p+xfn] g]kfndf k|hftGq k|j4{g / dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjfh a'nGb ug'{ ljZjsf h'g;'s} s'gfdf a;}sf g]kfnLx?sf] klg clwsf/ / st{Jo ePsf} :ki6 kfg'{eof] . :jb]zdf v:sbf] dfgj clwsf/sf] jt{dfg l:ylt k|lt lrGtf JoQm ub}{ p+xfn] JolQmsf] af+Rg kfpg] cfwf/e"t g};lu{s clwsf/ ;'/Iffsf nflu /fHo kIf uDeL/ x'g' kg]{df hf]8 lbg' eof] .
dfgj clwsf/ / /fhgLlt 5'6\ofpg g;lsg] wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ p+xfn] dfgj clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf lgldQ cd]l/sfdf z'? ePsf] ;f+u7lgs kxnsf] ;Xxgf ;d]t ug'{ eof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfnL cd]l/sg klJns ckm]o;{ sfplG;nsf ;efklt 8f= Zofd sfsL{n] hgtfsf] cfjfhnfO{ s;}n] aGb ug{ g;Sg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ eof] . cd]l/sf h:tf] dfgj clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ePsf] /fi6"df /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] ;fd"lxs / ;f+u7lgs tj/n] o; lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ubf{ :jb}zdf dfgj clwsf/ / k|hftGq axfnLsf lglDt s[ofzLn ;a}nfO{ g}lts an k'U5 eGg] pxf+sf] wf/0ff lyof] . px+fn eGg' eof] hGde"ld g]kfnsf] jt{dfg l:yltaf6 cgle1 /xg' sfo/tf xf}, xfdL To;/L sfo/ x'g ;Sb}gf} .
zfvfsf ;+of]hs /fhg lqkf7Lsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;ldlt cd]l/sfsf ;efklt 8f= an/fd cof{nn] dfgj clwsf/sf If]qdf ;+u7Lt k|of; z'? ePsf]df v'zL JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 8f= cg'k kxf8Ln] d'n'sdf hf/L lx+;f k|ltlx+;fn] dfgj clwsf/sf] Jofks pn+3g ePsf] rrf{ ub}{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ /fhgLlts bfo/feGbf aflx/ uP/ x]g{ cfu|x ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf k|j]z ;f] ;+u7gsf ;Nnfxsf/ P+j Pdg]i6L g]kfnsf k"j{ ;efklt s[i0f s+8]nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;dfh;]jL u0f]z dn]uf] / afgfsf sf]iffWoIf ljho >]i7n] cfof]hs ;:yfsf tkm{af6 dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gsf s]lb|o ;b:o lgns07 zdf{ / sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly d'/f/L/fh zdf{nfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ug'{ eof] .
zfvfsf csf{ ;Nnfxsf/ P+j nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtn] /fli6"o efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t /fli6"o uLt / dGtJo ;lxt :jfut ug'{ ePsf] lyof] ;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lgns07 zdf{, aflN6df]/ cd]l/sf g]klnh ;f];fOl6 afgfsf cWoIf df]xg yfkf, cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO{6Lsf cWoIf k|]d ;+u|f}nf, clwjQmf lbg]z lqkf7L, lkmhL ljZj laBfnosf 8f= ;'sb]j zfx nufotsf jQmfx?n] :jb]zdf v:sbf] dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltk|lt lrGtf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
zfvfsf dxf;lrj uf}td bfxfnn] ;+rflnt / sf]iffWoIf ls/0f kGyn] WfGojfb 1fkg ug'{ ePsf} ;f] sfo{qmddf d]l/Nof08, elh{lgof, jfl;+u6g l8= ;L= nufotsf /fHodf 5l/P/ /x}sf ljleGg If]qsf g]kfnLx?sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

b]z u0ftGqtkm{ pGd"v M kxf8L

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ @), @))%

g]kfnsf dfgjclwsf/ tyf gful/s cfGbf]ngsf rlr{t JolQmTj s[i0f kxf8Ln] 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ Ps sfo{qmd aLr ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] .
To; qmddf pxfFn] g]kfnsf] km]j|'c/L Ps kl5sf] l:yltsf ;DaGwdf k|sfz kfb}{ /fhfn] b]znfO{ lrxfgdf kl/0ft ug]{ b'Zk|of; u/]sf] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L kxf8Ln] PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgnsf] cfdGq0fdf 8]9 dlxgf nfdf] cfkm\gf] o'/f]k / cd]l/sfsf] e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf kIfdf k|fKt cGt/f{li6|o ;b\efjsf ;DaGwdf klg k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . /fhfsf] sbdn] cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfonfO{ g]kfndf gful/ssf df}lnsxsx? xgg ePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} e|d gePsfn] clxn]sf] ;/sf/ ljZj ;d'bfoaf6 PlSnPsf] s'/f klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
;Daf]wgsf qmddf pxfFn] b]z clxn] sl7g ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] ;'/lIft cjt/0fsf nflu zflGtk"0f{ k|of; vf]hL eO/x]sf] pNn]v ug'{eof] .
clxn]sf] gful/s ;dfhsf] bfloTj ;bfsf nflu gful/snfO{ bf;tfaf6 d'lQm / :jfledfgL ;GttLsf] eljio ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] eGg'x'Fb} kxf8Ln] Tof] bfloTj nf]stGqk|lt ljZjf; /fVg] ;a}nfO{ ;r]t /xg cfu|x ug'{eof] .
cfhsf] ljZjdf a+z k/Dk/fsf] /fh;+:yfsf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/x]sf] dfq x}g ck/flws / lx+;fTds lqmofsnfkdf ;DnUg egL /fli6|o tyf cGt/f{li6|o ?kd} abgfd 1fg]Gb|sf] zf;gdf cj s'g} g]kfnLnfO{ ljZjf; g/x]sfn] b]z efjfgfTds ?kdf u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf uO;s]sf]n] ca To;nfO{ d"t{ ?k lbg dfq afFsL /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
ljutdf /fhgLlts bnx?af6 ePsf s]xL sdL sdhf]/LnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ @)$& ;fnkl5 b]zdf v/fj} dfq eof] eGg' /fhfsf :j]R5frf/L sbdnfO{ ;fy lbg' dfq xf] eGg'x'Fb} ljut !@ jif{df pknAwL ePsf /fd|f kIfnfO{ Go'g cfFSg gx'g] klg atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] /fv]sf ljleGg k|Zgx?sf] ;d]t hjfkm kxf8Ln] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgnsf Pl;of k|zfGt If]qsf nflu 8L;L sfof{nosf lgb]{zs 6L s'df/n] g]kfnsf] zflGtk"0f{ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf nfUg] s;}nfO{ klg y'Gg] / bdg ug]{ e"n g]kfnn] ug]{ 5}g eGg'x'Fb} pxfFn] g]kfn clxn] PDg]i6Lsf] gh/df ;'8fg hlts} u+eL/ / lrGtf hgs cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'Fbf PDg]i6Ln] lg/Gt/ g]kfnaf/] cg'udg ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf k|]d ;+u|f}nfnn] klg g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs gful/s cfGbf]ngsf nflu cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?af6 ug{ ;Sg] ;xof]u ;b}j /xg] atfpFb} gful/ssf df}lns xs xgg u/]/ cj s'g} klg zf;s ;Qfdf l6ls/xg g;Sg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] sfo{mqmddf ;xefuLx?nfO{ wGojfb1fkg ub}{ eljiodf klg o:t} ;xof]u /xg] ck]Iff /fVg'eof] .
sfo{qmd cd]l/sf g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3 -g]kfnLkf]i686sd_ ;]A; pQ/ cd]l/sf, cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L / PDg]i6L cd]l/sfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng g]kfnLkf]i6sf ;Dkfbs ls/0f l;6f}nfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 8L;L d]6|f] If]qsf g]kfnLx?sf] pNn]Vo pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
o;cl3 jfl;+ª6g e|d0fsf bf}/fgdf kxf8Ln] XjfO6 xfp;, Soflk6n lxn -cd]l/sL ;+;b_, :6]6 l8kf6{d]G6 / s+u|];sf clwsf/Lx?;Fu g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf af/]df 5nkmn ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L cd]l/sL ;f;+b, Xo'dg/fO6;\ jfr nufotsf dfgjclwsf/LjfbL ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglwx? tyf PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn jfl;+ª6gsf] sfof{nodf cfof]lht Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf ;+u7g :yfkgf

;'b{zg l;+v8f
a]lNhod gf]e]Da/ @), @))%

a]lNhodf /x]sf k|jf;L k|hftGqjfbL g]kfnLx?sf] e]nfn] g]kfnsf ;ft /fhgLlts bnx?4f/f ;~rflnt k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ k"0f{ ;dy{g ub}{ pQm cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn 8]df]qm]l6s kmf]/d a]lNhod u7g ul/Psf] 5 .
pNsf l3ld/]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t !& ;b:oLo pQm ;ldltsf ;b:ox?df qmdzM aln/fd emf, uf]kfn ;fksf]6f, lb3{dfg >]i7, w|'a/fh kf}8\ofn, Ps]Gb|s'df/ >]i7, OGb| If]qL -ks\jfg_, /fd yfkf, z]v/ sF8]n, >L/fd k|;fOF{, ;'b{zg l;+v8f, l6sf/fd u'?8), 6+sk|;fb zdf{, nfnaxfb'/ vqL, nIdL >]i7, /fdxl/ /fodfemL / ?b| nD;fn /xg'ePsf] 5 .
u7g kZrft km]f/d4f/f hf/L k|]; lj1lKtdf cd]l/sL /fhb"t h]D;df]l/of6LgL nufotsf :jb]zL tyf ljbzL s"6gLlt1x? / ldq/fi6| ef/tsf g]tfx? tyf ef/t ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 g]kfndf k|hftGq axfnLsf nflu ePsf ;+Dk"0f{ k|of;sf] ;dy{g ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnsf afnaflnsf ;dfg clwsf/sf xsbf/ 5g\ M o'lg;]km

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}F, !( gf]e]Da/ @))%

ljZjsf /fi6"x¿n] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f tyf lxt;DaGwL ;femf dfkb08x¿af/] ;xdlt hgfPsf] lbgsf] :d[lt lbj;sf ¿kdf …gf]e]Da/ @)Ú /x]sf] o'lg;]kmn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ul/ hgfPsf] 5 .
æ;g\ !(*( df ;+o'Qm /fi6";‹Lo dxf;efåf/f kfl/t afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw cfh ljZjd} ;a}eGbf Jofks ¿kdf cg'df]lbt dfgj clwsf/ ;Demf}tf xf]Æ, g]kfnsf nflu o'lg;]kmsf k|ltlglw 8f= ;'cf]dL ;fsfO{n] cfh eGg'eof] .
æ!* jif{eGbf d'lgsf sf]xL klg JolQm afns÷aflnsf x'g\ / ljz]if :ofxf/ tyf ;+/If0f pgsf] clwsf/ xf] eGg] s'/f g} o; dxf;GwLsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . æ
æljz]if :ofxf/ tyf ;+/If0f;DaGwL of] clwsf/ ;a} /fi6"sf ;a} afnaflnsfsf ;Gbe{df ;w}F nfu" x'G5 . /fi6"nfO{ ;tfO/x]sf] åGå jf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿sf sf/0f s'g} klg lsl;daf6 s6f}tL ug{ ;lsg] clwsf/ of] xf]Og .
æjf:tjdf, ljz]ifu/L o:t} ;dodf g} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if :ofxf/ tyf ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf kg{] s'/faf/] jo:sx¿ cfkm}n] emg\ a9L rf;f] lng'k5{ .Æ
8f= ;fsfO{n] pQm dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ eg]sf] /fi6"x¿n] lng' kg]{ klxnf] kfOnf dfq xf] eGg'eof] . x:tfIf/ ug{] /fi6"x¿n] To;kl5 pgLx¿sf afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg'g tyf k|lqmofx¿ pQm dxf;lGwsf cGt/f{li6"o dfkb08 cg'¿k ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ tL sfg'g tyf k|lqmofx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg{] bfloTj o; dxf;lGwn] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . /fi6"x¿n] cfkm"n] afnaflnsfsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf k|ultsf ;DaGwdf afn clwsf/ ;ldlt;dIf lgoldt ¿kdf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{k5{ .
;g\ !(() df o; dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ ug{] g]kfnn] pQm ;ldlt;dIf cfˆgf] kl5Nnf] k|ltj]bg ;g\ @))% sf] d] dlxgfdf k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] / pQm ;ldltn] …lgisiff{Tds l6Kk0fLÚ sf ¿kdf ut h'g dlxgfdf df pQm k|ltj]bgk|lt k|ltlqmof hgfO;s]sf] 5 .
æpQm ;ldltn] sfg'g, dxf;lGwx¿sf] cg'df]bg Pj+ /fli6"o of]hgfx¿sf] th'{df h:tf s'/fx¿df k|z:t ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gx¿ b]lvPsf] pNn]v ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfndf eO/x]sf] ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f afnaflnsfdf …cToGt gsf/fTds k|efjÚ kl//x]sf] klg pNn]v u/]sf] 5, æ 8f= ;fsfO{n] eGg'eof] .
æpQm ;ldltn] …;z:q åGå tyf ;Í6sfnLg l:yltsf sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf] qf;, c;'/Iff Pj+ b08xLgtfsf] jftfj/0fÚ af6 g]kfnsf afnaflnsfsf] …:j:y ljsf;df zfl/l/s tyf dgf]j}1flgs tj/n] uDeL/ gsf/fTds k|efjÚ k/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5Æ, pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
pQm ;ldltn] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ klg pQm kf6L{ sfo{/t /x]sf] If]qdf afn clwsf/x¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ cfXjfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L 8f= ;fsfO{n] lbg'ePsf] 5 .
o;sf ;fy;fy}, ;ldltn] >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ o; dxf;lGwsf] /fHo kIf"sf ¿kdf ;b}j o; dxf;lGwnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ tyf ljz]if kl/l:yltx¿df ;d]t o;sf s'g} klg Joj:yfx¿nfO{ pk]Iff gug{ k'gM:d/0f u/fPsf] 5 . o;n] afnaflnsflj¿4sf] lx+;fsf ;Gbe{df b]lvPsf b08xLgtflj¿4 n8\gsf nflu ;zQm kxn ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
ædxf;lGw cGtu{tsf cg]sf}F If]qx¿, ljz]ifu/L lzIff, :jf:Yo, kf]if0f tyf ;+/If0f;DaGwL afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x¿sf ;Gbe{df k|ult ug{sf nflu o'lg;]kmn] ;/sf/nfO{ ;3fO/x]sf] 5Æ, 8f= ;fsfO{n] eGg'eof], æ/, xfdL yk ;xof]u pknAw u/fpgsf nflu tTk/ eP/ a;]sf 5f}F .
æafn clwsf/ dxf;lGwdf Joj:yf ul/Psf clwsf/x¿k|lt g]kfnsf afnaflnsf klg cGo d'n'sx¿sf afnaflnsf hlQs} xsbf/ 5g\ .Æ

Sofgf8fdf b]p;L

uf]ljGb a'9fdu/
df]lG6l/on Sofgf8f !& gf]e]Dj/ @))%

Sofg]l8ogx?n] klg cfkm\g} g]kfnL ;+:s[lt emNsfpg] u/L cf, cfkm\g} tl/sfn] ltxf/ dgfPsf 5g\ . l9nf] u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ (Nepalese association in Quebec,Canada) n] klxnf] k6s @)^@ ;fnsf] g]kfnsf] bf];|f] dxfg kj{df b]p;L e}nf] sfo{s|d dgfPsf 5g\ . PPgSo'sf jt{dfg cWoIf lx/f lx/]Gb| vqLsf] g]t[Tjdf Sofgf8f df]G6l/onaf;L g]kfnLx?sf] 3/ cf+ugdf g]kfnL snf ;+:s[ltsf] w'g lnP/ b]p;L e}nf] v]n]sf lyP .
o;df ;fy lbg] snfsf/x?df /fh /f]sf, l;nf ;}+h', pj{;L vqL / clgtf >]i7 ;fy} of] sfo{s|dnfO{ xf};nf / dfof lbb} k"j{ cWoIfx?sf] klg ;xof]u / pkl:ylt lyof] ;fy} PPgSo'sf ;b:o OGb| vqLn] g]kfnL w'gdf sDd/ dsf{O dsf{O gfr]/ emg\ sfo{s|dnfO{ /f]rs t'NofPsf lyP . ;fy} PPgSo'sf ;lrj cTdf/fd >]i7 / ;b:o uf]ljGb a'9fdu/sf ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] k"0f{ ;xof]u lyof] . o;/L ;ft ;d"Gb| kfl/ klg g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\g} snf ;F+:s[lt arfP/ /fVg Sofgf8fh:tf] ;dosf] cefjdf klg cfkm\gf] sfdnfO{ yf+tL /fv]/ aiff}{b]lv ltxf/ dfGg gkfPsf ltxf/sf] b]p;Lsf] w'g ;'GGf gkfPsf g]kfnL kl/jf/sf] 3/ cf+ugdf e}nL 6f]nL b]Vbf /dfPsf dfq lyPgg\ dfbnsf] tfndf sDd/ s;]/ gf+Rg klg kl5 x6]sf lyPgg\ / ;a} kl/jf/n] ;Ddfgsf ;fy :jfut u/]sf lyP . o;/L g} cfp+bf lbgx?df klg o;/L g} dgfpg] cfu|x klg u/]sf lyP . cGtdf PPgSo'sf kl/jf/n] ;Dk"0f{ ;xof]uLx?nfO{ xflb{s wGoafb lbPsf] lyof] .

/fhf cfkm\g} ;+ljwfg nf2g p2t

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
;fgk|mfglG:sf] gf]e]Da/ !%, @))%

g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng rf8}+ g} lg0ff{os ljGb'df k'Ug] ljZjf; s[i0f kxf8Ln] JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 .
kxf8Ln] pQm s'/f ;fgk|mfglG:sf]df ;DkGg PDg]i6L OG6/Gofzgnsf] klZrd If]qLo ;Dd]ngdf atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
pxfFn] /fhfsf] ;/sf/n] k|]; lj?2 NofPsf] cWofb]z u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf lj?2sf] cWofb]z cfbLn] /fhf cfkm\g} ;+ljwfg nf2g p2t /x]sf] atfpFb} g]kfndf czflGtsf] sf/s tTj /fhtGqsf] dxTjfsf+Iff ePsf] s'/f klg pQm ;Dd]ngdf atfpg'eof] .
To;}u/L ;f]xL lbg kxf8Ln] ;fg\ k|mfglG:sf]l:yt uf]N8]g u]6 o'lgel;{6Ldf g]kfnL tyf ljb]zLx? ;d]t /x]sf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf lxdfnog ;]G6/ km/ hl:6;4f/f cfof]lht csf]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] gf]e]Da/ !$ sf lbg o'lgel;{6L ckm Soflnkmf]lg{of aSn]df cfof]lht csf]{ Ps sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t kxf8Ln] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfnL snfsf/x? hd{gLdf

ljqmd tfdfª
hd{g gf]e]Da/ !%, @))%

hd{gsf] Sof;6|f]k /S;f}ndf cjl:yt Ps xf]6ndf gf]e]Da/ !! tfl/vsf lbg lxdfnog cfOh af]s]{g / ;u/dfyf ;dfh P;]gsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnaf6 ækfOnfÆ gfds rnlrqsf] ;'l6ªsf qmddf o'/f]k tyf cl:6|of cfOk'u]sf l;g] snfsfx?nfO{ Ps /flq ef]h tyf clegGbg ul/of] .
pQm sfo{qmddf snfsf/x?nfO{ :jfut ug]{ qmddf lxdfnog cfOhsf ;+:yfks cWoIf ljho nfdf df]Qmfgn] g]kfnL l;g] hutn] o'/f]kdf ;'l6ª u/]sf] b]Vg kfpFbf xfdL ;a} g]kfnLsf nflu uj{sf] s'/f /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
gfos lzj >]i7, gflosf piff kf}8\ofn, gfos lblnk /fodfemL, gfos cd[t nfdf, 4G4 lgb]{zs /fh]Gb| v8\uL, lgdf{tf tyf lgb]{zs clgn ;+u|f}nf, g[To lgb]{zs e'jg >]i7 / Sofd/fDofg /fh' dfgGw/nfO{ cfof]hsx?sf tkm{af6 ;Ddfg :j?k k|df0fkq ;d]t ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf :yfgLo snfsfx? sdnf bfxfn, O{zf kf}8\ofn / k|flKt l3ld/]n] cfkm\gf cfkm\gf g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] sfo{qmddf lw/h /fO{ / ;Gtf]if u'?ªn] k|:t't u/]sf g]kfnL nf]suLtdf ;fy lbO{ ;a} pkl:yt cfuGt'sx? ;d]t gfr]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf cGh' l3ld/] / ch'{g sfkm\n] klg snfsfx?sf] :jfut ub}{ cfkm\gf dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f]if0f bof/fd kf}8\ofnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hs lxdfnog cfOhsf ljho nfdf x'g'x'GYof] .

cd]l/sfsf If]qLo ;Dd]ngx?df kxf8L

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
af]:6g gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

PDg]i6L OG6/ g]zgn cd]l/sfsf] pQ/ k"jL{ If]qsf] tLg lbj;Lo If]qLo ;Dd]ng !@ gf]e]Da/b]lv af]:6g o'lgel;{6Ldf k|f/De ePsf] 5 .
sl/j ^ ;o hgfsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] ;f] ;Dd]ngdf cd]l/sfsf] pQ/ k"jL{ /fHosf dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?sf] ljz]if ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
;Dd]ngsf] klxnf] lbgsf] d'Vo jQmfsf ?kdf PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn g]kfnsf k"j{ ;efklt s[i0f kxf8LnfO{ cfdGq0f ul/Psf] lyof] . kxf8Ln] ;Daf]wg ug'{cl3 pxfFsf af/]df agfOPsf] j[Q lrq ;d]t k|:t't ul/b} pxfFsf] ljz]if kl/ro u/fOPsf] lyof] .
kxf8Ln] pQm ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf nflu k|f/De ePsf] ;+3if{df ;du| o'jf k':tf xf]ldPsf] / hghLjgsf] k|To]s If]qn] ;d]t ;dy{g ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df rf8}+ g} g]kfndf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf x'g] ljZjf; ug'{eof] .
of] lg0ff{os n8fOFdf :jtGqtfsf k"hf/Lx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf cufl8 a9\g] / h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ klg tof/ /x]sf] atfpFb} pxfFn] cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfoaf6 lg/Gt/ cg'udg tyf ;xof]u kfpFb} hfg] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] .
kxf8Lsf] dGtJo kl5 ;xefuLx?n] g]kfnsf] dfgjclwsf/sf af/]df ljz]if rf;f] /fVb} ljleGg k|Zgx? /fv]sf / To;sf] hjfkm lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
kxf8Lsf] dGtJo ;lsPkl5 ;xefuLx?n] st{nWjgLsf ;fy p7]/ nfdf] ;do;Dd tfnL ahfP/ ;Ddfg JoQm u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L kxf8Ln] !! tfl/vsf lbg af]:6g sn]hdf cfof]lht csf]{ 5'§} sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sf a;fOsf qmddf :yfgLo ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ;d]t kxf8Lk|lt ljz]if rf;f] b]vfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ eg] ljleGg j]j ;fO6x?df kxf8L ;lDdlnt sfo{qmdsf af/]df ljz]if k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
kxf8L zlgaf/ /flt g} PDg]i6L cd]l/sfsf] klZrdL If]qLo ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf ;fgk|mfl:;sf] k'Ug'ePsf] 5 .

/fhf / bn ldNg] s'/f g]kfnLn] gsf/L;s]sf 5g\

/fhf / bn ldNg] eg]sf] c:yfoL k|lqmof dfq ePsf] s'/f PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn, cd]l/sfsf] cfof]hgfdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ljZj hgdt lgdf{0f ug]{ lznlznfdf cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug'ePsf dfgjclwsf/ tyf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqjfbL g]tf s[i0f kxf8Ln] Ps k|fl1s e]nfdf atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
gf]e]Da/ !) tfl/vsf lbg af]:6gl:yt gy{ OG6g ljZjljBfnosf] Ps ;efsIfdf ;DkGg cd]l/sL k|fl1sx?;Fusf] 5nkmnsf ;Gbe{df kxf8Ln] cufl8 eGg'eof], /fhf / bn ldNg uPdf d'n'sdf :yfoL zflGt gNofpg] x'Fbf /fhf / bn ldNg'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] gsf/L ;s]sf] o; kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df c;fGble{s s'/f u/]/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg gx'g] s'/fdf pxfFn] k|i6 kfg'{eof] .
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq k|fo ;a} :jfledfg g]kfnLsf] rfxgf ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ pxfFn] cfkm\gf] o'/f]k tyf cd]l/sfsf e|d0fsf qmddf ;j{q 7"nf] ;b\efj kfPsf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L s[i0f kxf8Ln] gf]e]Da/ ( tfl/vsf lbg /f]8cfONof08l:yt a|fpg ljZjljBfnodf ;DkGg cd]l/sL nAwk|ltli7tx?sf] Ps csf{{] e]nfdf /fhf / hgtfaLrdf k|ToIf 4G4 z'?ePsf] cGt/f{li6|o ;d'xn] klg v'n]/ hgtfnfO{ ;fy lbg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] / /fhfnfO{ lbOg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;dy{g cGttM hgtfs} lj?2 k|of]u x'g] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
;f]xL cj;/df pQm ljZjljBfnosf nAw k|ltli7t k|f1x?sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbb+} kxf8Ln] Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;Sg'kg]{ / uNtL bf]xf]/\pg gx'g] casf] cfGbf]ngn] /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsf/ gug]{ x'Fbf v'n]/ cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfon] nf]stflGqs kIfw/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;fy lbg ;d]t cfu|x ug'{eof] .

blIf0f sf]l/ofdf g]kfnLsf] d[To'

e/t g]kfn
blIf0f sf]l/of OG;g gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] e}/xjf 3/ ePsf sl/a ## jlif{o uf]ljGb s];L gf]e]Da/ ( tfl/v ;fFem ;f9] ;ft ah]lt/ cfkm}+n] sfd ug]{ sDkgL glhs} 56k6fO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL sDkgLsf ;fx'n] km]nf kf/]sf / :yfgLo c:ktfn k'/\ofpFbf k'/\ofpFb} s];Lsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] tLg jif{ k'Ug nfu]sf lgh s];L sfd ug]{ sDkgLdf csf{ Ps hgfdfq g]kfnL sfd ub}{ cfPsf / ;fFem ;ft jh];Dd sfd u/]sf lyP .
s];L Pl;8 sDkgLdf sfd ug]{ ePsfn] lghsf] d[To ljif ;]jgaf6 geO{ Pl;8af6 x'g uPsf] z+sf :yfgLo g]kfnLx?n] u/]sf 5g\ eg] sDkgL dflnsn] eg] s];Ln] ljif ;]jg u/]sf] z+sf u/]sf 5g\ .
c:ktfnsf] kf]:6df6{dsf] cflwsf/Ls hfgsf/L cem} k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
lghsf] nfznfO{ lhDdf lng] JolQm ;+3;+:yf sf]xL gePsf sf/0fn] :yfgLo rr{sf] ;xof]udf lghsf] kf]i6df6{d tyf g]kfnaf6 >LdtL ;d]t af]nfP/ nfz lhDdf nufpg] k|of; eO/x]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .
gfe]Da/ ( tfl/vsf lbg pQm 36gf ePsf] eP klg :yfgLo g]kfnLx? ;a} sfdsfddf ePsf sf/0f !# tfl/v cfOtaf/sf lbgdfq d[tsnfO{ x]g{sf nflu g]kfnLx?sf] c:ktfndf eL8 nfu]sf] lyof] .

a]lNhodf >bfGhnL ;ef

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
a]lNhod gf]e]Da/ !#, @))%

gf]e]Da/ !! sf] lbgnfO{ k|yd laZj o'4sf] cGt ul/ xltof/ la;fPsf] lbg / To; o'4df zxfbt k|fKt ug'{'ePsf AolQmx?sf] :d/0fdf aif]{gL laleGg d'n'ssf AolQmx? e]nf eO{ a]lNhodsf] Ok/df >|bfGhnL sfo{qmd dgfpg] rng 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{Dff g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g g]kfnL hghflt ;/f]sf/ d~r, o"/f]kn] s]xL aif{b]lv k|yd ljZj o'4df zxfbt k|fKt ug'{x'g] g]kfnLx?k|lt klg >|bfGhnL sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .
pQm lbg g]kfnL hghflt ;/f]sf/ d~r, o"/f]ksf] cfof]hgfdf a]lNhodsf] Ok/df g]kfnLx?sf] laz]if pkl:ylt ;lxt laleGg d'n'ssf AolQmx? e]nf ePsf] :d[lt :yndf >|bfGhnL sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
xf]d u'?Ën] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] pQm sfo{qmd g]kfnL hghflt ;/f]sf/ d~r, o"/f]ksf k|ltlglw udaxfb'/ u'?Ësf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df ;efklt u'?ªn] g]kfnLx?n] Tolta]nfsf] ;do cg'';f/ k|yd laZj o'4df ;xefuL eP/} eo klg g]kfnnfO{ aL/x?sf] b]z eg]/ ljZj;fd' kl/lrt u/fpg ;kmn ePsf lyP eGg] s'/f cfˆgf] dGtAosf] qmddf /fVg' ePs]f lyof] .
To;} cj;/df g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r, a]lNhod n'e]g If]lqo cWoIf bfdf]b/ cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] dGtAosf] qmddf g]kfnLx? cfh g]kfnnfO{ csf{sf] b]zsf] nflu n8\g] ef8fsf l;kfxLx? hGdfpg] b]z xf]Og, cfˆg} b]z leqsf] cGofo, cTofrf/, pTkL8g, c;dfgtf / k'0f{ :jtGqtf k|flKtsf nflu n8\g] aL/ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] b]zsf] ?kdf ljZj;fd' kl/lrt u/fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ ;fy} g]kfnLx? b]zsf] jt{dfg kmfF;LafbL lg/+s'z ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGTo ul/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5g\ / of] g} cfhsf] k|d'v cfj:ostf xf] eGg] s'/fdf cfˆgf] :ki6 wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .
;f]xL qmddf g]kfnL hgk|utLzLn d~r, a]lNhod n'e]g If]lqo sld6Lsf ;b:o xl/s'df/ kf7sn] k|yd ljZj o'4df k|f0fsf] cfx'tL ug'{ ePsf ;Dk'0f{ g]kfnLx?sf] kl/jf/nfO{ plrt Ifltk'lt{ lbg' kg]{ ljifodf ;DalGwt lgsfox? g]kfn ;/sf/, a]nfot ;/sf/ / e"tk'j{ ;}lgs ;+u7gx? h:tf ;+:yfx?n] xfn;Dd vf;} dxTj glbPsf]df cfnf]rgf ub}{ ;f] ljifodf ljz]if ?kdf Wofglbg' kg]{ cfjZostf dfly k|sfz kfg'{eof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ;jfndf b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+;lbo bnx?, k]zfut ;+u7gx?, gful/s ;dfh, dfgjclwsf/jfbLx? nufot cfd :jfeLdfgL g]kfnLx? ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGq;Fu ;Demf}tfxLg ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmddf uf]naGb x'b} cuf8L a9g' kg]{ cfhsf] k|d'v cfj:ostf xf] eGg] s'/f /fVb} ;efsf ;efklt ud axfb'/ u'?Ëaf6 sfo{qmd ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .

plbtnfO{ :j/ ;d|f6sf] pkflw

nf]s]z zfx æcfog{Æ
d'Da}, gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

dxf/fi6"sf pkd'VodGqL cf/=cf/= kfl6nn] oxfF 57 kj{sf] cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf ufos plbt gf/fo0fnfO{ :j/ ;d|f6sf] kbljn] cn+s[t u/] . kfl6nn] ;"of]{kf;gfsf] dxfkj{ 57sf] cj;/df lxhf] d'Da}sf] h'x' rf}kf6Ldf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf pQm pkflw plbtnfO{ k|bfg u/] . ;df/f]xdf ef/tLo s|f+u|]; g]tf Pj+ k"j{dGqL s[kf z+s/ l;+x, c?0f u'h/ftL, xfF:o snfsf/ cf]d ld>, ;'k|l;4 ef/tLo nf]s ufoLsf ddtfsf] klg pkl:yt lyof] .
xhf/f}+ 57 >4fn'sf pkl:yltdf plbt gf/fo0fn] 57 kj{sf uLt ufP/ ;a}sf] dg lht]sf lyP .

kqsf/sf] cfGbf]ng lg0f{os x'g]

z+s/ vgfn
afFs] gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnsf s]lGb|o cWoIf afns[i0f rfkfufO{n] kqsf/x/sf] cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os x'g] atfpg' ePsf] 5 .
k|]; rf}tf/L af+s] lhNnf zfvfsf] t]>f] ;Dd]ngsf] a'wjf/ g]kfnu~hdf pb\3f6g ub}{ cWoIf rfkfufO{+n] kqsf/x?sf] casf] cfGbf]ngkl5 s'g} cfGbf]ng gx'g] 7f]s'jf ug'{eof] .
jxf+n] eGg'eof]-'xfdL lg0ff{os cfGbf]ngsf] df]8df k'u]sf 5f}+ . of] cfGbf]ngn] k|]; :jtGqtf ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .Æ
lg/+s'ztf nfb\b} hfg] ;~rf/ cWofb]z k|ltudgsf] csf]{ ?k xf] . ca k|hftflGqs clwsf/ jxfnL ug{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf nflu cfGbf]ng ug'{k5{ -jxf+sf] 7x/ lyof] .
k|]; rf}tf/Lsf s]lGb|o pkfWoIf z/b clwsf/Ln] g]kfnL k|]; hut ;+s6af6 ;+s|d0fsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sfn] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] .
;/sf/n] ;~rf/ cWofb]zsf] ;a}eGbf cj1f u/]sf] hgfp+b} jxf+n] eGg'eof]- ;/sf/n] s'g} klg k|sfzg ;+:yfn] # j6f ;~rf/ dfWofd ;~rfng ug{ kfp+b}g eG5 . t/ ;/sf/n] g} ;a}eGbf al9 ;~rf/ dfWofd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] hlt ;lsG5 ;~rf/ cWofb]zsf] cj1f ub}{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ .Æ
;+:yfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o sdn]z 8L=;L=n] ;~rf/ cWofb]zn] g]kfnsf] k|]; :jtGqtf !^ cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ ws]Ng] k|of; u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg' eof] .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 af+s] zfvf ;efklt k|]d s]=;L=n] ;/sf/n] h:tf];'s} if8\oGq /r] klg g]kfnL k|]; hut sdhf]/ gePsf] ljrf/ AoQm ub}{ bdg ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ 3'+8f 6]sfO5f8\g] bfjL ug'{eof]] .
;f] sfo{qmddf g]=s=kf=-Pdfn]_ c~rn ;dGjo ;ldlt ;lrj nId0f 1jfnL, ef/lto kqsf/ dlg/fd zdf{, cu|h kqsf/ /]zd lj/xL, kqsf/ lzj 8f]6]n, hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf cfO{=kL=v/]n, g]=sf=sf 8f=c?0f sf]O/fnf, nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] sfdgf u/]sf lyP .

kqsf/ 8f]6]n ;Ddflgt
k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfn af+s] zfvfn] kqsf/ lzj 8f]6]nnfO{ a'wjf/ g]kfnu~hdf ;Ddflgt u¥of] .
df]km;ndf sfo{/t ! hgf kqsf/nfO{ x/]s aif{ k|]; rf}tf/L lbjzdf ;Ddfg ug]{ 3f]if0ff cg'?k k|]; :jtGqtf / k|hftGqsf] kIfdf Aoj;flos kqsfl/tfdf pNn]vgL of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] hgfpb} o; aif{ 8f]6]nnfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] xf] .
k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnsf s]lGb|o cWoIf afns[i0f rfkfufO{n] bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg kqsf ;fy ;Ddfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

HofbtL /f]Sgsf nflu /fi6|;+3;dIf cfu|x

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
Go'of]s{ gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3 ejg kl/;/df !( j6f cGt/f{li6|o ;+:yfsf @% hgf k|ltlglwx?;Fu gf]e]Da/ * tfl/vsf lbg ljz]if 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
PDg]i6 OG6/Gofzgnsf] /fi6|;+3l:yt sfof{nodf ePsf] sfo{qmddf s[i0f kxf8Ln] ljz]if dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df ;xefuL ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] g]kfn;DaGwL ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf] kxf8Ln] pQ/ lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr gf]e]Da/ * tfl/v ;fFem Go'of]s{ ljZjljBfnodf ;DkGg k|rjg sfo{qmddf kxf8Ln] cfkm\gf] dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df kxf8Ln] g]kfnsf] dfgjclwsf/ / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf af/]df jt{dfg g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] lbzfaf/] :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .

Zofdn tfd|f6;Fusf] e]6
g]kfnsf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf tyf gful/s cfGbf]gnsf cu'jf s[i0f kxf8Ln] Go'of]s{l:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf dxf;lrjsf jl/i7 /fhgLlts ;Nnfxfsf/ Zofdn tfd|f6;Fu gf]e]Da/ & tfl/vsf lbg /fi6|;+3df e]6 ug'{ePsf] 5 . pQm cj;/df kxf8Ln] ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 / cGt/f{li6|o cGo lgsfox?n] g]kfndf nf]stGq :yfkgfsf nflu v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsfsf af/]df Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf /fhf 1fg]Gb| lbgk|ltlbg emg lg/+s'z xF'b} uPsf / k|]; gful/s ;dfh tyf /fhgLlts bn;Fu ;q'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ a9fpg yfn]sf] ;Gbe{df o:tf HofbtL /f]Sgsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 nufot cGt/f{li6|o ;d'bfon] k|efjsf/L e"ldsf rfNg'kg]{ cfu|x ;d]t tfd|f6;Fusf] e]6df kxf8Ln] ug'{eof] .
o;}u/L gf]e]Da/ & tfl/v ;fFem Go'of]s{l:yt Go' :s'n ljZjljBfnodf ToxfFsf cGt/f{li6|o ljBfyL{x?dfem g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .
Go'of]s{ cfOk'u]s} lbg ^ tfl/vsf ;fFem kxf8Ln] Go'of]s{sf] HofS;g xfO6l:yt ;Togf/fo0f dlGb/df :yfgLo g]kfnLx?dfem Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/sf kxf8Ln] g]kfndf nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngn] g} ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] o'u cGTo ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn dfcf]jfbL lx+;f jf cGo s'g} afWotfsf gfddf ;lqmo /fhtGqsf] cfj/0fdf nk]l6g ;Sb}g . g]kfndf rn]sf] cfGbf]ng nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng dfgjclwsf/, zflGt / nf]stGq :yfkgfsf nflu dfq geP/ of] :jfledfgsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . o;df nfu]sf dfG5]x?n] nIo k|fKt geP;Dd clx+;fTds ?kdf cfGbf]ng hf/L /fVg] s'/f klg k|i6 kfg'{eof] .
pQm cj;/df g]kfnsf] gful/s cfGbf]ngsf] lel8of] 6]k ;d]t k:t't ul/Psf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf 8f= uf]ljGb sf]O/fnf, d[b'nf sf]O/fnf, PnfOG; km/ 8]df]qm];Lsf cWoIf ;+ho k/fh'nL, snfsf/ z}n]z >]i7 tyf lbks v8\sfn] ;d]t cfkm\gf dGtAo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

kxf8L slxn] sxfF
kxf8L gf]e]Da/ !) b]lv !@ tfl/v;Dd af]:6g k'Ug'x'g] / ToxfF ljleGg sfo{qmddf efu ln+b} gf]e]Da/ !# / !$ df ;fgk|mflG:sf] k'Ug'x'g] 5 .
!# s} ;fFem ;fgk|mflG:sf]l:yt lxdfnog ;]G6/ km/ hl:6; gfdsf] Ps g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf tyf PDg]i6L OG6/Gofzgn ;fgk|mflG:sf]sf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnsf] dfgjclwsf/ tyf /fhgLlts 4G4sf af/]df x'g] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng'x'g] ePsf] 5 .
pQm sfo{qmd uf]N8]g u]6 o'lgel;{6L :s'n ckm n ;fgk|mflG:sf]sf] ?d g+= #@)# df x'g] ePsf] s'/f klg sfo{qmd cfof]hs lxdfnog ;]G6/ km/ hl:6;n] hgfPsf] 5 .
kxf8L !$ gf]e]Da/df 8L;L cfOk'Ug'x'g] / 8L;Ll:yt ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?;dIf k'Ug] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 eg] gf]e]Da/ !( tfl/v zlgaf/ lbg 8L;L If]qsf g]kfnL tyf PDg]i6Lsf ;b:ox?;Fusf] Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng'x'g]5 .
pxfF gf]e]Da/ @) tfl/v cfOtaf/ g} 6]S;f;l:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfox?;Fusf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf k'Ug'x'g] / cfufdL @$ tfl/v kxf8Ln] cd]l/sf 5f8\g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

aflN6df]/df g]kfnLx?sf] dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7g

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
d]l/Nof08 gf]e]Da/ !), @))%

g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gsf] d]l/Nof08 -aflN6df]/_ zfvf tby{ ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 5 . g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lgns07 zdf{sf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] pQm tby{ ;ldltdf /fhg lqkf7L, ;+of]hs, uf}td bfxfn ;lrj, ls/0f kGt sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox?df lbks l3ld/], dx]Gb| jfUn], lzj zdf{, ;Gtf]if >]i7 / lbks hd/s§]n /xg'ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ;ldltdf Pd]i6L g]kfnsf k"j{ ;efklt s[i0f s+8]n Pj+ nf]sufos k|]d/fhf dxt ;Nnfxfsf/ /xg'ePsf] ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

;+ljwfg ;ef pko'St ljsNkM 8f ldg]Gb| l/hfn

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
n08g )^ gf]e]Dj/ @))%

g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf k|jStf 8f ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf sld sdhf]/L ePsfn] o;} ;+ljwfgsf] dfWodaf6 ;+;b k'g :yfkgf ul/ gofF ;+lawfgsf nflu ;+lawfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg' g} pko'St lasNk xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
pxfFn] cd]l/sfsf] sf6{/ ;]G6/sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO{ n08g cfpg' ePsf] cj;/df g]kfn tyf lxdfnog cWoog ;d'x, ;f]cf;, n08g o'lge/l;6Lsf] cfof]hgf / ;f]ln8fl/6L g]kfn, g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt, a]nfot, g]kfn 8]df]s|]l6s kmf]/d / la Pg l8 P; nufotsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf ePsf] cGt{lqmof sfo{s|df pSt s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
!@ aif{sf] cjlw pknJbL k'0f{ ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ /fhfsf] Jojxf/ / jt{dfg kl/l:yltn] d'n'snfO{ k"0f{ k|hftGqtkm{ cuf8L a9fPsf] 5 eGg'eof] .
dfcf]jfbLx? ;DalGw laifodf jf]Nb} ;ftkf6L{sf k|ltlglwx?n] Dffcf]jfbLx? ;+u s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf] atfpb} xfdLn] plgx?nfO{ xltof/ 5f]8]/ zflGtk'0f{ cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'g cfXjfg u/]sf 5f}, To;f] ePsf dfcf]jfbL ;+u ;xsfo{ x'g ;Sb5 eGg'eof] .
;xefuLx?n] ;f]w]sf] u0ftGqsf] kZgdf pxfFn] /fhf /xg] g/xg] s'/f;Fu s'g} dxTj /fVb}g t/ d'n'sdf k|hftGq x'g'kb{5 hgtf zlQmsf >f]t x'g'kb{5 oxL dfGotf cg';f/ & kf6L{x? ;xsfo{ ul/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
kf6L{x? 6'lqmP/ k|hftGqnfO{ sdhf]/ t'NofPsf] l:jsfb}{ cfkm" kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] kIfdf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{s|ddf 8f /d]z s'df/ 9'+u]nn] /fhfsf] dxTjsf+Iffn] g} jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] ;[hgf ePsf] xf] eGb} g]kfnsf o'jf g]tfx? OdfGbf/ eP/ g]kfndf k|hftGq k'g:yfkgfsf nflu / g]kfnLx?sf] ljsf;df nfUgkg]{ atfpg'eof] . pSt sfo{s|ddf ;f]ln8fl/6L g]kfnsf ;+of]hs s[i0f pkfWofo, g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldltsf ;efklt k'?iff]Qd kf}]8]n,, 8]df]s||]l6s kmf]/dsf ;+of]hs cfgsnh+u nfdf ;lxt g]kfnLx? / g]kfn;Fu rf;f] /fVg] lab]zLx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

/fhtGqsf] cGTo g]kfnsf] cfj:ostfM uug yfkf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
n08g ;]K6]Da/ ^, @))%

ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkfn] o'uf} b]vL g]kfnL hgtf / d''n''snfO{ zf]if0f ug]{ /fhtGqsf] cGTo g} jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] eGg''ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt, a]nfot (NPCC UK) sf] cfof]hgfdf cS6f]a/ #) df n08gsf] j}DnLdf ePsf] æg]kfndf k|hftGqsf] elaio / xfd|f] bfloTjÆ ljifos cGt{lqmof sfo{s|ddf af]Nb} pxfFn] cuf8L eGg''eof], /fhf lagfsf] u0ftGqfTds k|hftGq g} jt{dfg cj:yfdf /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] ldng laGb'' xf] eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 .
/fhfx?n] g} k6s k6s g]kfnL hgtf ;+usf] ;+emf}tf tf]8]sf 5g\ / hg O{R5f la?2 /fHo ;+rfng u/]sf5g\ / k6s k6s d''n''snfO{ cw]/f]df ws]n]sf 5g\ eGg''eof] . /f0ff zf;gsf] pbo klg /fhef/bf/x?sf] bfpk]rsf] kl/0ffd xf,] h;n] !)$ aif{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ bf; agfof] . olxsfn v08df g]kfnsf /fhfx? ;+a}wflgs lyP, pxfFn] eGg''eof] . /fhf ;Fusf] ;+emf}tfsf 9f]sf ;a} aGb e} ;s]sf 5g\ of] ;a}n] a''em\g kb{5 eGb} g]kfnL hgtf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{g rxfG5g\ t/ To;sf] afws /fhtGq g} xf] . g]kfnn] k''/fgf] kl/ro u''dfO{ ;s]sf]n] xfdLn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / ;F+:s[lts qmfGtLsf] dfWod4f/f gof+ g]kfnsf] kl/ro agfpg kb{5 eGg'' eof] .
xfdL o''jfx?n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxfgfnfO{ kf6L{ leq ;dfa]z ug{ ;d]t ;+3if{ ug{ k/]sf]5 hxf hghftL / k5f8L k/]sf ju{ / ;d''bfox?n] klg ;Ddfg k"j{s d''n''sdf k|hftGqsf] dxz''; ug{ ;s''g\ yfkfn] eGg'' eof] . xfdL k5f8L xf]Og cuf8L a9\g''kb{5 eGb} !@ jif{sf] /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] sfdsf/jfxLn] jt{dfg ;d:of hGdfPsf] ge} k/Dk/fut /fhtGq g} o;sf] d'"n sf/0f xf] eGg'' eof] . cj gofF g]kfnsf nflu clGtd n8fO{ n8\g' kb{5 . k6s k6s g]kfnL hgtf tfgfzfxx? ;+u n8\gkg]{ jfWotf ;bfsf nflu cGTo x''gkb{5 / g]kfnL hgtf cfly{{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf nfuL cuf8L a9\g kb{5 of] g} at{dfg g]kfnsf] cfj:ostf xf] eGg''eof] .
sfo{s|ddf af]Nb} 8f /d]z s''df/ 9''+u]nn] /fhf s''g} /fhg}lts e''ldsfdf g/lxsg k'"0f{ ;Da}wflgs eP/ ga:g]xf] eg] /fhf lagfsf] zf;g k4ltsf] cfudgnfO{ /f]Sg g;lsg]] atfpg''eof] . g]kfndf ;+a}wflgs /fhtGq slxn] cfPg n]vfO{ / egfO{df dfq eof] t/ Aojxf/df b]lvPg eGb} /fhkl/jf/sf] lgoGq0f ;d]t ;+;baf6 g} xg''kb{5 eGg''eof] .
sfo{qmdsf csf{ jQmf jLkL SofG;/ c:ktfnsf k"j{ lgb]{zs 8f= ;Dk''0ff{gGb 9''+ufgfn] /fhfn] zlQmsf] >f]t ag]sf] / hgtfsf] cfjfh g;''g]sf sf/0f d''n''sdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf]n] g]kfndf 7''n}} /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] cfj:ostf 5 eGg''eof] .
;f] sfo{s|ddf jf]Nb} k|f]km];/ ;''o{k|;fb ;''a]bLn] /fhfsf] km]a|''j/L ! sf] c;Da}wflgs sbdn] d''n''sdf ;d:of NofPsf] pNn]v ub}{ g]kfnsf /fhf a]nfotsf] h:tf] k'"0f{ ;+a}wflgs / ;]/]df]lgPn eP/ j:g kb{5 / To;sf nflu ;+lawfg unt eP lt k|fjwfgx? ;+;f]wg u/]/ n}hfg'' g} pQd x''g] atfpg'' eof] .
;f]ln8fl/6L o'' s] g]kfnsf ;+of]hs s[i0f pkfWofon] ;a} zlQmx? Ps ldng laGb''sf nflu /fhL x''g''kg]{ / d''n''sdf dfgjclwsf/, zflGt, ;''Aoj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, ;+;lbo ;jf]{Rrtfdf cfwfl/t k|hftGq :yfkgfx''g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg''eof] .
sfo{s|ddf g]kfnL ;Gb]zsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs la s] kf08]n] /fhg}lts kf6L{x? ;d]t OdfGbf/ x''g''kg]{ s''/f cf}Nofpb} zfxL ;/sf/n] ;+rf/nfO{ jGws jgfpg NofPsf] sfnf] cWofb]z g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu b''ef{Uo ePsf]n] zfxLtGq ;dfKtL tkm{ pGd''v ePsf] atfpg''eof] .
sfo{s|dsf] cGtdf ;efkltsf] cf;g jf]Nb} g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt, a]nfotsf ;efklt k''?iff]Qd kf}8]nn] d''n''sdf k'"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;a} /fhg}lts zlQmx? ljr Pstf sfod ul/ cuf8L a9\g'' h?/L ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ c;Da}wflgs ;/sf/n] b''O{ bh{g eGbf a9L P]gx? cWofb]zaf6 ;+;bsf] cg''kl:yltdf nfu'" u/]sf] 5 h''g ;+lawfg k|bQ ;do eGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfof{Gjogdf 5g\ lt ;a} sfg''g u}/sfg''gL e};s]sf5g\ eGg''eof] .
sflGtk''/ Pkm Pd dflysf] gUg k|xf/sf] 3f]/ eT;{gf ub}{ xfn} nfu'" ePsf] ;+rf/ cWofb]zn] g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]sf]n] of] cWofb]z ;+lawfg lakl/t 5 eGg''eof] . xfn} ;/sf/n] :yflgo / ;+;bLo lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0f u/]sf]df cfklQ hgfpb} kf6L{x? k|hftGq k''g{:yfkgfsf nflu ;8sdf cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf 5g\ /fli6o dfGotf k|fKt kf6L{x?sf] ;xdtL lagfsf] r''gfj g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg cg'';f/ ;+j}wflgs x''g g;Sg] pxfn] atfpg''eof] .
7''nf] ;+Vofdf j]nfot=l:yt g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] pSt sfo{qmdf g]kfn 8]df]s|]l6s kmf]/dsf ;lrj lbg]z lwld/], g]kfnL ;dfh o'' s] sf cWoIf s0f{ axfb''/ zfxL, ljBfyL{ g]tf ;''ldt zdf{, ;;]S; g]kfnL ;dfhsf cWoIf ;''/]Gb| >]i6 / cN8/;f]6sf led /fO, /f]zg ;fksf]6f / ;Gtf]if l;6f}nfn] cf cfkm\gf ljrf/x? /fVb} d''n''sdf k''0f{ k|hftGq cfj:os /x]sfn] ;a}n] To;sf nflu k|of; ug{kg]{df hf]8 lbg''ePsf] lyof] .

s[i0f kxf8L a]lNhoddf

6]s ;fksf]6f
a]lNhod gf]e]Da/ %, @))%

ut cS6f]a/ @^ sf lbg g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r, a]lNhodsf] Pp6f 6f]nLn] Pdg]i6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf ;+:yfks tyf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfy{ cfGbf]lnt gful/s ;dfh cfGbf]ngsf g]tf s[i0f kxf8L;Fu a|;]N;l:ylt PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgnsf] sfof{nodf e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of]{ .
kxf8L ljleGg klZrdL b]zx?sf] e|d0fsf] qmddf cS6f]j/ @$ b]lv @& ;Dd a]lNhoddf /xg' ePsf] lyof] . kxf8Ln] j]lNhoddf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?;Fu e]63f6 u/L /fHo;Qfn] u/]sf dfgjclwsf/ pn+3gsf r/d l:yltsf] cGTo /fhtGq /x];Dd gx'g] s'/f :ki6 kfg{' eof] .
pxfFn] ljleGg jxfgf agfP/ g]kfnL /fHo;QfnfO{ xltof/ lbg' eg]sf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] xTof ug'{ l;jfo cGo s]xL gePsf]n] o;eGbf cuf8L g]kfnL ;/sf/nfO{ xltof/ lbOPsf 36gfx?sf] lj/f]w ub}{ ca To:tf ulNt gug{ ljleGg lgsfox?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{eof] .
g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ ljb]zdf a:bf kg]{ ;d:ofx?sf af/]df pxfFn] ljz]if u/L a]lNhodsf g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d~r, j]lNhodsf] cu|;/tfdf a]lNhodsf] z/0ffyL{ x]g]{ lgsfo sld;fl/o6 hg/nsf] sfof{nodf e]63f6 u/L g]kfnLx?sf] ;d:of g]kfnsf] /fh;+:yf /x];Dd oyfjt /xg] / dfgjclwsf/ pn+3gsf 36gfx? klg oyfjt /xg] x'gfn] g]kfnL z/0ffyL{nfO{ oxfFaf6 g]kfn of ef/tx'+Fb} g]kfn lkmtf{ u/fpg' uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/sf] pN3ª\g x'g] s'/f g]kfnsf] ;d:of ;DaGwdf pxfFnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf :ki6 kfg'{eof] .

kxf8L cd]l/sf cfOk'Ug]

kxf8L gf]e]Da/ ^ tfl/vb]lv !( ;Dd PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn, cd]l/sfsf ljleGg sfo{qmddf efu lng'x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .
gf]e]Da/ ^ tfl/v cfOtaf/ :yfgLo ;Togf/fo0f dlGb/df ;fFem % ah]b]lv Go'of]s{l:yt cnfOG; km/ 8]df]qm];L Xo'dg/fO6;\ Og g]kfnn] kxf8L;Fu cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L pxfF af]:6g tyf ;fgk|mflG:sf] x'Fb} gf]e]Da/ !% tfl/vdf jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cfOk'Ug'x'g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 eg] 8L;Ldf gf]e]Da/ !( tfl/v zlgaf/ g]kfnL tyf g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{ cd]l/sLx?;Fusf] Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf efu lng'x'g] sfo{qmd 5 .

cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnL kqsf/x?sf] lj/f]w

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ #), @))%

cfd ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ / ax'nljrf/ / nf]stflGqs dfGotfnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ p2]Zon] c;+j}wflgs tl/sfn] xfn} hf/L ;~rf/ cWofb]Zf g]kfnnfO{ @)$^ ;fneGbf cl3sf] l:yltdf kmsf{pg] ;"lgof]lht if8\oGqsf] s8L xf] . eGb} cd]l/sfdf /xFb} cfPsf em08} b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L kqsf/x?n] xfn} hf/L ;~rf/ cWofb]Zf tTsfn lkmtf{ x'g'kg]{ dfu ub}{ cS6f]a/ @^ df Ps k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf 5g\ .
;f]xL lj1lKtdfkm{t\ k|hftGq / :jtGq k|];sf kIfdf g]kfndf hf/L cfGbf]ngsf] cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnL ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] k"0f{ ;dy{g /x]sf] :ki6 kfb}{ g]kfndf hf/L k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf hgfOPsf] 5 .
kqsf/x?n] sflGtk'/ Pkm Pdsf k|;f/0f pks/0fx? hah{:tL p7fP/ n}hfg] jt{dfg ;QfkIfsf] gf+uf] ck|hftflGqs cfqmd0fsf] 3f]/ lgGbf u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf :jtGq ;~rf/ dfWodn] lgjf{w?kdf ;+rfng x'g kfpg' k5{ eGg] eGb} aStJo k|sflzt ug]{x?df aflN6df]/af6 uf}td bfxfn, /fh]z ld>, t?0f kf}8]n, u'0f/fh n'O6]+n, s[i0f sF8]n, tf/f /fjn, /fh]Gb| zdg, dgf]h cfrfo{, tf/f Gof}kfg], k'/]Gb| l3ld/], gu]Gb| kf}8]n, To;}u/L Go'h;L{af6 cg'k ylknof, elh{lgofaf6 lu/Lz kf]v/]n, n]vgfy e08f/L, ls/0f l;6f}nf, k|tfk clwsf/L, u0f]z ltdlN;gf, d'lQm bjf8L, /fdxl/ ;'j]bL, hob]j uf}td, z/b l/hfn, af]:6gaf6 ljdn g]kfn, ldhf}/Laf6 ;Ltf sf]O/fnf, jfl;+ª6g 8L;Laf6 ;'efifrGb| kf]v/]n, 6]S;f;af6 tf/f a/fn, la6' s];L, d's]z a/fn Go'of]s{af6 a]bk|;fb v/]n, rGb| vltj8f, s;d; ljZjsdf{ /xg'ePsf] 5 .

sf7df8f}+sf O kqsf/x? e]nf x'g]

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f} cS6f]a/ #), @))%

ljleGg ;+3;+:yf Pj+ JolQmdfkm{t OG6/g]6df cgnfOg klqsf k|sfzg ug]{ ;fOa/ hgf{ln:6x?sf] cS6f]/ @& df /fhwfgLdf a;]sf] a}7sn] cfufdL gf]e]Da/ !% tfl/v ;fOa/ kqsf/x?sf] a[xt\ e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
OG6/g]6 kqsf/x?sf] ;d:of klxrfgsf nflu O Dofuflhg lgsfNg] kqsf/x? ;+ul7t eO{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ s'/fdfly hf]8 lb+b} o; a}7sdf ;/sf/n] O kqsf/x?nfO{ kqsf/sf] dfGotf lbg'kg]{, OG6/g]6 klqsfx?sf] cg'udg u/L :t/Lo klqsfnfO{ 5fkf klqsf ;/x ;'ljwf lbg'kg]{nufotsf s'/fx? kqsf/x?n] p7fPsf lyP .
OG6/g]6 klqsfx?dfkm{t kqsfl/tf ub}{ cfPsf ljleGg klqsfsf kqsf/x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] a}7sn] ljef]/ a/fnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf bz ;b:oLo a[xt e]nf cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df lbg]z a:g]t, sflt{s]o l3ld/], ljqmd >]i7, /fdxl/ kf08], ljho a:g]t, ljlkg ld>, cfbz{ k|wfg, /fh]z 9'+ufgf, dgf]h uh'/]n 5g\ .
a}7sn] OG6/g]6 klqsfx?nfO{ Ans ug'{cl3 ;/sf/n] ltgsf] /fd|f] cWoog / cg'udg ug'{kg]{, Ans ug'{sf] sf/0f;lxt r]tfjgL lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . cg'udg g} /fi6" / /fli6"otfk|lt ;dlk{t OG6/g]6 klqsfx?nfO{ Ans ug]{ / cfkm\gf] :j-klxrfg glbPsf] k|lt a}7sn] c;Gt'li6 JoQm u/]sf] 5 . ljb]zL OG6/g]6 klqsfx?nfO{ ;"rgf ljefun] lbg] k|]; kf; pknJw u/fpg] t/ :jb]zaf6 g]kfns} nflu ;+rflnt O-klqsfx?nfO{ ;f] kf; glbPsf] k|lt a}7sn] ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;fy} a}7sn] cfufdL e]nfdf ;a} OG6/g]6 klqsfx?nfO{ ;xeflutfsf nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . a}7sn] ljb]zdf /x]/ klqsf ;+rfng ul//xg' ePsf ;+rfng tyf kqsf/x?nfO{ klg ;Nnfx ;emfj k7fpg cg'/f]w ub}{ tTsfnsf info@freenepal.com / info@ketaketi.org df ;Dks{ ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

/fhgLlts lgsf;sf] af6f] ;+ljwfg ;ef

s[i0f sF8]n
aflN6df]/ cS6'a/ @#, @))%

g]kfnsf] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;d'lrt lgsf;sf] af6f] vf]Hb} cd]l/sf cfOk'u]sf g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] zlgaf/ ;fFem aflN6df]/df cfof]lht Ps ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf ;+ljwfg ;ef g} /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] d"n cfwf/ x'g ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ Ps} :j/n] cl3 ;f/] .
g]kfnsf] ;d;fdlos /fhgLlt / /fhgLlts bnx?sf] e"ldsf ljifodf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdf af]Nb} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf 8f= /fdz/0f dxtn] b]z bf]xf]/f] ;+s6df k/]sf] atfpFb} æxfdL 3f]/ afdkGyL / 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL b'j}sf] lj/f]w ub{5f}+Æ eGg'eof] . Psnf}6L zf;g rfx] /fhfsf] xf]; rfx] s'g} tfgfzfxsf] Tof] dfGo x'g] 5}g To;}n] jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf; eg]sf] cGt/f{li6|o ;'kl/j]If0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj xf] . /fhfsf] :yfg s] x'g] eGg]af/] ;+ljwfg ;efn] g} lgSof}{n ug]{5 eGg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df af]Nb} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf g]tf emngfy vgfnn] eGg'eof], casf] n8fOF k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] n8fOF xf] . /fhgLlts kf6L{nfO{ kfvf nufP/ k|hftGq km:6fpFb}g . ;/sf/ lju7g jf agfpg], zfxL ;]gf PSn}n] kl/rfng ug]{ clwsf/ jt{dfg /fhfnfO{ gePsf] atfpFb} vgfnn] cufl8 pNn]v ug'{eof], h'g b]z cfGtl/s snxdf hfG5 ta afXo zlQm rnv]n ug]{ jftj/0f aGb5 . Tof] jftfj/0f /fhfn] g} agfPsf x'g\, /fhf g} o;df bf]ifL b]lvG5g\ .
dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf kb\d/Tg t'nfw/sf] lrGtf lyof], zflGtk"0f{ tj/n] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ePg eg] b]zsf] cl:tTj vt/fdf kb{5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfWodaf6 jt{dfg ;+s6sf] lgsf; vf]lhg'k5{ .
g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf g]tf ljdn]Gb| lgwLsf] syg lyof], g]kfn clxn] lx+;fTds 4G4df lklN;Psf] 5 / Tof] 4G4 ca lqklIfo aGg k'u]sf] 5 To;}n] jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] lgsf;sf] d"n Ph]08f ;+ljwfg ;ef x'g'k5{ . ;f]xL bnsf csf{ g]tf 8f= ldg]Gb| l/hfnn] cfhsf] g]kfnsf] n8fOF ljlwsf] zf;g lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/fsf] xf] eGb} lx+;fn] ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb}g . ljsf;sf] klxnf] ;t{ xf] zflGt / To;sf nflu b'j}y/Lsf aGb's efFlrg'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
o;}u/L sfo{qmddf dGtJo /fVb} /fli6|o hgdf]rf{sf g]tf kl/ yfkfn] eGg'eof], vfg], nfpg] / sfd ug]{ s'/faf6 dfG5]df ljefhg gb]lvof];\ xfdL To:tf] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf 5f}+ .
Pdfn]sf csf{ g]tf czf]s /fO{n] cfFz' ljjfb, cfzf / ljZjf; lnP/ tkfO{+x? ;dIf pkl:yt ePsf 5f}+ eGb} /fhfsf] sbdsf] lj/f]w ug'{eof] . g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbL ;d'x_sf clgn emfn] k|hftGqdf dfq ;a} s'/f km:6fpg kfpF5 eGb} @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 ul7t dlNns cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ nfu" u/]sf] eP ;fob cfhsf] l:ylt cfpg] lyPg ls < To;}n] /fhf, k|r08 / xfdL ;a}n] ljt]sf] s'/faf6 kf7 l;Sg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
ptf /fli6|o k|hftGq kf6L{sf g]tf tyf k"j{ cfOhLkL w|'aaxfb'/ k|wfgn] /fhfsf] df3 !( sf] sbdkl5 x6\g'k5{ eGb} cfkm"x? h;/L eP klg zflGt rfxG5f}+ eGg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf /fhfsf k"j{ hg]{n ljj]s zfxsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] / cfof]hsx?n] pxfFnfO{ af]Ng cfu|x u/]sf eP klg pxfFn] s]xL af]Ng rfxg'ePg .
aflN6df]/ cd]l/sg g]klnh\ P;f]l;P;gsf] cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf df]xg yfkf, k|]d /fhf dxt, k|]d ;+u|f}nf / 8f= clDasf clwsf/Ln] klg cfkm\gf cfkm\gf dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng l8NnL kf}8]nn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

Nff]stflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;3fpg cfu|x

la6' s]=;L=
Xo':6g, 6]S;f; cS6f]a/ @#, @))%

æg]kfndf /fh;+:yfsf] ;fGble{stf / pkof]lutf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf cfkm"dfly cfkm}+ zf;g ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ .Æ g]kfnsf pbLodfg o'jf g]tf uug yfkfsf] of] ljrf/ cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf ax';+Vos g]kfnL o'jfx?sf] cfjfh ePsf] 5 clxn] .
ut cS6"a/ !* Xo':6gdf cfof]lht g]kfnL ;d'bfo;+usf] e]63f6 sfo{qmddf g] = lj = ;+ = sf k"j{ dxfdGqL uug yfkfn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts , ;fdflhs , P]ltxfFl;s ljj]rgf ub}{ k|Zg ug'{eof] -æ ljZjdfg lrqdf cfh g]kfn Pp6f c;kmn /fi6"sf]?kdf lrlgg yfn]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L gful/sx? a]kQf kfg]{ /fHo , ;a}eGbf a9L k|]; :jtGqtf xgg\ ug]{ /fHo / ljZjsf e|i6 @) d'n'sx? dWo] g]kfn cu| k+lQdf k/]sf] 5 . hgtfx?sf] hLjgsf] s'g}klg d"No 5}g . dflg;x?df rf/}lt/ 8/, qf;, cftÍ / lg/fzfn] 5fPsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ o:tf] ;Í6k"0f{ ca:yfdf k'¥ofpg] bf]if s;sf] t <Æ
pxfFn] cfˆgf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbb}+ eGg'eof] - æg]kfndf !@ jif{;Dd zf;g ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx? sd bf]ifL 5}gg\ . aGb's / jf?bsf] cf8df xTof / cftÍsf] >[ªvnf sfod ug]{ dfcf]jfbLx? TolQs} bf]ifL 5g\ . Tof] eGbf klg g]kfndf b'O{ ;o jL; jif{;Dd nfdf] zf;g ug]{ /fh;+:yf ;a}eGbf a9L bf]ifL 5 . h;n] :jfy{, xTof / if8\oGqsf] /fhgLlt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . Æ
g]kfnsf] /fhtGq slxNo} k|hftGqsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] cf}+NofpFb} /fhtGqnfO{ x6fPkl5 dfq k|hftGq lbuf] /xg] atfpg' eof] .
g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf ;+3if{/t yfkfn] k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu cfkm" h:tf];'s} d"No r'sfpg tof/ /x]sf] atfpb} g]kfndf s'g}klg b[li6sf]0fn] /fhtGqsf] cf}lrTo g/x]sf] pNn]v ug[{eof] .
ef]lnsf] g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu j}1flgs ;+/rgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cf}+NofpFb} cd]l/sfdf a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf g]kfnLx?n] jt{dfg k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngnfO{ ub}{ cfPsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gn] cfkm" / cfGbf]ng/t g]kfnLx?sf] pT;fxnfO{ yk an k'u]sf] efjgf pxfn] AoQm ug'{eof] . yfkfn] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cd]l/sfdf a:g] ;j}] k|hftGqjfbL g]kfnLx?sf] Pp6} d+r agfpg cfu|x ug'{eof] .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ d"nwf/df Nofpg ;+ljwfg;efsf] r"gfjdf hfg} kg]{ / clxn] ;ft bnx?n] rnfO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] :j?k cem z;Qm x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ yfkfn] hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
pkl:yt ;xefuLx?n] ;d;fdlos ljifodf ljljw k|Zgx? /fv]sf lyP .

Go'of]s{df uug

o;}u/L uug yfkfn] Go'of]s{l:yt PnfOG; km/ 8]df]qm];L P08 X'odg/fO6;{ Og g]kfn, o'P;P tyf Xo'dg /fO6;{ jls{ª u|'k / ;fpy Pl;og Ol:G6Ro"6sf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cS6f]a/ @@ zlgjf/sf lbg Ps ljrf/ ljdz{ sfo{qmddf efu lng'eof] .
g]kfndf s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ :yfgLo g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL ldqx?nfO{ >[v+nfa2 ?kdf hfgsf/L lb+Ob} hfg] of] sfo{qmd cGt/ut ul/Psf] pQm ljrf/ ljdz{ sfo{qmdsf k|d'v jQmf uug yfkfaf6 cfuGt's g]kfnL tyf ljb]zLx? lgSs} g} k|efljt ePsf lyP .
Go'of]s{l:yt sf]nlDjog o'lgel;{6Ldf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf ;d]t yfkfn] g]kfnsf] /fhtGqsf] cf}rlTo gx/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . yfkfnfO{ cnfOG;sf tkm{af6 Ps 6f]sg :j?k :R6\ofr' ckm lnj6L{ c+lst lrGX k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . sl/j %) hgfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] o; k|sf/sf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts j:t'l:yltsf af/]df ljrf/ ljdz{ ug{ z'? ul/Psf] o; lsl;dsf sfo{qmd cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t ub}{ hfg] s'/f PnfOG; km/ 8]df]qm];Lsf cWoIf ;+ho k/fh'nLn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkf cS6f]a/ @# df cd]l/sfaf6 n08gtkm{ nfUg] / n08gaf6 gf]e]Da/ ! tfl/vsf lbg g]kfn k'Ug] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

b"3{6gfdf kl/ d[To'

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ !(, @))%

d]l/Nof08l:yt hd{g6fpgdf ljut kfFr jif{b]lv j;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf #( jlif{o /f]zg l;+xsf] ut cS6f]a/ !% tfl/v /flt sf/ b"3{6gfdf d[To'ePsf] 5 .
sfdaf6 3/ hfFb} ubf{ 3/ glhs}sf] OG6/;]S;gdf afofFtkm{ hfg nfUbf Ps Eofgn] 7Ss/ lbg k'u]sf] lyof] .
Eofg rfns ;d]t l;ls:t /x]sf] s'/f d[tssf Ps gft]bf/n] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fP .
sf7df8f}+ dxf/fhuGhdf 3/ ePsf l;+xn] d]l/Nof08df ev{/}dfq 3/ vl/b u/L ;f]xL If]qdf /xFb} cfPsf lyP . d[ts l;+xsf Ps >LdtL, afx| tyf tLg jlif{o b'O{ 5f]/fx? 5g\ .
d[tssf rf/ bfh'efO /x]sf / pxfF t];|f] efO x'g'x'GYof] .
pxfFsf] kfly{j zl//nfO{ a'waf/ d]l/Nof08s} Ps zju[xdf clGtd ;+:sf/ ul/g] ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL d'Da}af;Lx?4f/f bz}+

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
d'Da}, cS6f]a/ !(, @))%

o;} jif{b]lv cl:tTjdf cfPsf] c5fdL g]kfnL ;]jf ;ldltn] bz}+ / ltxf/sf] z'esfdgf :j?k :g]x ldng ;Dd]ngn] zlgaf/ Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L bz}+ ltxf/ /dfOnf] dgfPsf] 5 .
d'Da}l:yt dl:hb aGb/df cfof]lht pSt :g]x ;Dd]ngdf k|jf;df sfo{/t a'l4hLjL, kqsf/ / ;+3 ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/L nufot cfd hgtfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 cWoIf hut l;+= pkfWoIf xs{ a= ;fFpbn] j|mdzM cWoIftf / cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L 8Da/ /fjn] bz}+sf] pknIodf o;/L k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?aLr ldng u/fPsf]df To;sf] :jfut ub}{ bz}+ tyf ltxf/sf] z'esfdgf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{j|mddf kqsf/ k|sfz kf}8]nn] z'esfdgf lbg' ePsf] lyof] eGg] ;+rfngsf] lhDdf ;+:yfsf ;lrj k|]d v8sfn] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] k6s k|jf;L e"lddf c5fdsf] snf, ;fF:j[mlts emNsfpg] pSt sfo{j|mddf ;xefuL ;a}n] If]lqo, hflto efjgf eGbf 6f9f /xL b]p8f v]n -Gofpn]_ sf] cfgGb p7fP, /flt @ ah];Dd rn]sf] pSt sfo{j|mddf a[4 hjfg ;a}n] g]kfns} ;]/f]k]m/f]sf] cfefif lbnfPsf lyP .
pQm sfo{qmddf kqsf/ nf]s]z zfx nufot :yfgLo ljleGg g]kfnLx?sf] ;lqmotf /x]sf] lyof] . k|jf;df klg o;/L snf ;fF:j[mltssf] ;Daw{g / k|jw{g ug]{ sf]lzz u/L /x]sf]df c5fdL g]kfnL ;]jf ;ldlt ;fFlRr s} wGojfbsf] kfq 5 /x]sf] pkl:yt cfuGt'sx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .

;~rf/;DaGwL cWofb]zsf] ;j{q lj/f]w

pbo hLPd
bfª, cS6f]a/ !&, @))%

;/sf/n] xfn} hf/L u/]sf] ;~rf/;DaGwL cWofb]zsf] ;j{q lj/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . bfªdf lqmofzLn ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf, ;~rf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf tyf /fhgLlts bnx?n] lj1lKtdfkm{t pQm cWofb]zsf] lj/f]w u/]sf x'g\ .
dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh bfªn] cfh Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;~rf/ cWofb]znfO{ k|ltudgsf/L, g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg k|lts"n / g]kfnL hgtfdfly cem lg/+s'z zf;g nfb\g] xltof/sf] ;+1f lbOPsf] 5 . zfvf cWoIf ljgf]bs'df/ >]i7åf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/dfly cf3ft kg]{u/L cGt/f{li6"o dfGotfljk/Lt hf/L ul/Psf] cWofb]z ck|hftflGqs / c;+j}wflgs ePsfn] To;sf] tTsfn vf/]hLsf] dfu ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}aLr k|]; rf}tf/L bfªn] :jtGq ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ hfnem]nk"0f{ tj/af6 cWofb]z NofOPsf] eGb} To;k|lt eT;{gf / cfklQ k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . cWoIf ;fu/ kl08tåf/f x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf] ztfJbLdf clwgfosjfb nfb\g vf]Hg' 38Lsf] ;'O{nfO{ pN6f] 3'dfpg vf]Hg'hlQs} xf] elgPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] of] sbd :jo+ ;/sf/nfO{ k|To'Tkfbs / 3fts x'g] r]tfjgL lbFb} lj1lKtdf hgtfsf] ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ cWofb]zn] s'l07t kf/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf pQm cWofb]z tTsfn vf/]hLsf] dfu ub}{ cGoyf ;Dk"0f{ nf]stGq / :jtGq ;~rf/sf kIfw/x? cfGbf]ngdf plqg] r]tfjgL lbOPsf] 5 .
g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt kqsf/ ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf pbo hLPdn] cfh} Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;+ljwfgljk/Lt, ck|hftflGqs / lg/+s'ztf nfb\g NofOPsf] cWofb]z tTsfn vf/]h ug{ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf ;"rgfsf] o'udf ;~rf/hutnfO{ c+s'z nufpg vf]Hg' d"v{tflzjfo c? gx'g] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . d]rLdxfsfnL ldl8of ;f];fO6L bfªsf cWoIf x]d/fh zdf{n] klg k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt u/L ;~rf/;DaGwL cWofb]z tTsfn vf/]h ug{ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .

8L;Ldf bz}+ ltxf/ d]nf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L cS6f]a/ !&, @))%

cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L -jfl;+ª6g 8L;L_n] x/]s jif{ ub}{ cfPsf] bz}+ ltxf/ d]nf o;kfnL cS6f]a/ !^ tfl/v cfOtaf/sf lbg d]l/Nof08l:yt jfl;+ª6g jfOjn sn]hdf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf cd]l/sfsf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"t s]bf/eQm >]i7n] cfuGt's ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?nfO{ ljhof bzdLsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub}{ b]zdf zflGtsf nflu sfdgf ug{ cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;f];fO6Lsf k|yd pkfWoIf 8fg O8jf8{n] d]nfsf ;xefuL g]kfnL tyf cd]l/sLx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf ;f];fO6Lsf cWoIf k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] cfuGt's ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuL tyf d]nf sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{x?k|lt wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
d]nfsf] ljz]if cfsif{0fsf ?kdf æP;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ cf]d]g Og cd]l/sfh\Æsf tkm{af6 tof/ kfl/Psf] bz}+ efG;f 3/df dd, ;]n/f]6L, lrp/f t/sf/L / crf/ tyf ld7fOsf] kl/sf/x? ;xefuLx?n] dg k/fPsf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df afnaflnsfx?sf] ljz]if sfo{qmd To:t} PPgP;sf k"j{ kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{sf ;fy} ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd klg cfsif{s /x]sf] lyof] .
;g\ !(^& df :yflkt o; ;f];fO6Lsf k"j{ kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ qmddf b'O{ bh{g eGbf a9L k"j{ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] pQm cj;/df ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
;f] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf k|]d /fhf dxt, l6sf k'gM, df]xg yfkf, ljhof ;fx, /fwf vltj8f, holGt /fhe08f/L, pQd yfkf, lbg]z v8\uL, cflzif e8]n, v]d ;+u|f}nf, dGh' ;+u|f}nf, Zofd u'?ª, zflGt e08f/L, 8fg UofDan] uLt tkm{ efu lnPsf lyP eg] g[Totkm{ aGbgf bfxfn, k|s[lt vgfn, cfs[lt vgfn, aHjn e§/fO{, s[tL >]i7, ;fxf/ >]i7, dgZjL ;+u|f}nf /x]sf lyP .
sfo{qmd ckxfGx !@ ah]b]lv ;fFem ;ft jh];Dd rn]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 8L;L If]q j/k/sf em08} rf/ ;osf] ;+Vofdf g]kfnL tyf ljb]zLx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;f];fO6L4f/f k|sflzt cfjfh klqsf / 6]lnkmf]g 8fO/]S6|Lsf] gofF c+s klg ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng /fhf/fd kf}8]n, /fh]Gb| jnL / uf]df ;+u|f}nfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

l5d]sL ufpFdf bz}+

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
cfln{ª\6g cS6f]a/ !&, @))%

elh{lgofsf] cfln{ª\6gl:yt l5d]sL ufpF -@% kl/jf/ g]kfnLx? Pp6} sDKn]S;df a:b} cfPsf / ;f] :yfgnfO{ g]kfnLx?aLr kl/ro lbgsf nflu /flvPsf] gfd_ n] a8f bz}+sf] pknIodf cS6f]a/ !% sf lbg bz}+ dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf u/\of] .
sfo{qmddf :yfgLo g]kfnL Ps j[4 af6 6Lsf, hd/fsf] u|x0f / Psfk;df z'esfdgf cfbfgk|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
;f] cj;/df g]kfnL ;+:s[ltnfO{ kl/lrt u/fpg] ljleGg g[To, ;+uLt tyf sljtf jfrg / g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf af/]df kl/lrt u/fpg] ljleGg k|Zgx? /fVb} xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]uLtf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] dxTjdfly ;f]xL ufpFsf d'lvofx? a;Gt >]i7, dx]z k/fh'nL, xs{ clwsf/Ln] k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} w}o{sfGt emf, ljlkg e"t]{n, OlGb/f clwsf/L nufotsf JolQmx?n] sljtf tyf uLt jfrg u/]sf lyP .
ljut kfFr jif{b]lv g} l5d]sL ufpFn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[ltsf] ;+d/If0f / lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] o:tf k/Dk/ut wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

Go'of]s{df bz}+

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
Go"of]s{ cS6f]a/ !&, @))%

l/hp8 g]klnh ;f];fO6L (Ridgewood Nepalese Society) Go"of]s{sf] cfof]hgdf ljhofbzdL @)^@ sf] pknIodf l/hp8, Go"of]s{df ljhofbzdL ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
pQm sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm clw/fHo cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{df a;f]af; ug]{ s/La $ ;o %) hgf g]kfnL Pj+ ljb]zLx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3sf nflu :yfoL k|ltlglw -/fhb't_ dw'/d0f cfrfo{n] l/hp8 g]klnh ;f];fO6Ln] g]kfnL efiff, ;+:s[lt hu]gf{ ug]{ g]kfnLx¿sf] cfˆgf] rf8 kj{df ;l/s x'g] cj;/ k|bfg u/]/ 7"nf] sfo{ u/]sf] 5 eGg' eof] .
sfo{qmd æb'u]{ ejfgLÆ ehgaf6 z'?jft ul/Psf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd :yndf pkl:yt ePsf x/]ssf] lgwf/df /ftf] 6Lsf, xl/of] hd/f b]Vbf s;}nfO{ klg sfo{qmd cd]l/sfdf eO/x]sf] h:tf] nfu]g . ;f];fO6Ln] hd/f / 6Lsf ;d]t Joj:yf u/L xfdLnfO{ bz} la;f{pg] u/L 6Lsf hd/fsf] sfo{qmd /fv]sf]df xfdL Hofb} v'zL 5f}+ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx¿ eGb} lyP .
sfo{qmdnfO{ b'O{ ;qdf ljeflht ul/Psf] lyof] . k|yd ;qdf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnL e]ife"iffdf k|:t't ePsf gfrufgn] ;a}nfO{ g]kfnsf] lt;{gf d]6fPsf] cg'ej ePsf] lyof] . o;/L g[To / ufogdf ;xefuL x'g]x¿ zf/bf nIdL >]i7, l/gf 1jfnL, snfjtL v/]n, ldgf >]i7, lk|of sf]O/fnf, lk|of zfxL, k'hf zfxL, ?dL s]=;L=, ;'gLn a'9fyf]sL, clgn zfxL, l/tf u'¿ª -b]jsf]6f_, ;fd|f1L ;'jf/, ;nf]gL cu|jfn, lszf]/ e08f/L, /fh]z yfkf, /]lhgf zfxL, lgnd s]=;L=, l/o+sf sf]O/fnf, hut v8\sf, /lj sl/0f sf]O/fnf, Clif k/fh'nL, pHjn d}gfnL, zflGt dxh{g, lji0f' v8\sf, /fh >]i7, ;'/]z >]i7nfO{ k|d'v cltly /fhb't dw'/d0f cfrfo{n] k|z+;f kq Pj+ 6"kmL k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf l/hp8 g]klnh ;f];fO6LnfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ 8f= tf/f lg/f}nf / cd]l/sL gful/s /fhLj uf]onnfO{ :yfoL k|ltlglw cfrfo{n] k|z+;f kq k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf k|:t't ul/Psf g[To, ufogdf l/hp8sf :yfgLo g]kfnL snfsf/x¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] eg] tL snfsf/nfO{ gfrufg l;sfP/ ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLnfO{ dgf]/Ghg k|bfg Pj+ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn t'Nofpg] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] l/gf 1jfnL x'g' x'GYof] .
sfo{qmdsf] ;dfkg ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg l/hp8sf cWoIf df]xg a= 1jfnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf pkfWoIf >L k/fh'nLn] :jfut efif0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7gfTds ultljlwaf/] ;ldltsf ;lrj ;/f]h >]i7n] k|sfz kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng j]b k|;fb v/]n, ;ljtf >]i7 / cf]d 9f]8f/Ln] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

Xo':6gdf bz}+ e]nf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
Xo":6g, 6]S;f;

ut cS6f]a/ !% sf lbg g]klnh P;f]l;P;g ckm Xo':6gsf] cfof]hgfdf oxfFsf] g]kfnL ;d'bfon] a8fbz}+ /dfOnf]k"j{s dgfof] .
cfˆgf] d'n'saf6 6f9f a;] klg cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fnfO{ gla;{g] g]kfnLkg of] bz}+ e]nfdf b]lvGYof] . b'uf{ ejfgLsf] k"hf cf/fwgfaf6 k|f/De ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf cWoIf 8f= /fh]Gb" >]i7n] pkl:yt ;a}sf] :jfut ub}{ z'esfdgf JoSt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd ;+rfns kqsf/ tf/f a/fnn] cfˆgf ;a} b'v kL8f la;]{/ bz}+sf] e]nfnfO{ /dfOnf] agfpg cg'/f]w ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
Nff]snodf cfwfl/t ljleGg g[Tox? k|:t't ul/+bf bz}+ e]nf /f]rs ePsf] lyof] . lg/fsf/ >]i7, ;+ho >]i7, dx]z bjf8L, cg;'dg e';fn / a[[lWb tyf ;Ltfn] /dfOnf] g[Tox? k|bz{g u/]sf lyP .
;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] ;+of]hg n]vgfy e';fnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

l/rd08df km/km/fof] g]kfnL em08f

s[i0f sF8]n
l/rd08 cS6'a/ !%, @))%

ut ;ftf zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL elh{lgof /fHosf] l/rd08 zx/l:yt cd]l/sL l;len jf/ ;]G6/ Do'lhod / To; cf;kf;df ag]sf] ;+uLt ufpFdf klxnf] k6s rGb|;"o{ c+lst g]kfnsf] /fli6|o em08f km/km/fpg] df}sf kfPsf] 5 .
;+;f/e/sf ljljw ;+:s[lt ePsf dflg;x?sf] ;femf 3/ dflgg] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf ePsf] ^& cf}+ nf]ssnf dxf]T;jdf lxdfnog ;f+:s[lts ;d'xsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ nf]sufos k|]d/fhf dxt / pgsf] 6f]nLn] k[i7e"lddf g]kfn / cd]l/sfsf] em08f ;fIfL /fv]/ xhf/f}+ bz{s dfem ljZj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ :jfut uLt k|:t't ubf{ pkl:ylt bz{sx?n] st{nWjgLsf ;fy :jfut u/]sf lyP .
;fydf dfbn, d'/nL, ;f/+uL, d'r'{ª\uf, ljgfof], xf/df]lgod / 9f]nssf ;fy k|]d/fhf dxt / pgsf] 6f]nL bf}/f;'?jfn / 9fsf 6f]kLdf ;lhP/ ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't ubf{ pQm g]kfnL ;f+uLlts 6f]nL ljz]if cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb' aGg k'u]sf] lyof] .
nf]s ufos k|]d/fhf dxtn] pgsf] rlr{t nf]suLtx? k|:t't ug'{sf ;fy} æcfsfzdf h'gÆ gfds gofF uLt k|:t't u/] . o;sf ;fy} odg >]i7sf] æ;+emgf ltd|f] dnfO{Æ gfds uLt, df]xg yfkfsf] yfn gfrn] sfo{qmdnfO{ cfsif{s agfPsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L csf{ snfsf/ /fhsk'/n] Ps} ;fy !@ j6f dfbn ahfP/ pkl:yt bz{sx?sf] dg lhTg ;kmn ePsf lyP .
;f] 6f]nLdf /x]sf snfsf/ ;'/]zrGb| k|wfgsf] d'r'{ª\uf / ljgfof]sf] w'g, lzlz/ >]i7sf] 6'+u\gfafbgn] bz{sx?df sf}t'xntf hufPsf] lyof] .
lxdfnog ;f+:s[lts ;d'xn] k|:t't u/]sf] ;f] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng snfsf/ /jL nfld5fg]n] u/]sf lyP .
sfo{qmd ;s]/ g]kfnL snfsf/x? xf]6ndf kms{bf :yfgLo kqsf/x?n] g]kfnL snfsf/x?nfO{ lnkm\6leq g} cGt/jftf{ lnPsf] b[Zo b]Vbf of] k+lQmsf/nfO{ klg uj{sf] cg'e"lt ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfn, hfkfg, clk|msf, k"jL{ o'/f]k, cfO;n}08, sDaf]l8of] / dfnL nufot cd]l/sfsf ljleGg /fHoaf6 efu lng cfPsf snfsf/x?sf] of] hd36df g]kfnL snfsf/x?sf] hd36 ePsf] eg] of] klxnf] cj;/ xf] .
g]kfnL snfsf/x?sf ;fy cfuGt's bz{sx?n] ;fydf a;]/ t:jL/ lvrfpg'sf ;fy} g]kfn / g]kfnL nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] ;fgf] emns eP klg pQm cj;/df cjnf]sg ug]{ cj;/ bz{sx?n] kfPsf lyP .

;]gf4f/f kqsf/ lkl6P

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
b}n]v cS6f]a/ !$, @))%

lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf] pQ/L d"n k|j]z4f/df a;]sf] ;]gfsf] ;'/Iff r]skf]i6sf xjNbf/n] z'qmaf/ ck/fGx b[li6 ;fKtflxssf b}n]vl:yt :yfgLo ;+jfbbftf tyf ;'v]{taf6 k|sfzg x'g] km/saf6f] ;fKtflxssf pk;Dkfbs hgsk|;fb Gof}kfg]nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf 5g\ .
r]skf]i6 glhs}sf] cfkmg} 3/df a;]sf Gof}kfg]nfO{ ;]gfsf xjNbf/n] kl/ro tyf 3/ ;f]w]kl5 Gof}kfg]n] cfkm\gf] 3/ b]vfP nuQ} cfk'mnfO{ csf/0f lk6]sf] Gof}kfg] atfpF5g\ .
lhNnfl:yt ;]gfn] b'j} kIfnfO{ af]nfO{ cfj:os sfjf{xL tyf l:ylt 5fgljg ug]{ hgfP klg jftf{sf nflu ck/fGx rf/ ah] uPsf kLl8tkIfnfO{ ;]gfn] Jof/]/ leq g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;lrj sdn Gof}kfg]nfO{ k:g lbOPg eg] kLl8t kIfsf Gof}kfg] / o'ujf0fL ;fKtflxssf lhNnf ;+jfbbftf ;Ltf/fd h};LnfO{ leq lnO{ b'O{kIfnfO{ jftf{ gu/fO{ kqsf/4onfO{ kqsf/x? w]/} :jtGq ePsf] atfp+b} xsf/]/ kl5 ljgf jftf{ 6f]nL kms]{sf]5 .
c;f]h klxnf] ;ftf ;]gfn] lhNnfl:yt sflGtk'/ b}lgssf pk;Dkfbs tyf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 ;efklt xl/x/l;+x /f7f}/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ldnf]dtf] /x]sf] em'7f] cf/f]k nufO{ d'4f rnfpg vf]h]kl5 lhNnfsf !^ hgf :yfgLo kqsf/x? b}n]vnfO{ :jtGq kqsf/ a:g g;Sg] lhNnf 3f]if0ff ul/ Ps} k6s lj:yflkt eP kl5 ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3Lo pRrfof]u ;lxt :yfgLo k|zf;g / ;'/Ifflgsfo;Fu g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] Jofks jx; tyf 5nkmn ul/ c;f]h bf]>f] ;ftf kqsf/x? lhNnf kms]{sf lyP .

kxf8L ljb]z ofqfdf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ cS6f]a/ ^, @))%

dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf ;+:yfks ;efklt s[i0f kxf8L dfgj clwsf/ / zflGt;DaGwL ljleGg b]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ o'/f]k / cd]l/sftkm{ k|:yfg ug{ePsf] 5 . Pdg]i6L OG6/g]zgn, k|mG6nfOg nufotsf cGt/f{li6"o ;+:yfx?sf] cfdGq0fdf a]nfot, cfo/Nof08, O6nL, j]lNhod, hd{gL, 8]gdfs{ / cd]l/sf u/L !) b]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] bh{gf+} sfo{qmddf kxf8Ln] ljz]if ;+af]wg ug{'x'g]5 eg] To; bf}/fg ljleGg ;+:yf / lgsfo;Fusf] 5nkmndf g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ng / zflGtsf kIfdf ljrf/ljdz{ ug{'x'g]5 . of] e|d0f cjlw sl/a $% lbgsf] /x]sf] 5 .

k|hftflGqs df]rf{ lgdf{0f

la6' s] = ;L=
8fn;, 6]S;f; cS6f]a/ ^, @))%

ut cS6"j/ @ tfl/s cf/leË 8fn;df ;DkGg Pp6f e]nfn] g]klnh 8]df]s"]l6s kmf]/d -g]kfnL k|hftflGqs df]rf{_ u7g u/]sf] 5 . !$ ;b:oLo ;f] kmf]/dsf] cWoI.df b'uf{ bfxfn x'g'x'G5 eg] dxf;lrj s[i0f nfld5fg], ;xfos ;lrj lbg]z zdf{ / sf]i.WoI.df /ljg nfdf x'g'x'G5 .
To;}u/L ;b:ox¿df cho 5'5'g, 8f= a›Lgfy clwsf/L, /fd g]kfn, zzL e§/fO{, d's'n zdf{, ;/h' /+lht, ;'Gb/ sdf{rfo{, ;/f]h ;'Aaf, /fh]z cof{n / ;'/h 9'Ë.gf 5flgg' ePsf] 5 .
zflGt, k|hftGq / ;d:jfy{tfsf] p2]Zo /fv]/ :yfkgf ul/Psf] of] kmf]/dn] lgs6 eljiodf ljljw sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
kmf]/d u7gsf nflu cfof]lht e]nfdf g]kfnsf nflu k"j{ cd]l/sL /fhb"t h'lnof rfÎ Ansn] k7fPsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]z k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] .
e]nfdf ljljw k]zfdf sfo{/t g]kfnLx¿sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
c:6|]lnof, cS6f]a/ %, @))%

ci6|]lnofdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf g]kfnLx?4f/f g]kfnsf] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf cGt/f{li6|o hgdt ;[hgf ug{ / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf P]Soj2tf hgfpg] p2]Zon] oxL cS6f]a/ @ sf lbg Ps dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+u7gsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
PQm ;+u7gsf tkm{af6 ;+of]hs /d]z kf08]n] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ ;+u7gsf af/]df hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, æg]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv rln/x]sf] /fhlglts 4Gbsf sf/0f 7"nf] ;+Vofdf x'g] u/]sf] xTof lx+;f / /fhg}lts w/ks8af6 dfgjclwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] cj:yf Psflt/ laBdfg 5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ @)$^ sf] P]ltxfl;s hg cfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt ;Lldt k|hftGqsf] ;d]t @)^! df3 !( sf] zfxL sbdaf6 xTof ePsf] 5, h'gs'/f g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 Pp6f lttf] ;Tosf ?kdf cGt/fli6\\\\|o hutdf phfu/Lt ePsf] 5 . o;} tYonfO{ x[boËd ul/ ci6]\lnofdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] Ps a[xt e]nf Passific College of Technology, Sydney ;DkGg eof] .
e]nfn] clwgfosjfbL /fhg}lts s[ofsnfk4f/f gful/ssf] xTof, ha{h:tL a]kQf, dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg, bf]xf]/f] ;}Gojfb h:tf s[ofsnfksf] la/f]w ub}{ g]kfndf dfgj clwsf/sf] Uof/]06L x'g] nf]stGqfTds /fhg}lts Joa:yf :yfkgfy{ e}/x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g, ;xof]u / 6]jf k'¥ofpg] nIfn] Nepalese forum for Human Rights and People's Demorcacy, Australia ( NEHURIPD, Australia ) gfds ;+:yfsf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf] tby{ ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsdf /d]z kf08] / ;b:ox?df /d]z kf}8]n, lrq lnDa', rf]nfsfGt e";fn, o"j/fh e§/fO{, w'a{ ;'a]bL, sdn ltaf/L, xf]d gfy kf08], ;/f]h ;fksf]6f nufot x'g'x'G5 .
;:yfn] dfga clwsf/ / nf]stGqsf] kIfdf laleGg /fli6|o tyf cGt/fli6|o ;+3;+:yf, ;d'bfo, laleGg lgsfo ;+u ;DaGw :yflkt u/L ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ 5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfld :jb]z tyf lab]zdf /xg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL, ci6]|lnofsf] ;d'bfo, ;Dk"0f{ cGt/fli6|o hut, ;+3 ;+:yf ;+u ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf] lglDt xflb{s clkn ub{5f}+ .Æ
;f]xL ;+u7gsf tkm{af6 csf]{ Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ c:6|]lnofaf;L g]kfnLx? nf]stGq :yfkgfsf] kIfdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5,
Gf]kfnL hgtfn] u/]sf] @)$^ sf] hg cfGbf]ngsf ;Lldt pknlAwx?nfO{ klg /fhf 1fg]Gb|af6 @)^) df3 !( df ul/Psf]] c;+a}wflgs "s"" ¢f/f s'Nrg] sfd ePsf]df ci6|]lnofaf;L g]kfnLx?sf] ;+u7g Nepalese Forum for Human Rights and People's Democracy, Australia tyf ToxfF a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnLx? :tAw ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
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laut nfdf] ;dob]lv /fli6"otfsf] ;jfndf, dfgaclwsf/ xggsf] la/f]wdf hgtf4f/f p7fOPsf Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf cu|k+lQmdf /x]/ cfGbf]ng/t j]lNhodl:yt g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn d+~r a]lNhodn] g]kfnL ;fdGtafbL, kmf;LafbL /fhtGqsf] k|ltudgsf la?4 lg/Gt/ laleGg ;+3if{x? ul//x]sf] 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df laif]ztM df3 !( df 1fg]Gb|4f/f u/]sf] kmfF;LafbL k|ltudgsf sf/0f b]zdf /fhg}lts ;+s6 r/d l:yltdf k'u]sf] 5 . b]zsf] /fhg}lts ;d:ofnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cu|udg lbgsf] ;§f ;Dk"0f{ Gofok|]dL ;+3if{zLn hg;d'bfonfO{ r/d ;}Go bdg ub}{ cfˆgf] cfo' nDJofpg vf]Hg' d'v{tf lzafo s]xL xf]Og . To;}n] laBdfg ;d:ofnfO{ lgsfz lbg b]zsf] ;a{ef}lds clwsf/ hgtfnfOg} x:tfGt/0f u/]df dfq ;Dea 5 eGg] ls6fgLsf ;fy pQm cj;/df ;+u7gsf cWoIf ;'/]Gb| e'iffn nufot glag ;fksf]6f, lai0f' e'h]n, lht u'?Ë, lnnf kGt, If]lqo cWoIf qmdzM n'e]gsf bfdf]b/ cfrfo{, a|';]nsf l6 Pg ;fksf]6f, w/0fLw/ uf}td, b'uf{ ;'a]bL, cho If]qL / If]lqo k|ltlglw PG6j]]k{gsf /fdx/L /fodfemLn] jt{dfg lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf lj?4 cfcfkm\gf] dGtAo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . dGtAosf] qmddf pxfFx?n] 1fg]Gb|sf] kmFfl;afbL rl/qsf] ;lha lrq0f ub}{ g]kfnL hgtf4f/f nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf p7fPsf] ;+3if{n] 1fg]Gb|sf] zfxL;]gfsf] xltof/sf] e/df c8]sf] ;Qf l56} g} 9fNgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts zlQmx?nfO klg sl6j4 x'g cfJxfg ug'{eof] . To;}n] pQm lbg gcfpb} oyflz3| jt{dfg lg/+s'z ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;QfnfO zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] hgtfsf ;fa{ef}lds clwsf/ hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ pxfFx?n] laz]if hf]8 lbg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df k|f]u|]l;e no;{ g]6js{ a]lNhodsf tkm{af6 Oef] ˆnf;]6n] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{df P]Soa4tf hgfpb} lautdf a]lNhod ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] kmfF;LafbL ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] xltof/sf] s8f cfnf]rgf ug'{eof] . j]lNhodsf] ljleGg :yfgaf6 cfP/ e]nfePsf ;of}+ g]kfnLx?sf] pkl:yltdf ePsf] pQm lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng d+~rsf s]lGb|o ;lrj lrq ;'j]bLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm lj/f]w sfo{qmddf ;Qf hgtfdf x:tfGt/0f u/, nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn lhGbfjfb, lg/+s'z g]kfnL /fhtGq d'bf{jfb, /fHo cft+s jGb u/ / ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts jlGbx? l/xf u/ h:tf gf/f 3GsfP/ g]kfnL b"tfjf;sf] kl/;/ 3GsfPsf lyP .

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jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt PDa];L /f] lxN6g xf]6ndf ;]K6]Da/ @( sf lbg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkfn] g]kfnsf] /fhtGq Oltxf;sfnb]lv g} hgtfsf] kIfdf g/x]sf] atfpFb} cfkm"x?n] s'g} cfj];df cfP/ /fhtGq km\ofSg'kg]{ gf/f gnufPsf] atfpg'eof] .
Oltxf;sf] sfnv08b]lv g} k6s k6s /fhtGqn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ slxNo} klg ;fj{ef}d ;DkGg x'g glbPsf] tYo cf}+NofpFb} casf] cfpFbf] k':tfn] k'gM /fhtGqsf lj?2 n8\g' gk/f];\ eg]/ cfkm"x? zL/df skmg afFw]/ ;8sdf plqPsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
yfkfn] jt{dfg /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] pkl:yltdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf cfof]hssf tkm{af6 g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfjfhnfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];leq ;d]t k'/\ofpg ;kmn uug yfkfnfO{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;Laf;L g]kfnLx?sf tkm{af6 :jfut ub}{ /fhtGqsf] cGTosf nflu /fhgLlts g]tfx?n] ;+emf}tfsf] af6f]df lx8\g nfu] eg] klg ljBfyL{x?n] va/bf/L ub}{ /fhtGqsf] cGTo / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgfsf nflu eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt cfkm\gf] k"0f{ ;dy{g /x]sf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L sfo{qmd cfof]hs ;]A;sf k"j{ cWoIf ls/0f l;6f}nfn] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng vfnL 9'+ufd'8fdf dfq ;Lldt /fVg gx'g] / cfkm"eGbf cufl8sf g]tfx?eGbf gofF kLl8sf o'jfx?n] :jR5 5jL /fVb} cfpg] lbgx?df b]znfO{ ;xLaf6f] lt/ n}hfg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] .
;]A;n] nf]stflGqs o'jf g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;fxg / k|]/0ff lbg cufl8 a9\g] 5 / olb oL g]tfx? klg e|i6 eP/ lgl:sPsf v08df log}sf] lj/f]wdf cfjfh p7fg klg kl5 gkg]{ atfpg'eof] .
;f] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf lk|m g]kfn g]6;Fu ;DalGwt tyf g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf af/]df ;f]wkq n]Vb} cfPsL cd]l/sL ljBfyL{ 8flgofnf kf]G;n] ;+;f/sf] h'g;'s} efudf klg /fhgLlts pynk'yn Nofpgsf nflu ljBfyL{x?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] atfpg'eof] . kf]G;n] ljutdf cfkm\gf] b]z lrnLdf lkgf];]sf] tfgfzfxLsf lj?2sf] cfGbf]ngdf cfkm"n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] sl7gfOx?sf af/]df cg'ej atfpFb} g]kfnsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngk|lt cfkm\gf] k"0f{ ;dy{g /x]sf] hgfpg'eof] .
kf]G;n] g]kfndf k'u]/ ;d]t g]kfnL ljBfyL{x?sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt ;xof]u k'/\ofpFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L P8ef]s];L g]6 86cu{ ;+:yfsL d]l08 gf]hf]n] g]kfnsf ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkfnfO{ 8L;Ldf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd /fVg] g]kfnLkf]i6 86sd tyf ;]A;nfO{ wGojfb lbb}+ g]kfnLx?n] nf]stGqsf nflu ul//x]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt cfkm\gf] ;d]t k"0f{ ;dy{g hgfpFb} pkl:yt cfuGt'sx?nfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkfnfO{ jt{dfg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cj:yfsf af/]df cfuGt's ljleGg lj4fgx?n] cfkm\gf lh1fzfx? /fv]sf lyP .
sfo{qmdsf] z'?df æcfGbf]ng hf/L 5Æ gfds g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf k|x/L k|zf;gn] u/]sf] bdg;DaGwL !* ldg]6 nfdf] Ps lel8of] k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] .
:6]6 l8kf{6d]G6sf] lgdGq0ffdf em08} Ps dlxg] sfo{qmddf efu lng cfOk'Ug'ePsf ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkfn] 8L;L /xFbf :6]6 l8kf{6d]G6df blIf0f Pl;of dfldnf x]g'{x'g] lqml:6gf /f]Ssf nufotsf Soflk6g lxnl:yt ljleGg l;g]6/x?sf] sfo{noddf ;d]t k'uL g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cd]l/sfn] g]kfnnfO{ lbb}+ cfPsf] xltof/ ;xof]u k"0f{ ?kdf aGb ug'{kg]{, g]kfnLx?sf] cfjfh cGt/f{li6|o :t/df p7fpgsf nflu cd]l/sfn] EjfO;ckm cd]l/sf /]l8of] sfo{qmd k'gM z'? ug'{kg] / cd]l/sfn] gofF o'jf ju{sf] g]t[TjnfO{ b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yf;Fu ;DaGwL ;d]t k|lzIf0f Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ h:tf ;'emfjx? lbb}+ cfpg'ePsf] 5 .

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elgG5 ;+uLtsf] s'g} efiff x'Fb}g . cyf{t\ ;+uLtsf] efiff ljZjJofkL 5 . cfh cd]l/sL ;dfhdf g]kfnsf] ;f/+uLsf] tf/sf] nf]s efiff s0f{lk|o x'g yfn]sf] 5 . To;}n] cd]l/sL ;+rf/dfWodn] g]kfnsf nf]sufos Pj+ cd]l/sLx? dfem ;+f:s[lts /fhb"tsf] ?kdf lrlgg'x'g] k|]d/fhf dxtsf af/]df n]v]sf 5g\, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgx?n] k|ToIf k|zf/0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;fob o;}n] xf]nf ca k|]d/fhfsf] 6f]nLn] cGt/f{li6|o nf]s dxf]T;jdf ;d]t efu lng] ePsf] 5 .
pQm cGt/f{li6|o nf]s dxf]T;jdf k|]d/fhf dxt / pgsf] ;f+:s[lts 6f]nL blIf0f Pl;ofsf tkm{af6 5flgPsf] s'/f g]zgn sfplG;n km/ b 6|]l8zgn cf6{;n] ;]K6]Da/ !$ tfl/vdf jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;nfO{ n]v]sf] kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
k|]d/fhf dxtsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] lxdfnog ;f+:s[lts ;d'xn] pQm dxf]T;jdf g]kfnsf] lxdfnb]lv t/fO{;Ddsf] ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd k|:t't ug]{ePsf] 5 . dxtsf] pQm 6f]nLdf /x]sf] cGo sfnsfx?df /jL nfld5fg], ;'gLn pk|]tL, odg >]i7, /fhsk'/, ;'zLn >]i7, ;'/]zrGb| k|wfg, df]xg yfkf / xl/ lzjfsf]6L /x]sf 5g\ .
To;f] t k|]d/fhfn] cd]l/sfdf a;]/ klg g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lz/ 7f8f] kfg]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] /fi6|sf] snf / ;+:s[ltsf] uf}/j /fVg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . kmn:j?k pgn] /f]6/L OG6/g]zgn dfkm{t\ g]kfndf klg ;fdflhs sfo{df ;xof]usf] xft k7fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ut jif{ dxtn] /f]6/L OG6/g]zgndfkm{t\ /fi6|;+3 lbj;sf cj;/df blIf0f Pl;ofs} k|ltlglwTj ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] k|wfg sfof{no Go'of]s{df g]kfn / e"6fgsf ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t'sf af/]df cfkm\gf] cledt hfx]/ u/]sf lyP .
ækfgsf kft dfofF ltdLnfO{ ;+emG5' lbgsf] /ft===Æ eGg] nf]suLtaf6 cToGt rrf{df cfPsf dxtsf] kl5Nnf] rlr{t nf]sufLt xf] æd:of{ª\bLdf e]n a'em\g} uf/f] ef] lk/tLsf] v]n==Æ ca pgL æcfsfzdf h'g==Æ gfds PNad lgsfNg] tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g\ . To;f] t pgsf bh{gf} nf]suLtx? ahf/df cfO;s]sf 5g\ .

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sl/a % ;o Xo":6gaf;L g]kfnLx? x'l/s]g /Ltfsf] qf;bLn] o;k6s Hofb} kLl8t eP . g]kfnLx? Hofg hf]ufpg cl:6g, ;fg\ofG6Lgf] / 8fn; h:tf ;'/lIft zx/ tkm{ efu] eg] w]/} t 7"nf] 6"flkmshfdsf] sf/0f Hofgsf] dfof df/]/ Xo":6gd} kms{g afWo eP .
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oxfFsf d]o/ ljn XjfO6 / cGo clwsf/Lx?sf] df};d ;DaGwL r]tfjgL ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 k|;f/0f ePkl5 ;a}hgf 8/fpg' :jefljs} lyof] . oxfF /Ltfsf] sf/0f 7"nf] gf]S;fgL x'g] tyf cla/n jiff{n] af9Ldo x'g] cfz+°f AoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . wGo Û t/ df};d eljiojf0fL d'tfljs Xo":6gdf /Ltfsf] tf08j g[To eg] b]Vg' k/]g . oxfF ;]K6]Da/ @$ sf] zlgjf/ ljxfg # ah]b]lv 7"n} x'/L atf; rn]klg 8/nfUbf] rfFxL lyPg . To:t} ;fdfGo kflg k¥of], clj/n jiff{ eg] ePg . Xo":6gsf] 8fpg6fpg, UofNef]:6g / cGo s]xL :yfgdf s]xL IftL eg] ePsf] 5 . To; Ifltdf g]kfnLx?nfO{ s] slt c;/ k/]sf] 5 To;sf] vf;} ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . uPsf] ljxLjf/b]lv Xo":6g zx/ k'/} ;'g;fg lyof] . sfof{no, Aofkf/, Aoa;fo, z}lIfs k|lti7fgx? ;a} aGb lyP . cd]l/sfdf oqf] cft° / qf; clg of] d'bf{ zflGt klxnf] k6s b]lvof] . g]kfndf x'/L atf;, af9L k}/f];Fu /fd|} kl/lrt g]kfnLx? klg oxfF cd]l/sL ldl8ofsf] k|rf/ cft°af6 lgs} k|efljt ePsf] kfOof] .

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g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
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g]kfnL hgk|utLlzn d~r,j]lNhodsf] cu|;/tfdf cS6f]a/ $ tfl/vsf lbg a]lNhodl:yt g]kfnL b"tfaf; cufl8 Ps lj/f]w k|b{zg sfo{qmd ug]{ ePsf] 5 .g]kfndf rln/x]sf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ;+3if{sf] ;dy{g tyf P]Soj4tf hgfpg / b"tfaf;4f/f ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ lbg] u/]sf] b'Mvsf lj?2 pQm lj/f]w k|b{zg ul/g] ePsf] s'/f g]kfnL hgk|utLlzn d~r, j]lNhodn] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ul/ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .

blIf0f PlzofnL j[Qlrq dxf]T;jdf g]kfnL

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+, ;]K6]Da/ @$, @))%

kqsf/ lu/Lz lu/Lsf] klxnf] j[Qlrq o; jif{sf] …lkmNd ;fpy PlzofÚdf g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ PSnf] lkmNd aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf sfo{/t lu/Lz snf, ;+:s[lt / ofqfsf af/]df snd rnfpg] u5{g\ . o; qmddf pgn] ;+uLt / y'k|} kbf{-s[ltsf af/]df l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . t/ cfkm}+n] l;h{gf ug]{ tkm{ eg] of] pgsf] klxnf] k|of; xf] .
jL/uGhsf] o'jf Snjn] ut jif{ ljxf/sf] ;f]gk'/df cfof]lht km'6jn k|ltof]uLtf v]Ngsf lglDt ef/tsf] ofqf u/]sf] lyof] . j[Qlrq …l6d g]kfnÚ df Tolx ofqfsf ef]ufOx? ;xh / :jfefljs ?kdf au]sf] 5 . csf]{ zJbdf of] ljxf/L cg'ejsf] /f]rs b:tfj]h ;d]t xf] .
ljZje/L låb]zLo ;DjGwnfO ltgsf /fhwfgLn] xfFSg] u5{g\ . g]kfn-ef/t ;DjGw To;eGbf km/s 5}g . xfdL ljrsf] ;DjGw klg sf7df8f}+ / lbNnLsf] ;f]+rdf cfwfl/t 5 . o; j[Qlrqn] eg] cem j9L 3gf eP/ l;dfjtL{ If]qx?df km}lnPsf] ;DjGwdf ;d]t k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . :yflgo :t/ jf egf}+ jL/uGh / ;f]gk'/ ljrsf] ;DjGwnfO o;n] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
l;dfgf j/k/ cfof]hgf x'g] o:tf k|ltof]uLtf s;/L ;xh} …cGt/fli6"oÚ aGg k'U5g\, /fhwfgL s]lGb|t d'n'sdf df]km;nsf v]nf8Lx? s;/L afFr]sf 5g\ , l;dfjtL{ o'jfx?df /fi6"nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;kgfx? s;/L …cs}{af6f]Ú af6 k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5,sf7df8f}+ / lbNnLsf] ;DaGw eGbf l;dfgfsf b'j} lt/sf afl;Gbfx?sf] ;DjGw slt km/s 5, Ps csf{sf af/]df pgLx? s] ;f]R5g\ -lo / o:tf w]/} k|Zgx?sf] hjfkm a[Qlrq leq kfpg ;lsG5 .
lu/LznfO{ 5fof+sgsf lglDt jL/uGhs} k+sh >]i7n] ;3fPsf 5g\ . lv+lrPsf b[ionfO{ sf6\g] / hf]8\g] sd{ u/]/ #& ldg]6df bz{s ;fd' k:sg] sfd eg] rlr{t j[Qlrq …e]+8fsf] pg h:tf]Úsf ;Dkfbs kbd >]i7n] u/]sf x'g\ .
8s'd]G6"L lgdf{0fdf OR5's gjo'jfx?sf] lglDt of] k|]/0ffbfoL lkmNd x'g;Sg] lgdf{0f ;+:yf g]kf-nosf ls/0f >]i7 atfpF5g\ .…;fdfGo s'/fx? klg slt /f]rs kf/fn] eGg ;lsG5 eGg] o;df b]lvG5Ú >]i7 cufl8 eG5g\,… 8s'd]G6"L hutdf Ps gofF cg'xf/nfO k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf xfdLnfO v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .Ú
…dxf]T;jsf lglDt 5flgPsf] ;'g]/ lgs} v'zL nfu]sf] 5Ú lgdf{tf lu/Lzn] eg],…c? s'g} lkmNd g5flgP/ PSn} g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{kbf{ yk lhDd]jf/Ljf]w u/fPsf] 5 .Ú
blIf0f PlzofnL j[Qlrq dxf]T;jdf !*( j6f j[Qlrqn] ;xeflutf lglDt cfj]bg lbPsf]df $# j6f j[Qlrq dfq 5gf]6df k/]sf 5g\ . To; dWo] g]kfnL lkmNdsf/af6 lgld{t Psdfq j[Qlrq …l6d g]kfnÚ n] o;kfnLsf] blIf0f PlzofnL j[Qlrq dxf]T;jdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
k|To]s b'O jif{df cfof]lht x'g] blIf0f PlzofnL j[Qlrq dxf]T;jsf] kfFrf} >[+vnf o; jif{ c;f]h !# b]lv !* ut];Dd /fhwfgLsf] s'df/L rnlrq dlGb/df k|blz{t x'g]5 .

aGbL cfdfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu ;xof]u

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L ;]K6]Da/ !(, @))%

g]kfnsf ljleGg aGbLu[xx?df cfdfx? ljleGg cleof]udf h]n hLjg latfO/xFbf pgLx?sf gfafnv 5f]/f5f]/Lx? klg h]ndf a:g afWo x'g] u/]sf / To:tf afnaflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf bLIffsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] æcd]l/sf g]kfn jLdg P;f]l;P;g ckm u|]6/ jfl;+ª6g 8L;L -cfgjf_Æn] s]xL /sd ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
pQm hfgsf/L cfgjfsL ;+of]hs /Ltf ltjf/Ln] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ u/fpg'ePsf] xf] .
g]kfnL / cd]l/sg kl/jf/af6 k|fKt ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ hDdf u/L elh{lgofsf] kmN;rr{l:yt lUngsfln{g JoflK6; rr{sf] k|f+u0fdf a]Rg -of8{;]n_ /fv]/ hDdf % ;o %# 8n/ ;]K6]Da/ !& tfl/v zlgaf/sf lbg hDdf ul/Psf] s'/f cfgjfsL sf]iffWoIf /+hLtf l;6f}nfn] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
ljxfg & ah]b]lv lbpF;f] ! ah];Dd /flvPsf] pQm of8{ ;]ndf g]kfnL / cd]l/sg dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf] ;xefuLtf /xsf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf h]nx?df cfdfsf ;fy /x]sf afnaflnsfx?sf] lzIff bLIffsf nflu sfd ub}{ cfPsf] æc;xfo afnaflnsf ;+/If0f u[xÆ gfds u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfdfkm{t\ ;f] /sd ljt/0f ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
cflv/ g]kfnLx? hxfF k'u] klg g]kfnsf] lrGtf lnO/x]s} x'G5g\ eGb} o:tf k|sf/sf ;fdflhs sfo{n] klg b]vfpg] x'gfn] cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t o; lsl;dsf ljleGg sfo{qmd ub}{ g]kfndf ;xof]u ub}{ hfg] s'/f cfgjfsL ;+of]hs /Ltf ltjf/Ln] g]kfnLkf]i6nfO{ atfpg'eof] .
of] of8{ ;]nsf] ;+of]hssf ?kdf ;f]xL cfgjf ;+:yfsL ;lqmo ;b:o clDasf u'?ªn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
-gf]6 M of8{ ;]n eg]sf] cfkm"nfO{ sfd gnfUg] gofF of k'/fgf n'uf, sk8fb]lv lnP/ 3/fo;L ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ cfkm\g} 3/ cufl8 jf ljleGg sDo'lg6L ;]G6/, rr{ kl/;/x?df /fv]/ ;:tf] bfddf a]Rg' xf] ._

gful/s ;efx?nfO{ lgif]wf1f

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ ;]K6]Da/ !(, @))%

/fhfsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] jt{dfg ;/sf/n] Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ gful/s ;efnfO{ nlIft u/L ljleGg lhNnfdf lgif]wf1f nufpg yfn]sf] 5 . nf]stGq, dfgj clwsf/ zflGtsf nflu s}nfnL lhNnfsf] l6sfk'/df ebf} @^ ut] cfof]lht gful/s ;efdf dfgj clwsf/jfbL s[i0f kxf8L, 8f=dy'/f k|;fb >]i7 nufotsf jQmfx?n] ;+af]wg ug]{ sfo{qmd lyof] t/ cl3Nnf] lbg s}nfnL lhNnf k|zf;gn] sfo{qmdnfO{ nlIft u/L l6sfk'/df lgif]wf1f 3f]if0ff u¥of] .
o;}u/L c;f]h ! ut] emfkf lhNnfs]f bdsdf gful/s ;ef 3f]if0ff ePsf]df emfkf lhNnf k|zf;gn] bds nufot emfkfsf $ :yfgdf !$ lbgsf nflu lgif]wf1f nfu' u¥of] . Onfddf klg gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+efljt sfo{qmdnfO{ b[li6ut u/L :yfgLo k|zf;gn] lgif]wf1f nfu" u/]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] gful/s ;dfhsf] 3f]if0ff;efaf6 cflQP/ s[i0f kxf8Lnufotsf dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?n] ;+af]wg ug]{ 7"n 7"nf gful/s ;efx?df lgif]wf1f hf/L u/L sfo{qmd ljyf]Ng ;/sf/ nfu]sf] 5 .

/fi6|;+3 cufl8 g]kfnLx?sf] lj/f]w ¥ofnL

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
;]K6]Da/ !&, @))%

g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf / lg/+s'z zf;gsf lj/f]wsf nflu ljb]zL /fi6|x?sf] ;d]t Wofgfsif{0f xf];\ eGb} ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] d'Vofno cufl8 ;]K6]Da/ !^ tfl/vsf lbg g]kfnL tyf g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug]{ ljb]zLx?sf] ;d]t ;xefuLtfdf Ps lj/f]w k|b{zg sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .
;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] ^) cf}+ dxf;ef ;DkGg eO/x]sf] pQm cj;/df lj/f]w ¥ofnL cfof]hsx?n] g]kfndf zflGt / nf]stflGqs kl/kf6L g/x]sfn] To;sf nflu ljb]zL ldq /fi6|x?n] ;d]t bjfj lbg'kg]{ eGb} () b]zsf ljleGg /fi6|k|d'vx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO;s]sf 5g\ .
em08} kfFr ;oeGbf a9Lsf] ;+Vofdf pkl:yt k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] g]kfnsf :j3f]lift cWoIf 1fg]Gb|sf lj?2 rsf{ gf/f nufOPsf lyP .
sljtf, Jo+Uo / pkl:yt jQmfx?n] g]kfndf nf]stGq :yfkgf x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf b]lvGy] .
pQm lj/f]w sfo{qmddf /fi6|;+3sf nflu k"j{ /fhb"t d'/f/L/fh zdf{, ;'lzn Kofs'/]n, 8f= an/fd cof{n, a]b v/]n, 8f= wd{ cfrfo{, ldª\df z]kf{, a+z/fh tfdfª, d[b'nf sf]O/fnf, df]xg l;6f}nf nufotsf JolQmx?n] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfuGt'sx?sf] :jfut Go'of]s{ ¥ofnLsf ;+of]hs cfgGb lji6n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] cfuGt'sx?nfO{ wGojfb csf{ ;+of]hs ;+ho k/fh'nLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng 8f= tf/flglw lg/f}nfn] tyf snfsf/ z}n]; >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf /fi6|;+3d} g]kfnsf nflu njL ug{ cfOk'u]sf dfgjclwsf/jfbL sfo{stf{x? 8f= uf]kfns[i0f l;jfsf]6L, zfGt d'NdL, zf]efsf/ a'9fyf]sL tyf z}n pkfWofo, af/a/f P8Da; nufotsf ljleGg JolQmx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf cd]l/sfdf /x]sf !^ hgf g]kfnL kqsfx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf /f]rs kIf
;xefuLx?n] rsf{ rsf{ :j/df jt{dfg cWoIfsf lj/f]wdf gf/f nufpg', To:t} Ps ;xefuLn] cfkm"nfO{ /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] ?k lbP/ cufl8 plePsf / pgnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] clGtddf >Lk]r vf]n]/, h+hL/n] afFwL n8fP/ b/jf/ ljxLg agfOPsf] lyof] . >Lk]rwf/L /fhfn] cGtdf hLjg ofkg ug{sf nflu ufOg] eP/ k};f p7fpFb} u/]sf k|bz{gn] pkl:yt hg;d'xnfO{ lgSs} /f]rs t'NofPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L slj cfx'tL4f/f lnlvt ædfNbfO d}n] 3fF; vfg ;lsgÆ eGg] Jo+UofTds sljtf snfsf/ z}n]; >]i7n] kf7 ubf{ pkl:yt ;a}n] tfnLsf] 3838fxt lbPsf lyP .
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] g]kfnL ld;gsf] cufl8 uP/ g]kfnsf :j3f]lift cWoIf lj?2 rsf{ gf/fafhL nufPsf lyP . ;f] gf/fjfhL 1fg]Gb|4f/f k|ltlglwsf ?kdf cfPsf /d]zgfy kf08]n] ;d]g x]g{ EofPsf lyP .
8f= d'g gfds Ps sf]l/og wfld{s wgf9\on] ;~rfng u/]sf] Ps ;+:yf4f/f cfdGq0f kfP/ z/brGb zfxb]lv lnP/ e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGb, tf/fgfy /fgfef6 ;d]t Go'of]s{d} /x]sf / To;dWo] e/tdf]xg clwsf/L h'n';df b]vfk/]sf lyP .
cfof]hsx?nfO{ e/tdf]xg clwsf/LnfO{ sfo{qmddf af]Ng lbg s]xL JolQmx?n] bjfj lbPsf eP klg ljutsf] 8L;L ¥ofnLdf lul/hfk"qL ;'htfnfO{ af]Ng glbPsf] / e/tdf]xg clwsf/Lsf] clxn]sf] cj:yf eg]sf] ;'htfs} bfFhf]df /x]sfn] clwsf/LnfO{ klg af]Ng lbg gx'g] eGb} w]/}n] lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP .
csf{ tf/fgfy /fgfef6nfO{ sfo{qmddf b]vfkg{ ;Sg'x'G5 eg] b]vfkg'{ eg]/ ¥ofnL cfof]hsx?n] eg]sf eP klg pgn] eg] pkl:ylt x'g] lxDdt u/]gg\ .

/fi6|;+3 d'Vofno cufl8 k':ts ljdf]rg

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
Go'of]s{ ;]K6]Da/ !&, @))%

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngk|lt k|ltj2 ;flxTosf/ vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nf4f/f ljleGg kqklqsfdf lnlvt n]vx?sf] ;+sngsf] ;+ufnf] ækm"n, kft, kts/Æ gfds k':ts ljdf]rg sfo{qmd Go'of]s{l:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3sf] d'Vofno cufl8 ;DkGg eof] .
k':tssf] ljdf]rg jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfosf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ sfo{stf{ 8f= an/fd cof{nn4f/f u/fOPsf] lyof] eg] 8f= lbks v8\sfn] k':tsdfly dGtJo JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf an k'Ug] vfnsf n]v /rgfx? cvjf/x?df k|sflzt x'Fb} cfPsf] / eljiodf ltgsf] /fd|f] ;+/If0f xf];\ / nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf yk pmhf{ k'uf];\ eGb} o; lsl;dsf k':tsx? g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdn] k|sflzt u/]sf] s'/f g]kfnLkf]i6 86sdsf k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]nn] k':ts ljdf]rgsf cj;/df atfpg'eof] .
;+;f/e/af6 /fi6|;+3sf] ^) cf}+ dxf;efdf efu lng cfPsf /fi6|fWofIfx?sf] g]kfnsf] jt{dfg zf;g cj:yfsf af/]df Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?4f/f ul/Psf] lj/f]w ¥ofnLsf] cj;/ kf/]/ pQm k':tssf] ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] .
o;cl3 klg nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fpFb} cfpg'ePsf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ s[i0f kxf8Lsf n]vx?sf] ;+ufnf] æefFlrPsf] sndÆnfO{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf ;DkGg nf]stflGqs ¥ofnLsf cj;/ kf/]/ ljdf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] .

dxf;lrj g]kfnk|lt ;]gfåf/f b'Jo{jxf/

pbo hLPd
bfª, !@ ;]K6]Da/ @))%

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn;lxt s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?k|lt uP/flt ;f9] !) ah] ;]gfn] b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] 5 . k|x/L;Fu ;dGjo u/L pgLx?s} :sl6{ªsf] uf8L cfPkl5 kf6L{sf] c~rn sfof{noaf6 vfgf vfg] 7fpFdf hfFbf u:tLdf /x]sf] ;]gfn] clzi6 Jojxf/ ub}{ uf8LnfO{ k'gM lkmtf{ k7fOlbPsf] lyof] .
dxf;lrj g]kfnn] k|]; rf}tf/L bfªn] ;f]djf/ cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf eGg'eof]- …b'O{ rf/ hgf s/fP/ x'G5 < eGg]x?nfO{ t'n;Lk'/sf] ljzfn hg;efn] ;d'lrt hjfkm lbPsf] 5 . To;af6 lg/+s'ztfjfbLx? cQflnPsf 5g\ .Ú g]kfnn] cufl8 eGg'eof]- …lxhf] a]n'sf g]skf Pdfn] c~rn sld6Lsf] a}7skZrft xfd|f ;fyLx? gful/s k|zf;gsf] cg'dltdf pgLx?s} :sl6{ª 6Ldn] lnP/ hfFbf xfd|f ;fyLx?sf] uf8LnfO{ aLr}df /f]s]/ lkmtf{ ug]{ cToGt} lgDg bhf{sf] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . of] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFbf dnfO{ a8f] b'Mv nflu/x]sf] 5 .Ú
dxf;lrj g]kfnn] k|Zg ug'{eof]- …o:tf lgDg sf]6Lsf] Jojxf/ ug]{ tL JolQmx? sf] x'g\ < To;sf] 5fgjLg x'g'kb{5 / ltgLx?nfO{ bl08t ug'{ kb{5 .Ú g]kfnn] lxhf] a]n'sf ;]gfn] u/]sf] clzi6 / cdof{lbt lqmofsnfksf] eT;{gf ub}{ yKg'eof]- …pQm lqmofsnfksf] d e|T;gf{ / lgGbf ug{ rfxG5' .Ú
kqsf/x?;Fu dxf;lrj g]kfnn] pgLx?sf] Tof] Jojxf/af6 pgLx? slt tNnf] bhf{df pqg ;Sb5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ g} b]vfPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]- …of] pgLx?sf] alnof]kgfsf] k|df0f xf]Og, pgLx?sf] p208tf sdhf]/Lsf] kl/rfos xf] . lgEg yfn]sf] aQLh:t} pgLx?sf Jojxf/ / lqmofsnfkx? b]vf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . lg/+s'ztflj?4sf] cfGbf]ngn] hlthlt ult k|fKt ub}{ hfg]5, pgLx?sf] p208tfn] TolQs} ;Ldf gf£b} hfg]5 .Ú
Pdfn] j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf /fKtL c~rn O~rfh{ Pj+ k"j{;f+;b k|sfz Hjfnfn] k|x/L;Fu ;dGjo u/L c~rn sfof{noaf6 Pshgf :yfgLo g]tfsf] 3/df vfgf vfg hfFbf pQm 36gf ePsf] atfpg' eof] . …xfdLn] If]qLo k|x/L OsfO{ sfof{no t'n;Lk'/sf jl/i7 k|x/L pk/LIfs;Fu s'/fsfgL u/]sf lyof}+ . pxfFx?n] …tkfO{+x?n] lglikmqmL eP/ a}7s ;~rfng ug'{xf];\ . a}7s ;lsPkl5 xfdLnfO{ va/ ug'{xf]nf . xfdLn] g} uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofOlbpFnfÚ eGg'ePsf] lyof]Ú- Hjfnfn] eGg'eof]- …ToxLcg';f/ c~rn sld6Lsf] a}7s ;lsPkl5 xfdLn] va/ u¥of}+ . k|x/Lsf] uf8L cfof] . k|x/Lsf] uf8L cufl8 nfu]kl5 dxf;lrj g]kfn, :yfoL sld6L ;b:o Pj+ k"j{dGqL o'j/fh 1jfnL, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'/]Gb| kf08];lxtsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf] uf8L lx8\of] . t'n;Lk'/l:yt /fli6"o jfl0fHo a}+s cufl8 k'u]kl5 ;]gfsf] Eofg cfP/ clzi6 Jojxf/ ub}{ hxfFaf6 lnP/ cfPsf] xf], ToxL+ k'¥ofOlbg" eGg] cfb]z lbof] .Ú ;]gfn] k|x/Lsf] :sl6{ªdf cfPsf] uf8L g} lkmtf{ ug{ eg]kl5 pQm 6f]nL ef]s} k'gM kf6L{sf] c~rn sfof{nodf kms]{sf] lyof] .

s]l6"gf kLl8t g]kfnLnfO{ ;xof]u

la6' s] = ;L =
Xo":6g, 6]S;f; ;]K6]Da/ !@, @))%

xfn} n'lhofgf , ldl;l;kL / cnafdfdf cfPsf] æs]l6"gf æ - af6 ToxfF kLl8t ePsf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]knLh P;f]l;P;g ckm Xo':6gn] ;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ToxfF+ cfPsf] eo+s/ t"kmfg / af9Laf6 slt g]kfnL kl/jf/ kLl8t eP eGg] jf:tljs tYof° k|fKt geP klg xfn s]xL g]kfnLx? Pg P Pr sf] ;Dks{df cfPsf 5g\ . Pg P Prn] ljleGg ;Dks{ ;"q dfkm{t Tof] eofgs k|fs[lts ljklQdf k/]sf g]kfnLx?sf] ljj/0f ;+sng u/L cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df lxhf] oxf+ a;]sf] Pg P Prsf] a}7sn] cy{ ;+sngsf] sfd z'? ul/;s]sf] 5 .

casf] g]kfn /fhfljgfsf] g]kfn x'g]5 M g]kfn

g/]Gb| s]=;L=
t'n;Lk'/, ;]K6]Da/ !!, @))%

d'n'sdf zflGt / k|hftGq :yfkgf ug{sf nflu /fhf afws cf/f]k nufpFb} g]skf Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] casf] g]kfn /fhfljgfsf] g]kfn x'g] pb\3f]if ug'{ePsf] 5 .
…/fhf g} ;+j}wflgs bfo/fleq a:g gdfg]kl5 g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ klg /fhf dflg/xg'k5{ eGg] 5}gÚ- cg]/f:jljo'sf] bf];|f] /fli6"o a}7ssf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ t'n;Lk'/df ;Daf]wg ub}{ pxfFn] eGg'eof]- …To;}n] casf] g]kfn /fhfljgfsf] g]kfn x'g]5 . casf] k|hftGq /fhfljgfsf] k|hftGq x'g]5 . casf] nf]stGq /fhfljgfsf] nf]stGq x'g]5 .Ú
Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] gjf}+ a}7sn] ;+ljwfg;efx'Fb} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf hfg], sf+u|];sf] dxflwj]zgn] ljwfgaf6 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x6fpg] Pj+ dfcf]jfbLsf] kl5Nnf] kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf] a}7sn] tLgdlxg] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ lg0f{o u/]kl5sf] klxnf] v'nf ;efnfO{ ;+jf]wg ub}{ Pdfn] dxf;lrj g]kfnn] eGg'eof]- …oL tLg kf6L{sf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? cGt/;DalGwt 5g\ .Ú pxfFn] cfkm"x?n] zflGtk"0f{ t/Lsfaf6 g} gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ pb\3f]if ul/;s]sfn] cfd hg;d'bfo cfGbf]lnt x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lb+b} eGg'eof]- …bfªsf] 3f]/fxLdf ^) xhf/ / sf7df8f}+df sDtLdf % nfv hgtfn] dfr{ ug]{ xf] eg] /fhf 8fF8f] sf6]/ efUg]5g\ .Ú
k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 pb\3f6g dGtJo JoQm ub}{ dxf;lrj g]kfnn] bz}+-ltxf/kl5 a[xt k|bz{g ug]{ tof/L /x]sf] klg v'nf;f ug'{eof] . …of] ;do cToGt cg's"n ;do xf]Ú- pxfFn] eGg'eof]- …o'4lj/fdsf] cjlw cfGbf]ng tof/Lsf] cjlw aGg'k5{ .Ú dfcf]jfbL;Fu tTsfn Pp6} df]rf{df a;]/ cfGbf]ng ug{ g;lsg] atfpFb} pxfFn] b'j}sf] zq' Pp6} ePsfn] cfˆgf] If]qaf6 k|xf/ ug'{kg]{ / dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf Jojxf/ ;'wfb}{ n}hfg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . …bnx? / dfcf]jfbLsf aLrdf ;xdltsf cfwf/x? alg/x]sf 5g\Ú- pxfFn] eGg'eof]- …dfcf]jfbL / ;ft bnaLr jftf{ x'Fbf ljb]z ldq / gful/s ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx? klg a:g'k5{ .Ú
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} Pdfn]sf :yfoL sld6L ;b:o Pj+ k"j{ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL o'j/fh 1jfnLn] clxn]sf] h:tf] /fhtGqsf] k|lts"n cj:yf Oltxf;df slxNo} gcfPsf] atfpFb} ;+;f/sf /fhfnfO{ hgtfn] h;/L nv]6] oxfFsf] l:ylt klg Tof] eGbf km/s gx'g] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . nfvf}+nfv hgtf ;8sdf pqg] xf] eg] l5§} nf]stGq :yfkgf x'g] ljZjf; klg pxfFn] JoQm ug'{eof] . o:t} csf{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ljBfyL{ ljeft O~rfh{ ;'/]Gb| kf08]n] @)#^ ;fn / @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngn] h/fdf sf6]sf] eP klg klg casf] cfGbf]ngn] lg/+s'ztGqsf] k"/} ?v 9nfpg] bfjL ug'{eof] . /fhgLlts bn / /fhfaLrsf] emu8f nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] emu8f xf] eGg] /fhfsf] egfO{k|lt l6Kk0fL ub}{ pxfFn] pxfFn] eGg'eof]- …/ftel/ hfF8 vfP/ >LdtL lk6\g] >Ldfg\ ca g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ rflxPsf] 5}g . ca g]kfnL hgtf /fhfsf >LdtL aGg rfxGgg\ .Ú
o:t} Pdfn]sf csf{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o z+s/ kf]v|]nn] /fhf, dfcf]jfbL / bnx?n] ;+o'Qm /fi6";+3sf] dWo:ytfdf ;+ljwfg;efåf/f hgtfnfO{ efUosf] km};nf ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg ug{'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . olb ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodaf6 /fhf zflGtk"0f{ lgsf; vf]Hg tof/ ePgg\ eg] ;zQm cfGbf]ngåf/f wssf lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . xfn ;ft bnn] cl3 a9fPsf] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] gf/f nf]slk|o aGg g;s]sf] :jLsf/ ub}{ pxfFn] ;xdltsf] ;femf ljGb'nfO{ cem Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
cg]/f:jljo'sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf lvdnfn e§/fO{n] /fli6"o kl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] cfGbf]ngdf nfvf}+ ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/rfng ub}{ lg/+s'ztGqsf] cGTo ug{ 7f]; lg0f{ lng] atfpg'eof] . cWoIf e§/fO{sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf z'esfdgf dGtJo JoQm ug]{ cGo g]tfx?df Pdfn]sf /fKtL c~rn O~rfh{ k|sfz Hjfnf, c~rn ;dGjo sld6L ;lrj 5lanfn cf]nL / bfª lhNnf sld6L ;lrj /]jtL/d0f zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] .
cg]/f:jljo'sf ;+u7g ljefu k|d'v uf]s'n 3tL{sf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 k|f/De ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng dxf;lrj 7fs'/ u}/]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . aLr aLrdf ;fFuLlts sfo{qmd klg k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmd z'? x'g'cl3 kf6L{ c~rn sfof{no rf]saf6 c/lgsf] d}bfg;Dd xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf gf/fh'n'; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] u0ftGqsf] kIfdf rsf{ gf/fjfhL u/]sf lyP .

;/sf/ o'4lj/fd e+u ug{ nufpg] /0fgLltdf

dfcf]jfbLn] PstkmL{ o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/] klg ;/sf/n] o'4lj/fd e+u ug{ nufpg] /0fgLlt cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] bfªsf p/x/L- ^ df]tLk'/af6 zflgjf/ lbpF;f] & hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{;lxt !# hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf 5 .
o;/L lu/ˆtf/ x'g]x?df yf?jfg d'lQm df]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ lhNnf ;b:o /fdaxfb'/ blxt, kf6L{ P/Lof ;]qm]6/L d]3/fh kf08] / P/Lof ;b:ox? v'daxfb'/ /fgf, ;'Gb/ rf}w/L, sNn'/fd rf}w/L, eLdaxfb'/ rf}w/L tyf lji0f' zdf{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;ft} hgfnfO{ ;'/Ifflgsfodf /fv]/ cg';Gwfg hf/L /flvPsf] ;'/Iff;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 .
lu/ˆtf/ cGo /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x?df nf]sh+u zfx, nf]s/fh Gof}kfg], u0f]zaxfb'/ a:g]t, OGb|dl0f v8\sf, dfgaxfb'/ /fpt / l8NnLaxfb'/ a:g]t /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ cfOtjf/ ljxfg l/xf ul/Psf] t'n;Lk'/l:yt ;'/Iff lgsfon] hgfPsf] 5 .
o;}aLr dfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;fu/n] 6]lnkmf]g ;Dks{ u/L o'4lj/fdnfO{ ;]jf]6]h ug]{ sfo{ ;/sf/n] g/f]s] g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGtk|ltsf] cfsf+Iffdf u+eL/ t'iff/fkft x'g] atfpFb} o:tf 36gfx?sf] cg'udg u/L cGt/f{li6"os/0f ug{ cGo /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yf / ;+o'Qm /fi6";+3nufotsf cGt/f{li6"o ;d'bfo;Fu cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .

z}lIfs If]qsf] lghLs/0f cGTo x'g'kg]{df hf]8

g/]Gb| s]=;L=
vfb|] -bfª_, !! ;]K6]Da/ @))%

x/]s gful/ssf nflu lzIff cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ePsfn] o; If]qdf b]lvPsf] lghLs/0fsf] cGTo u/L ;dfg lzIff gLlt nfu' x'g'kg]{df zlgjf/ bfªsf] vfb|]df cfof]lhts Ps sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
cg]/f:jljo" -qmflGtsf/L_ lhNnf ;ldlt bfªåf/f cfof]lht …z}lIfs If]qsf] lghLs/0fM ;d:of / lgsf;Ú ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] ;f] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf x'g\ . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} qmflGtsf/Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] z}lIfs If]qsf] lghLs/0fsf] cGTo ug{ jf]l8{ª :s"nx? aGb ug'{kg]{ atfPsf lyP eg] af]l8+ª ;~rfns, lzIfs, cleefjs, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / KofJ;gsf k|ltlglwx?n] lzIff If]qsf] lghLs/0fsf] cGTo x'g'kg]{ t/ ljsNkljgf af]l8{ª :s"nx? aGb ubf{ emg\ 7"nf] ;d:of cfOnfUg] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltlysf] cf;gaf6 af]Nb} clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf ljz]if If]qLo ;+of]hs /]zd k'gn] oxL lzIff gLltsf] cfwf/df ;fdGtL Joj:yf cl8Psf] atfpFb} eGg'eof]- …xfd|f] n8fO{ /fHo;Qf;Fu xf] af]l8{ª;Fu xf]Og . xfdLn] af]l8{ª aGb u/]/ xfd|f] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ dfq} eg]sf xf}+ .Ú g]kfndf ca lghL lzIffsf] s'g} eljio gePsfn] ;/sf/L :s"nx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{lt/ ;a} nfUg'kg]{ klg pxfFn] atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} dfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;]qm]6/L ;fu/n] lzIffnufot ;a} If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?sf] Psd'i7 lgsf;sf nflu ;a} kIf nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . ;+ljwfg;efåf/f lgdf{0f ul/g] gofF ;+ljwfgaf6 ;a} ;d:ofx?sf] lgsf; vf]lhg'kg]{df hf]8 lb+b} pxfFn] tLg dlxgfsf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ kmnbfoL agfpg k|a'4 au{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] atfpg'eof] .
o:t} KofJ;g bfªsf cWoIf z/bs'df/ zdf{n] lghLs/0fsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ljsNk;xltsf] lgsf;sf] Ph]08f cfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . lghL ljBfno cleefjs ;ldltsf cWoIf lgd{n uf}tdn] o;/L g} z}lIfs If]qnfO{ Jofkf/Ls/0f x'g hfg lbg] xf] eg] ef]ln d'n'sn] wfGg g;Sg] atfpFb} Jojl:yt u/]/ n}hfg'k5{ eGg'eof] . lghL ljBfno lzIfs o'lgog cWoIf lzlz/ clwsf/Ln] aGbsf] ;f6f] af]l8{ªx?nfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/ n}hfg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf gful/s ;dfh bfªsf ;b:o dfwj vgfnn] ;a} kIfaf6 ;dGjofTds lgsf; vf]h]/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{df hf]8 lb+b} z}lIfs cfGbf]ngnfO{ nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf ;d]6]/ n}hfg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|bLk cf]nLn] lzIffdf lghLs/0flj?4sf] ;+u7gsf] lg0f{o bfªaf6} nfu' u/fpg vf]lhPsf] atfpg'eof] .
;+u7gsf lhNnf cWoIf v'zL/fd rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf Jofkf/L wgaxfb'/ s]=;L=, lhNnf af/sf ;lrj clhts'df/ cfrfo{nufotsf jQmfx?n] cfˆgf ljrf/x? /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+u7gsf lhNnf ;b:o k|sfz rf}w/lsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 k|f/De ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lhNnf ;lrj ;'zLnf cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
l5§} JofJ;g / Pg= KofJ;gsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt;Fu klg cGtlqm{of ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] hfgsf/L lb+b} z}lIfs lghLs/0fsf] af/]df tyf bfªsf] ;d:ofsf af/]df klg ToxfF 5nkmn x'g] clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] atfPsf] 5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofnL Aofkf/ d]nfdf g]kfnL k|:t'lt

uf]laGbl;+x /fjt
6f]/f]G6f] ;]K6]Da/ !!, @))%

ut ;ftf 6f]/f]G6f]df cfof]lht blIf0f Pl';ofnL Aofkf/ d]nfdf gd:t] /l8of]sf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnL g[Tox?n] pkl:yt blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;+u} cGo d'n'ssf bz{sx?nfO{ åGå kLl8t /fi6"sf gfdaf6 kl/lrt b]z g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts k|:t'ltn] /f]dfl~rt kfl/lbPsf] lyof] . klxnf] k6s g]kfnsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] o; Aofkf/ d]nfdf Psflt/ Aofkfl/s rxn kxn eO/x]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{ lt/ k|ltof]lutfTds ;f+uLlts k|:t'lt Pj+ ck|ltof]lu ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdx? rnL /x]sf] lyof] .
k|ltof]lutfTds ;f+uLlts sfo{qmddf 8f= ljgf]b j/fnsf] af;'/Lsf] w'gsf] k|:t'lt / lbk lai6sf] cfk\mg} zAb ;+uLtdf k|:t't uLtn] k|ltof]lutfdf s'g} :yfg lg?k0f ug{ g ;s]tf klg ^# hgf k|ltof]lux?nfO{ pl5g]/ d'Vo * k|ltof]uL aGg ;kmn ePsf lyP eg] ck|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflu 2li6 /fjt, O{ef zdf{, k|lti7f e08f/L, Ozfg zdf{ / :jod\ kf]v/]nx?åf/f k|:t't b'O{ g[Tox?n] pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{ /f]dfl~rt kfl/lbPsf] lyof] . Canadian Multicultural Radio / Tamil Vision International sf] cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht o; sfo{qmddf dlgiff kf}8\ofnsf] pTs[i6 pb\3f]if0faf6 Sofgf8fdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] cg'dflgt ;+Vof -nueu %)))_ atfpFb} ;u/dfyf / a'4sf] b]z g]kfnsf] kl/ro ;+u} k|:t't ul/Psf g[Tox?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
;]K6]Da/ # / $, zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf lbg cfof]lht o; sfo{qmd gd:t] /]l8of]n] cfk\mgf] a'y /v]/ Sofgf8fdf /x]sf] klxnf] g]kfnL efiffsf] /]l8of]sf af/]df d]nf ;xefuLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] .
gd:t] /]l8of]n] cfufdL lbgx?df klg Sofgf8fdf g]kfnL ;f+:s[lts k|:t'ltx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ub]{ hfg] tyf g]kfnL snfsf/x?nfO{ af]nfP/ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ / g]kfnsf] kl/ronfO{ cem Aofks agfpb} n}hfg] c7f]6 /fv]sf] af/] gd:t] /]l8of]sf lgb]{zs clgn yfkfn] o; d]nfdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .

hd{gLdf g]kfnLx¿sf] e]nf

;'/]Gb| lji6, aln{g
sf]Ng, hd{gL ;]K6]Da/ (, @))%

g]kfn kl/jf/ hd{gLsf] cfof]hgfdf z'qmaf/ / zlgjf/ b'O{lbg -;]K6]Da/ #-$ tfl/sdf_ hd{gLsf] sf]Ng zx/df g]kfnL ;d"bfo / tLgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] a[xt kfl/jfl/s e]nf ;DkGg ul/of] . pQm sfo{qmddf hd{gLsf] ljleGg zx/x¿ aln{g, sf]Ng, XofDju{, 8\o";]n8f]km{, k|mfªkmf]6{ nufot cGo 7fpFdf :yfoLx¿kdf a;f]jf; ub]{ cfO/x]sf g]kfnL ;d"bfoÙ tLgsf kl/jf/sf cGo u}/-g]kfnL ;b:o nufot ;+:yf;+u cfj4 hd{g gful/sx¿ ;d]tsf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
pQm sfo{qmddf cfof]hs ;+:yfsf cWoIf lbg]z dfgGw/n] cfuGt's kfx'gfx¿sf] :jfut ug'{x'Fb} ljut !) aif{b]lv g]kfn kl/jf/n] jif]{gL hd{gLsf] ljleGg zx/x¿df o:tf] kfl/jfl/s e]nf sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ub]{ cfPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;fy} jxfFn] o:tf] e]nfn] hd{gLdf /x]sf g]kfnL ;d"bfoaLrdf ljleGg hfgsf/L Pj+ cg'ejsf] cfbfg-k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] ljZjf; AoQm ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf u}/-cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3 -Pg=cf/=Pg_ sf dxf-;lrj 8f= s]bf/ k|wfgn] g]kfn kl/jfåf/f cfof]lht o:tf] e]nfn] hd{gLdf 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnL ;d"bfoaLrdf cfk;L ldqtfsf] k|j{4g ug{ 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;fy} >L k|wfgn] Pg=cf/=Pg hd{gLåf/f xfn;Dd ;DkGg ul/Psf lqmofsnfk, ultljlw Pj+ ePsf u/]sf pknlAwsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfn kl/jf/sf sf]iffWoIf O{/ljg a';]xn] ;+:yfsf] cfo-Aoosf] ljj/0f k|:t't ug'{x'Fb} o;jif{ ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf z'Ns afkt o"/f] ! xhf/ $ ;o $) p7]sf] / ;+:yf;Fu clxn] sl/j & xhf/ % ;o o"/f] gub /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf cfufdL lbgdf ;+:yfnfO{ s;/L cem Aofks¿kdf ;a} g]kfnLsf] lxtdf n}hfg ;lsG5 eGg]af/] 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . hd{gLdf a;f]jf; ub]{ cfO{/x]sf g]kfnLx¿ / tLgsf ljb]zL g]kfnL ;b:ox¿, g]kfnL afn-aflnsf tyf tLgsf ljb]zL wd{ dftf-lktf ;+nUg /x]sf] pQm ;+:yf g]kfn kl/jf/n] g]kfnL efiff, wd{, k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhsf] ;+/If0fdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;+:yfn] ljutdf g]kfndf b}lj k|sf]kdf k/]sfx¿sf] p4f/sf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u ;+sng ul/ ;xof]u ;d]t k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

/fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] lj/f]wdf k|bz{g x'g]

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ cu:6 $, @))%

g]kfnsf lg/+s'z /fhf 1fg]Gb| ;+o'Qm /fi6" dxf;efdf efu lng Go'of]s{ k|:yfg ug{] lbg g]kfnsf gful/sx?n] sf7df8f}+df lj/f]w k|bz{g ug{] ePsf 5g\ .
nf]stGq / zflGtsf nflu gful/s cfGbf]ngn] /fhf 1fg]Gb| gful/sx?sf] k|ltlglw gePsf] :ki6 ub{}, /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] sf7df8f}+ 5f8\g] lbg -;DejtM ebf} @$ ut]_ gofFafg]Zj/df lj/f]w k|bz{g ug{] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ut z'qmaf/ kf6gdf ePsf] ljzfn cfd;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{} gful/s cfGbf]ngsf tkm{af6 dfgjclwsf/jfbL s[i0f kxf8Ln] pQm 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] xf] . pQm lj/f]w k|bz{gdf jlsn, kqsf/, k|fWofks, slj, n]vs, dfgj clwsf/jfbL nufot a'l4hLjLx?sf] ;xeflutf /xg]5 . :d/0fLo 5, cfGbf]ng/t & /fhgLlts bnx?n] ;d]t /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ /fi6";+3df af]Ng glbg sf]kmL cGgfg;dIf cfu|x ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

v'nf df]rf{sf] 3f]if0ff ug{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfJxfg

g/]Gb| s]=;L=
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gful/s cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx?n] ;ft /fhg}lts bn, dfcf]jfbL / gful/s ;dfhaLr a[xt ;+o'Qmdf]rf{ sfod x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lb+b} h;sf nflu v'nfdf]rf{sf] 3f]if0ff ug{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] tLg dlxg] o'4lj/fd u/]kl5sf] klxnf] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgLx?n] ca ;+ljwfg;ef / nf]stflGqs u0ftgqsf] ljsNk gePsf] wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
gful/s ;dfh bfªsf] cfof]hgf cfOtjf/ 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg gful/s ;efdf af]Nb} gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jf 8f= b]a]Gb|/fh kf08]n] hgtfsf] r]tgf, bnx?sf] ;RrfO{+ / :jo+ /fhfs} sf/0f /fhtGqsf] Jojxf/tM cGTo eO;s]sf] atfpg'eof] . …o:t} w|'jLs/0f x'Fb} hfg] xf] eg] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] l5§} :yfkgf x'g]5 To;sf nflu ;+ljwfg;ef h?/L 5Ú- 8f= kf08]n] eGg'eof]- …lxhf] gful/ssf] aLrdf ePsf] km"6sf sf/0f klg lg/+s'ztfjfbLx?n] gfhfoh kmfObf p7fP, ca Pstfa4 / ;zQm cfGbf]ngsf] p7fg ug'{k5{ .Ú
d'n'ssf] :jfldTjsf] bfjL ug{ / x/]s qmflGtdf gful/s pbfl;g 5}gg\ x} eg]/ pb\3f]if ug{ gful/s cfGbf]ng yflnPsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfh:tf] af;L gf/fnfO{ 5f8]/gful/ssf] cfjfhnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08fdf cfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpg /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs Pj+ d"Nof+sg dfl;ssf ;Dkfbs Zofd >]i7n] dfcf]jfbLn] o'4lj/fd ubf{ /fhf;Fu xf]Og bnx?;Fu jftf{ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sfn] bnx?n] klg dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ u/L ;xsfo{ ug{ ;+o'Qmdf]rf{sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ eGg'eof] . …bnx?sf] Ps ;"qLo nIo / Ph]08fsf ;fy cfpg'k5{ / dfcf]jfbLn] ;xsfo{sf nflu tTsfn v'nf dfrf{sf] 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{Ú- pxfFn] eGg'eof] . of] ca}w ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ u/]/ dfcf]jfbLn] a}w agfpg] sfd ug'{ gx'g] klg pxfFn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . dfcf]jfbLn] o'4lj/fd e+u ug]{ hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg ;fj{hlgs sf/jfxL u/f];\ eGb} pxfFn] ;+;bjfbL bn / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ dfGo x'g] :jtGq o'4lj/fd cg'udg ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ b'a} kIfnfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf] gofF lg0f{osf] :jfut ub}{ >]i7n] ;ft bnx?n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] Ph]08f kf; ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . ca /fhfn] Roftr't kf/]/ kmfn]sf] ;+ljwfgleq a:g] / ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ h:tf] af;L gf/fnfO{ 5f8]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfWodaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ lbzfdf cl3 a9\g pxfFn] /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] .
o:t} ;flxTosf/ cfx'ltn] g]kfnL ;dfh u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9\g'sf] ljsNk gePsf] k|i6 kfb}{ ca g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x? gf/fdf ?dlNng'eGbf 7f]; /fhgLlts sfo{qmdsf ;fy cfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . lg/+s'ztGq, u[xo'4 / j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] vt/f g} jt{dfg ;+s6sf tLg ?kdf ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] cu|udg / zflGtsf] ;a}eGbf afws tTj @ ;o #& jif{ k'/fgf] /fhtGq ePsf] k|i6 kfg'{eof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} dlxnf g]t[ Pj+ n]lvsf d'Qmf >]i7n] af/Daf/ /fhtGqn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsfn] /fhtGqsf] cGTo ug]{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . /fhtGq ePsf d'n'sdf dlxnfx?n] :jtGqtf / ;dfgtf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] atfpFb} u0ftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf h'6\g dlxnfx?nfO{ cfu|x ug'eof] .
sfo{qmddf rlr{t slj ch'{g k/fh'nLn] …;q ;fn efu b'O{Ú …To;}n] d dlGqd08ndf kl/g==Únufotsf sljtfx? ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] eg] csf]{ ;flxTosf/ cfx'ltn] …d}n] 3fF; vfOg dfNbfO{Ú zLif{ssf] sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o:t} sljx? lu/L/fh zdf{n] …3fd / dgÚ, z/b Ct'n] …hgtfn] xfg{ hfg]sf 5}gg\Ú, gf/fo0f g]kfnn] …dnfO{ d'Qm rflxof]Ú sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf o"/f]k zfx / ljb"/ cfrfo{ uLt k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
gful/s ;dfh bfªsf ;+of]hs gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng kqsf/ ;'zLn uf}tdn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;dfhsf ;lrj e/t bfxfnsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 k|f/De ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;dfhsf k|jQmf 6Lsf/fd /]UdLn] wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]jfbLsf] PstkmL{ o'4lj/fdkl5

sf7df8f}+ -kLPgP_ ;]K6]Da/ $, @))%

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k|r08n] z'qmaf/ lj1lKt k|sflzt u/]/ tLgdlxg] o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]s} lbg gofF afg]Zj/df ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?n] ljzfn cfd;efsf] cfof]hgf u/] . pQm cfd;efdf df3 !( kl5 bnx?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf cGo sfo{qmdx?dfeGbf a9L hg;d'bfosf] pT;fxj4{s pkl:ylt b]lvGYof] . bnsf g]tfx?n] ToxL ljzfn cfd;efaf6} 3f]if0ff ul/xfn]-…xfdL g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ xflb{s :jfut ub{5f}+ / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ xflb{s awfO lbg rfxG5f+} .
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] kfFrf}+k6s u/]sf] o; o'4lj/fdsf] rl/q eg] ljutsf] eGbf leGg k|s[ltsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;k6ssf] o'4lj/fddf /fHokIf jf ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ug{] elgPsf] 5}g . To;}u/L ljutdf ;/sf/L ;"q;Fu cfGtl/s u[xsfo{ / ;xdlt sfod ePkl5 o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ul/GYof] eg] o;k6s ;/sf/nfO{ jf:t} gu/L o'4lj/fd ul/Psf] 5 / /fhfsf] ;/sf/;Fu ;Djfb xf]Og, ;+3if{df hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5-…xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;fdfGotM gf/fo0flx6L xTofsf08 / ljz]iftM uPsf] df3 !( kl5 ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;+u Jofks ;xsfo{ / df]rf{aGbLsf nflu ckLn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . Ú
dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu o'4lj/fd ul/Psf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;fy} ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu ubf{ /fhfnfO{ v]Ng] 7fpF x'g] ePsfn] cGtl/d ;/sf/ u7g u/L l;w} ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg'kg{] ljrf/ cufl8 ;fg'{ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfd hgtf, /fhg}lts bn, gful/s ;dfh / pBf]u Joj;foL;d]tsf] cfu|xcg';f/ o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 /fhfsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] lg/+s'z ;/sf/ eg] dfgl;s / ef}lts?kd} cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] 5 . ca ;/sf/nfO{ o'4 /f]Sg rf}tkmL{ bafj z'? ePsf] 5 . /fhfsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3df b]vfpg] slyt …cft+sjfbÚsf] Ph]08f klg e'Q] ePsf] 5 . /fhfsf] 3]/fdf aGb'ssf] andf /x]sf d'7\7Le/ JolQmx?sf] ;Qf / ;'/Iff;d]t ;+s6df k/]sf] 5 . lg+s'ztfjfbLx? hgtfsf] 3]/faGbLdf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . nf]stGqsf] ;'gf}nf] laxfgL ;lGgs6 aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 / lg/+s'z zf;sx?n] b]z} 5f8]/ efUg'kg{] of cfTd;dk{0f ug'{kg{] cj:yf cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ;ft bnx?sf] cfGbf]ng klg zlgaf/b]lv PsfPs df}nfP/ p7]sf] 5 .
Psftkm{ dfcf]jfbLn] o'4lj/fd u/]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ phf{ yk]sf 5g\ eg] csf{]tkm{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] /fhtGqsf lj?4 hfg] cu|ufdL lg0f{o u/]/ dfcf]jfbLsf] Ph]08fnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf 5g\ . ca ;+ljwfg;efdf hfgsf nflu /fhf / pgsf cf;]kf;]afx]s c? ;a} ;xdt eO;s]sf 5g\ . Pdfn], sf+u|]; nufot ;a} bnx?, gful/s ;dfh, af}l4s ju{, pBf]u Joj;foL / hgtf ;+ljwfg;ef x'Fb} u0ftGq;Dd hfgsf nflu tof/ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] o'4lj/fdkl5 d'n'sdf cfd"n kl/jt{sf] ;'gf}nf] ;+efjgf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ca of] ;'gf}nf] ls/0fnfO{ hgtfsf cfFug;Dd k'¥ofpg] lhDdf hgtfsf sfFwdf cfPsf] 5, bnx?sf sfFwdf cfPsf] 5 .
-kf]lnl6sn Go'h Ph]G;L -kLPgP_

dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08åf/f hf/L o'4lj/fd;DaGwL jQmJosf] k"0f{ kf7-

cfh g]kfn cfkm\gf] Oltxf;sf] cToGt sl7g / h6Ln df]8df 5 . cu|ufdL nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] b]znfO{ ut df3 !( sf] lg/+s'z sbdn] cem eofax ;+s6sf] e"d/Ldf wsn]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] efUo / eljiosf] km}znf cfkm} ug]{ hg;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ ;"lglZrt gx'+bf;Dd g]kfndf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Qm}g eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ulx/f] ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . oxL ljZjf;sf sf/0f xfdLn] ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Go"gtd / nf]stflGqs cfwf/ / dfWodsf?kdf k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo / ln¨Lo ;d:ofnfO{ ;d]t ;+jf]wg ug]{ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ xfdLn] ;d:ofsf] tfTsfnLg ;dfwfgsf ?kdf lnPsf] s'/f klg ;j{ljlbt} 5 .
xfd|f] kf6L{n] ;fdfGotM gf/fo0flx6L xTosf08 / ljz]iftM uPsf] df3 !( kl5 ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;+u Jofks ;xsfo{ / df]rf{aGbLsf nflu ckLn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] cjwLdf cfGbf]ng/t ;ft /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;+u xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;sf/fTds cGt{lqmof klg cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . xfn} k|d'v ;+;bjfbL bn Pdfn]åf/f lnOPsf] ;+ljwfg-;efaf/] lg0f{o / g]=sf=sf] dxflwj]zgåf/f lnOPsf] kf6L{ ljwfgaf6 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x6fpg] lg0f{on] ;xsfo{sf nflu /fhg}lts cfwf/ cem alnof] ag]sf] dxz'; xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}+ . ljutdf h:tf] ;fdGtL b/jf/sf u'lnof uf]nLsf l;sf/ cfkm"x? x'g] 5}gf}+ eGg] s'/f hgtfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg eg] ;+;bjfbL bnsf g]tfx?n] w]/} d]xgt ug{ af+sL 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;+;b k"g{:yfkgfsf] gf/fn] b]zdf ljBdfg jf:tljs ;d:ofnfO{ ;+jf]wg klg ug{ g;Sg] / ;fdGtL b/jf/nfO{ if8oGqsf] 7fp+dfq lbg] oyfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ l;w} cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgdf cfpg xfdL ;ft /fhg}lts bnnfO{ ljz]if cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
xfd|f] kf6L{, @!cf}+ ztfAbLsf dxfg\ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ s'g} ;fdGtL …k|e'Ú sf /}tL jf k|hfsf ?kdf / s'g} ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|sf bnfnsf ?kdf xf]Og clkt' ;fj{ef}d clwsf/;DkGg :jfledfgL hgtfsf ?kdf :yflkt ug{ rfxG5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf cfwf/e"t lxt / zflGtsf] rfxgf k|ltsf] xfd|f] lhDd]jf/Laf]w / k|lta4tfsf sf/0f g} ljut $ jif{b]lv xfdLn] cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] k|Zgdf ljz]if hf]8 lb+b} cfPsf 5f}+ . zfxL ;]gfsf hg/nx? / ltgsf gfOs] ;fdGtL /fhfn] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfk|lt lgtfGt qm'/ ag]/ kmf}hL clwsfosjfb yf]kg]{ b'Zzfx; u/]sfn] g} xfdLn] jfWotfj; To;sf] kmf}hL k|lt/f]w ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ /fd|f];+u yfxf 5 ls g]kfnL hgtf dWoo'uLg ;fdGtjfbsf cufl8 cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ d'bf{ zflGt xf]Og nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts lgsf;;lxtsf] ;hLj zflGt rfxG5g\ . xfdL of] tYodf klg :ki6 5f}+ ls ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3b]lv k|d'v l5d]sL / l;+uf] cGt{/fli6"o ;d'bfo;Dd g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf/] cf-cfkmg} sf]0faf6 lrlGtt / ;d:ofsf] cf-cfkm\g} ;dfwfg k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fdGtL kmf}hL clwgfosjfbsf lj?4sf] xfd|f] k|lt/f]wsf sltko sfo{x?af6 xfd|f] /fhg}lts k|lta4tfaf/] s}of}+df cfz+sf /x]sf] s'/fdf klg xfdL cgle1 5}gf}+ . To;k|sf/sf] cfz+sf x6fO cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf lgldQ ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] kxn klg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .
of] ;du| l:yltdf g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xL /fhg}lts lgsf; lbg] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L eg] g]kfns} /fhg}lts zlQmx?sf] x'g cfpF5 . g]kfnnfO{ c;kmn /fi6" 3f]if0ff u/]/ o;sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ if8oGq st}af6 ePsf] 5}g jf x'+b}g eGg] ;f]Rg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . ctM g]kfnL hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts lgsf; / zflGtsf] cfs+Iffk|lt ulx/f] lhDd]jf/Laf]w / xfd|f] cfGbf]ngaf/] sltko j[tdf /x]sf] cfz+sf d]6fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy xfd|f] kf6L{, of] jQmJo ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ldltb]lv tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 PskIfLo o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 . ;f] cjlwe/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf b'Zdg cfOnfu]df dfq k|lt/f]w ug]{ ;lqmo /Iffsf] cj:yfdf /xg]5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 s'g} cfqmfds sfo{jfxL ug]{ 5}g .
xfdLnfO{ cfzf Pj+ ljZjf; 5 ls xfd|f] of] 3f]if0ffn] g]kfndf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;;lxt zflGt rfxg] b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} zlQmx?nfO{ gof+ kxnsf nflu pTk|]l/t ug]{5 . b]zleqsf /fhg}lts zlQmb]lv ;+o'Qm /fi6" ;+3;Dd ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f aGg] s'/fdf klg xfdL cfzfjfbL 5f}+ .
b]z, hgtf / /fhg}lts lgsf;k|ltsf] xfd|f] of] lhDd]jf/Laf]wnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fg]/ zfxL ;/sf/n] olb kmf}hL s[ofsnfk a9fpg], ;}lgs SofDk lj:tf/ ug]{ h:tf sfo{ u/]df s'g} klg ljGb'df o'4lj/fd e+u u/L p;sf lj?4 cem pRr :t/af6 cfqmd0f a9fOg] s'/f klg xfdL oxf+ :ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ .
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cWoIf g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_
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Pdfn]n] dxf;lra k|0ffnL vf/]h ug]{

sf7df8f}+ -kLPgP_

g]skf -Pdfn]_ n] kf6L{sf] k|hftfGqLs/0fsf nflu dxf;lrjLo k|0ffnLnfO{ vf/]h u/]/ cWoIffTds k|0ffnL ckgfpg] ePsf] 5 . cfufdL dxflwj]zgb]lv kf6L{df cWoIf, pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] g]tfx?df cfGtl/s ;xdlt ePsf] Pdfn] ;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .
dxfdGqL k|0ffnLd} ;+u7g ub}{ cfPsf g]skf -dfn]_ / g]skf dfS;{jfbLaLr kf6L{ Pstf ePkl5 g]skf Pdfn]n] cWoIf / dxfdGqL b'a} kbx?sf] k|lt:yfkg u/]sf] lyof] / :juL{o dgdf]xg clwsf/L / dbg e08f/LnfO{ qmdzM cWoIf / dxf;lrj agfPsf] lyof] . t/, dgdf]xg clwsf/Lsf] d[To'kZrft\ Pdfn]n] cWoIf kb x6fPsf] lyof] eg] dbge08f/Lsf] d[To'kZrft nuftf/ dfwjs'df/ g]kfn dxf;lrj /xFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 .
xfn} ;DkGg gjf}+ s]Gb|Lo a}7ssf qmddf Pdfn]leq cWoIffTds k|0ffnLdf hfg] cfGtl/s ;xdlt ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] xfn}sf] :yfoL ;ldlt a}7sdf cfufdL dxflwj]zgb]lv cfkm" dxf;lrj gaGg] cfZjf;g klg lbg'ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . t/, cWoIffTds k|0ffnLdf uPkl5 pxfF cWoIfrfFlx aGg' x'g] jf gx'g] yfxf ePsf] 5}g .
o;}aLr k|fKt csf]{ ;dfrf/cg';f/ g]skf Pdfn] :yfoL ;ldtLsf;b:o d's'Gb Gof}kfg] / ;+u7g ljefu k|d'v lji0f' kf}8]nn] xfn} ;DkGg :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sdf /fhLgfdf k]z u/]sf 5g\ . t/, b'a}sf] /fhLgfdf :jLs[t eg] ePsf] 5}g . ;fpg #! ut]b]lv k|f/De eO{ efb| !@ ;Dd rn]sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sn] /fhtGq, nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;+ljwfg;ef, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf, kf6L{sf] k|hftfGqLs/0f cfufdL dxflwj]zg / hgcfGbf]ng h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] / ;+ljwfg;ef xF'b} nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . Pdfn]leqsf kZrufdL eg]/ lrlgg] Gof}kfg] / kf}8]nn] kf6L{sf]] of] cu|ufdL lg0f{ok|lt uDeL/ c;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ / ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ 5f8]/ u0ftGqtkm{ hfg gx'g] wf/sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] /fhLgfdf oxL c;Gt'li6sf sf/0f cfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
kf]lnl6sn Go'h Ph]G;L -kLPgP_

dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd k"jf{~rndf

emfkf-kLPgP_
g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn_ sf e"ldut dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd l;+x d]rL-sf]zLdf cfkm\gf sfo{stf{;Fusf] e]63f6df Jo:t /xg'ePsf] 5 . kf6L{leq cfkm\gf kIfsf sfo{stf{x?;Fu cfGtl/s e]63f6 / uf]Ko e]nf ub}{ lx+8\g'ePsf l;+x kl5Nnf] ;dodf k"j{sf sfo{stf{x? cfkm\gf] v]dfaf6 ljslif{t ePsf] xNnf rn]kl5 oxfF cfpg'ePsf] xf] .
s;nfO{ s] wGbf, 3/ HjfOFnfO{ vfgsf] wGbf eg]h:tf] ePsf] 5, pxfFnfO{ oltv]/ . pxfF kf6L{sf] l;+uf] dxfdGqL aGg ;ls/xg'ePsf] 5}g . kf6L{leq # j6f wf/x? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . ;xdxfdGqL k|sfzsf] wf/, k"j{d;fn ;d"xsf] t];|f] wf/ / dxfdGqL l;+xsf] cNkdtsf] wf/ kf6L{leq b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . dxfdGqL l;+xn] kf6L{ km'6fpg] s;/t ul//x]sf] cf/f]k klg nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df pxfFsf] of] uf]Ko e|d0fnfO{ kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s sfo{qmdsf cltl/Qm cfkm\gf u'6sf dfG5];Fusf] e]63f6sf ?kdf klg x]l/Psf] 5 .
l;+xn] k"j{ e|d0fsf qmddf cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf eg]/ lrlgPsf sdn rf}w/L, s]aL km'bf]Ë, ;'/]Gb| e08f/L, cf]d >lds, bLkf l;6f}nf, a|ts'df/ /fO{, of]u]Gb| 9sfn, pbo /fO{, uug k'/L, nfnaxfb'/ g]kfnLnufotnfO{ e]6\g] of]hgf agfPsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . pNn]lvt JolQmdWo] clwsf+zn] cfkm\gf] e"ldsfk|lt cfz+sf ug{ yfn]kl5 l;+xn] pgLx?nfO{ e]6\g] sfo{qmd agfPsf x'g\ . o;qmddf dxfdGqL l;+xn] bdsl:yt cfkm\gf sfo{stf{ uug k'/Lsf] 3/}df k'Ug] sfo{qmd agfPsf 5g\ . k'/Ln] eg] o; cl3 g} hgPstf ;fKtflxsdf cGt/jf{tf{ lb+b} l;+xsf] Pstflj/f]wL lqmofsnfksf] lgGbf ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
:d/0f /xf];\ d'n's u0ftGqtkm{ pGd'v x'Fb} uO/x]sf a]nf xfFs ;fKtflxsdf n]v k|sflzt u/]/ ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf kIfdf jsfnt ug{ yfn]sf l;+xn] ;ft bnaf6 hgdf]rf{ g]kfnnfO{ lkmtf{ af]nfpg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} dfcf]jfbL lj?4 b]zJofkL e08fkmf]/ ug{ lrqaxfb'/ s];Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf cnUu} s]Gb|Lo ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf 5g\ .
;|f]t M kf]lnl6sn Go'h Ph]G;L -kLPgP_

e"ldut dfcf]jfbLåf/f PskIfLo o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff

pbo hLPd
bfª, cu:6 # @))%

;z:q ;+3if{ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] e"ldut g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n] cfh}sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]u/L PstkmL{ o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
pQm kf6L{sf cWoIf k|r08åf/f cu:6 # tfl/vsf lbg hf/L ul/Psf] k|]; lj1lKtdf g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xL /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L g]kfns} /fhgLlts zlQmx?sf] x'g cfpF5 eGb} g]kfnnfO{ c;kmn /fi6" 3f]if0ff u/]/ o;sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg]{ if8oGq eO/x]sfn] PskIfLo o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
…g]kfnL hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts lgsf; / zflGtsf] cfsf+Iffk|lt ulx/f] lhDd]jf/Laf]w / xfd|f] cfGbf]ngaf/] sltko j[Qdf /x]sf] cfz+sf d]6fpg] p2]Zosf ;fy xfd|f] kf6L{, of] jQmJo ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ldltb]lv tLg dlxgf;Ddsf nflu cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 PskIfLo o'4lj/fdsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5Ú- lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5- …;f] cjlwe/ xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf b'Zdg cfOnfu]df dfq k|lt/f]w ug]{ ;lqmo /Iffsf] cj:yfdf /xg]5 . hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 s'g} cfqmfds sfo{jfxL ug]{ 5}g .Ú of] 3f]if0ffn] g]kfndf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;;lxt zflGt rfxg] b]zleq / aflx/sf ;a} zlQmx?nfO{ gofF kxnsf nflu pTk]|l/t ug]{ cfzf lj1lKtdf ul/Psf] 5 . …b]zleqsf /fhg}lts zlQmb]lv ;+o'Qm /fi6";+3;Dd ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f aGg] s'/fdf klg xfdL cfzfjfbL 5f}+Ú- cWoIf k|r08sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
b]z, hgtf / /fhg}lts lgsf;k|lt lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ ul/Psf] of] PstkmL{ o'4lj/fdnfO{ sdhf]/L 7fg]/ ;/sf/n] kmf}hL lqmofsnfk a9fpg], ;}lgs SofDk lj:tf/ ug]{ h:tf sfo{ u/]df s'g} klg ljGb'df o'4lj/fd e+u u/L p;sf lj?4 cem pRr :t/af6 cfqmd0f a9fOg] lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 . df3 !( ut]sf] /fhfsf] sbdn] cu|ufdL, nf]stflGqs /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf] b]znfO{ cem eofjx ;+s6sf] e'd/Ldf ws]n]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5- …cfˆgf] efUo / eljiosf] km};nf cfkm} ug]{ hg;d'bfosf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ ;'lglZrt gx'Fbf;Dd g]kfndf ljBdfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Qm}g eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ulx/f] ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . oxL ljZjf;sf sf/0f xfdLn] ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ /fhg}lts lgsf;sf] Go"gtd / nf]stflGqs cfwf/ / dfWodsf?kdf k|:t't ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .Ú kf6L{n] gf/fo0flx6L xTosf08 / ljz]iftM uPsf] df3 !( kl5 ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqsf lj?4 ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;Fu Jofks ;xsfo{ / df]rf{aGbLsf nflu ckLn ub}{ cfPsf] rrf{ ub}{ kl5Nnf] cjlwdf cfGbf]ng/t ;ft /fhg}lts bn / gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;sf/fTds cGt{lqmof klg cufl8 al9/x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . xfn} k|d'v ;+;bjfbL bn Pdfn]åf/f lnOPsf] ;+ljwfg-;efaf/]sf] lg0f{o / g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] dxflwj]zgåf/f lnOPsf] kf6L{ ljwfgaf6 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x6fpg] lg0f{on] ;xsfo{sf nflu /fhg}lts cfwf/ cem alnof] ag]sf] cWoIf k|r08sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] gf/fn] b]zsf] jf:tljs ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sg] bfjL ub}{ lj1lKtdf oyfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft u/]/ l;w} cGtl/d ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg-;efsf] lgjf{rgdf cfpg ;ft /fhg}lts bnnfO{ ljz]if cfu|x ul/Psf] 5 .
hgtfn] cfTd;dk{0f ul/Psf] d'bf{ zflGt xf]Og nf]stflGqs /fhg}lts lgsf;;lxtsf] ;hLj zflGt rfx]sf] pNn]v ub}{ lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5- …;+o'Qm /fi6";+3b]lv k|d'v l5d]sL / l;+uf] cGt{/fli6"o ;d'bfo;Dd g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfaf/] cf-cfkmg} sf]0faf6 lrlGtt / ;d:ofsf] cf-cfkm\g} ;dfwfg k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fdGtL kmf}hL clwgfosjfbsf lj?4sf] xfd|f] k|lt/f]wsf sltko sfo{x?af6 xfd|f] /fhg}lts k|lta4tfaf/] s}of}+df cfz+sf /x]sf] s'/fdf klg xfdL cgle1 5}gf}+ . To;k|sf/sf] cfz+sf x6fO{ cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf;sf lgldQ ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] kxn klg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ .Ú

hxfF afx| xhf/ sGof k'lhP

eLd uf}td
sfe|]knf~rf]s ;]K6]Da/ @, @))%

ag]kf÷sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfl:yt ag]kfsf] nfos'b/af/b]lv lqe'jgrf]s;Ddsf] ;8ssf] bfofFafof sGofx?n] el/e/fp lyof] . ef]nvf6f]n, :jwf6f]n, js'6f]n, bIf'6f]n nufotsf k]6L k]6Ldf sGofx?n] cf;g hdfPsf lyP . s]lx bftfx? xftdf rsn]6, ljleGg k|sf/sf ;'xf/L, kmnkm"nx? lnP/ k"hfcfhf ug{df Jo:t lyP . ag]kfsf] nflu of] gf}nf] xf]Og . x/]s aif{ >Ls[i0ffi6dLsf] lbg o;}u/L sGofx? k'lhG5g\ / Tof] sGof k'hfdf xhf/f}+sf] eL8 nfU5 .
sGofx?nfO{ k"h]df k"lhg] sGofx? / k"Hg]x? klg lg/f]uL x'g] ljZjf;sf ;fy ! ;o $ aif{b]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] sGof k'hfdf o; aif{ z'qmaf/ ( xhf/ sGofx? k'lhP . ag]kfsf Ps g]jf/ hfltsf JolQmn] sGof k'hf u/L OlR5t kmn k|fKt u/]kl5 ;'? ePkl5 emfFlub} Ps aif{ g3fPsf] ;f] sGof k'hfdf /h:jnf gePsf / a]n ljjfx gu/]sf sGofx? k'hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 .
sfe|]sf] cnfjf eQmk'/, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf nufotsf lhNnfsf bz{gfyL{x?sf] eL8 nfu]sf] ;f] k"hfdf lwd], afF;'/L nufotsf g]jf/L jfhfx? ahfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . ;gftg sGof k'hf k|aGw ;ldlt4f/f ;~rfng x'g] ;f] sGof k'hfnfO{ ljz]if kj{sf] ?kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . k|aGw ;ldltsf cWoIf dl0f/fh sfo:yn] ;/sf/;Fu sGof k'hfnfO{ k'/fQflTjs dfGotf lbg'kg]{ dfu ug'{eof] . Ps ;o aif{eGbf w]/} rn]kl5 ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ k'/fQflTjs dfGotf lbg'k5{, cWoIf sfo:yn] eGg'eof] .
To;}u/L a'waf/ ag]kfd} cfof]lht l6s6 k|yfsf] cfwfl/t sGof k"hfdf # xhf/ sGof k"lhPsf] bIf'6f]n sGof k'hf ;ldltsf cWoIf 8f= ;'/]Gb|axfb'/ jfb] >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ;f] sGof k'hf ljut ^! aif{b]lv ag]kfdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L ljut ^ aif{b]lv wg]Zj/sf] dlGb/df ;~rfng x'b} cfPsf] sGof k"hfdf * ;o *% sGofx? k"lhP .

dfu]sf] /sd k"hfnfO{
ljut s]lx aif{b]lv cfkm"n] ag]kf, hgfufn / cf;kf;sf If]qdf eLIff dfu]/ ;+slnt /sd sGof k"hfnfO{ bfg lbb} cfPsL lji0f' jgn] o; aif{ klg ! xhf/ # ;o %) ?k}ofF ;xof]u ul/g .
(! aifL{of jg sGof k"hfdf ;xefuL geP klg ;f] /sd eg] pgn] sGof k"hf k|aGw ;ldltnfO{ lbPsL lyOg .

sf+u|];n] cfˆgf] sfFr'nL km]g{ afWo ePsf] xf]======

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ cu:6 #), @))%

sf7df8f}+, !$ ebf} . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhfn] sfFr'nL km]/]sf] x'gfn] kl/l:yltcg';f/ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ljwfgaf6 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x6fPsf] :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] 5 .
sf+u|];sf] P3f/f}+ dxflwj]zgsf] d+unjf/ nlntk'/sf] hfpnfv]n v]n d}bfgdf pb\3f6g ub}{ sf]O/fnfn] ;f] s'/f atfpg'ePsf] xf] . sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;f]djf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] ljwfgsf] p2]Zoaf6 ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ sf]O/fnfn] eGg'eof]- …/fhfaf6 lg/+s'z sfFr'nL km]l/of], sf+u|];n] klg cfˆgf] sfFr'nL km]g{ afWo ePsf] xf] .Ú pxfFn] ;+ljwfgnfO{ lqmofzLn agfP/ dfq /fli6"o Pstf / d]nldnfk x'g] atfpFb} ;+ljwfg lqmofzLn geP;Dd ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f aGg g;Sg] atfpg'eof] .
sf]O/fnfn] ;+;bsf] ;af]{Rrtf eGbf dfly sf]xL /xg g;Sg] pNn]v ub}{ hgtfeGbf dfly s'g} tGq /xg g;Sg] atfpg'eof] . jt{dfg kl/l:yt u0ftGqsf] af]8{/nfOgdf plePsf] bfjL ;d]t ug'{eof] . …ca hgtfn] h] ug{ rfxG5g\ ToxL x'G5Ú- pxfFsf] syg lyof] .
sf]O/fnfn] sf+u|];sf] Oltxf;df lgs} ptf/r9fj cfO/x]sf] x'gfn] ljwfgaf6 /fhtGq x6fOPsf] s'/f gf}nf] gePsf] atfpg'eof] . …g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{ cfˆgf] ljwfg km]g]{ clwsf/ 5Ú- pxfFn] :ki6 kfg'{'eof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf sf]O/fnfn] jt{dfg åGå ;fdGtL o'u / cfw'lgs o'ujLrsf] ePsf] atfpFb} hgtf / /fhgLlts kf6L{x? cfw'lgs o'usf] kIfdf ePsf] pNn]v ug'{eof] . …;fdGtL o'unfO{ k/flht ug{ ;+3if{nfO{ tLa| kfg'{k5{Ú- pxfFsf] syg lyof] .
dxflwj]zgsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lb+b} g]skf Pdfn] dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] a]nfa]nfdf df}sf 5f]k]/ /fhfn] clwsf/ vf]Hb} uPsf x'gfn] Pdfn] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7sn] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9\g] lg0f{o u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] k/Dk/fut lrGtg / oyfl:yltaf6 d'Qm eP/ d'n'snfO{ cu|udgaf6 ;dfj]zL / k"0f{ k|hftGqlt/ cl3 a9\g sf+u|];nfO{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] .
k|hftflGqs sf+u|];sf uf]kfndfg >]i7n] v'§f sdfP/ xf]Og b/f] agfP/ clx+;fTds hgcfGbf]ngdf pqg'afx]s csf]{ ljsNk gePsf] atfpg'eof] eg] hgzlQm kf6L{sf cWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfn] ;/sf/n] sf+u|]; clwj]zgsf] nflu cGt/f{li6"o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| glbPsf]df eT;{gf ug'{eof] . csf{ jQmf hgdf]rf{sf cWoIf clds z]/rgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjaf6 nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3 hfg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] eg] g]kfn dhb"/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]n] sf+u|];n] kl/jt{gsf/L kf6L{sf] ?kdf cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] .
pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf jfddf]rf{ cWoIf ;L=kL= d}gfnL, /fk|kfsf g]tf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb, ;b\efjgf -cfgGbLb]jL_ sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf e/tljdn ofbjn] klg dxflwj]zgsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ef/tLo g]tfx?åf/f nf]stGqsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g

sf+u|]; dxflwj]zg pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf cltlysf] ?kdf af]Nb} ef/tLo g]tfx?n] ;ft kf6L{n] ;~rfng u/]sf] nf]stGqsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ub}{ cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
ef/tLo sf+u|]; -cfO{_ sf ;b:o clgn zf:qLn] nf]stGqsf] cfGbf]ng ufx|f] eP klg ;kmn x'g] atfpg'eof] . …ef/t g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] kIfdf 5Ú- csf{ jQmf /fli6"o sf+u|];sf /d]z bLlIftn] nf]stGqsf] n8fOF nfdf] eP klg hLt x'g] atfpg'eof] . …To:tf] cfGbf]ng hgtfsf] kIfdf 5Ú- pxfFn] eGg'eof] . ef/tLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfS;{jfbLsf af;'b]j cfrfo{n] hgtf hfu] ;fdGtL Joj:yf sdhf]/ x'g] atfpFb} ;ft kf6L{sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dy{g ug'{eof] .
dxflwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] zflGtsf k|tLs !! j6f k/]jf p8fP/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf sf+u|]; ljb]z ljefu k|d'v rqmk|;fb af:tf]nfn] ef/tLo k"j{ k|wfgdGqL rGb|z]v/, cfO{=kL= u'h/fn, a]nfotsf k|wfgdGqL 6f]gL An]o/, gj]{lhog n]j/ kf6L{, k|mfG;sf] ;f];lni6 kf6L{nufotsf b]zsf kf6L{x?n] dxflwj]zgsf] df}sfdf k7fPsf z'esfdgfkq k9]/ ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
sf+u|];sf] aGb;q a'wjf/ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf z'? x'g] ePsf] 5 . pDd]bjf/L btf{ / clGtd gfdfjnL k|sfzg klg a'wjf/ g} x'g] sf+u|];n] hgfPsf] 5 .

…;+ljwfg;efdf k'Ug] af6f] cfGbf]ngdfq} xf]Ú

sf7df8f+} -kLPgP_ cu:6 @(, @))%

;ft /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cfGbf]ng nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cl3 j9\g nflu/x]sf] / o;sf nflu dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{ x'g] rrf{ rln/x]s} cj:yfdf clxn] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf x'g] rrf{ rNg yfn]sf] 5 . ljxLaf/b]lv ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf;DaGwL d'2fsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ lgj]bg pk/ cWoog k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPkl5 ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] xNnf ;+efjgfsf] lbzftkm{ c? cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .
Pdfn]-b]pjf ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ aGg' cl3b]lv g} g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu u/]sf] lyof] eg] Pdfn]n] ;j{bnLo ;/sf/sf] dfu /fv]sf] lyof] . t/, ;j{bnLo -b]pjf-/fk|kf-;b\efjgf-Pdfn]_ ;/sf/sf] cEof;af6 kmls{Pkl5 Pdfn]n] k|ltlglw;ef k'g{:yfkgfsf] dfudf ;xdlt hgfO;s]sf] 5 . hgdf]rf{ / p;sf] dfp kf6L{ Pstfs]Gb|-d;fnn] klg ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ ;sf/fTds sbd dfGg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf 5g\ . of] a]nfdf ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] lg0f{o ePdf ;ft bnsf] cfGbf]ng :ylut x'g] / ;8s 5f8]/ bnx? ;/sf/ agfpgtkm{ bf}8g] lglZrt 5 .
s] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfn] d'n'ssf] jt{dfg /fhg}lts ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb5 < o; ljifodf dfgjclwsf/jfbL g]tf tyf /fhgLlts ljZn]ifs s[i0f kxf8L eGg'x'G5-… ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfZjf;gdf lu/Lhf afa' km:b} x'g'x'G5 . Ps t olt ;lhn} /fhfn] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf ub}{ ub}{gg\, ul/xfn] eg] klg )%@ ;fnsf] eGbf km/s l:ylt x'Fb}g .Ú
kxf8Lsf] b[li6sf]0fdf ;+;b k'g:yf{kgf e}xfNof] eg] klg b/af/n] lul/hf afa'nfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg lb+b}g . )%@ ;fnkl5sf] ;Qfsf] n'F5fr'F8Lsf] l:ylt k}bf x'G5 . /fhfsf] glhssf dfG5] jf bnnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] v]n z'? x'G5, kf6L{x? ;/sf/df hfg]af/]df åGådf km:5g\ / of] k|of]u klg c;kmn eof] eGb} km]l/ lg/+s['z zf;gs} cEof; ;'? x'G5 . /fhfaf6 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ s;}dfkm{t ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] cfZjf;g k'¥ofOPsf] x'g;Sg] cfz+sfsf ;DaGwdf kxf8Lsf] syg 5- …d]/f] ljrf/df lul/hf afa' km:g' ef] .Ú
;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdfkm{t nf]stflGqs u0ftGqtkm{ hfg] s'/fnfO{ k'g:yflk{t ;+;bn] k"/f ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] cljZjf; klg pxfF JoQm ug'{x'G5 . …;+;b 6]lSgsNnL ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg} ;Sb}g .Ú kxf8Ln] eGg'eof] .
lxhf] cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf j]nf Pdfn]n] ;/sf/df uP/ sfFu|];nfO{ PSNofPsf] lyof] eg] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] lg0f{o ePdf sfFu|];n] Pdfn]nufotsf jfdk+yLx?nfO{ PSNofpg] ;+efjgf a9]sf] 5 . lsgeg], Pdfn]sf] a}7sn] cfkm" nf]stflGqs u0ftGqtkm{ pGd'v x'g] hgfp lbO;s]sf] 5 . …Pdfn]n] lg/+s['z /fhtGqsf] cGTo u/f}+, ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf u/f}+ .Ú eGg] d"n gf/f to u/]sf] 5 .
;+;b k'g:yf{kgfkl5 aGg] kfln{ofd]06n] ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd hfg] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sb5 < To;f] ug{ ;s]g eg] k|ltlglw;ef k'g:yf{kgf eP/dfq} s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g . a? of] lg0f{on] ubf{ bnx? cfGbf]ng 5f8]/ ;bgdf k'U5g\ / km:5g\ . /fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx? s] eG5g\ eg] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfaf6 xf]Og, hgcfGbf]ngsf] bafjaf6 dfq} ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 .
k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{gfsf kIfkftL tyf ;efd'v tf/fgfy /fgfef6;d]t bnx?sf] k|j[lQdf ;'wf/ cfPg eg] km]l/ klg ;+;b cj?4 x'g] / rNg g;Sg] atfpg'x'G5 .
gful/s ;dfhn] oltv]/ nf]stflGqs u0ftGqtkm{ cufl8 a9\g bnx?nfO{ cfu|x ul/x]sf 5g\ . bnx? eg] ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ g} ;fWo 7fg]/ cfGbf]ngaf6 kl5 x6\g] ;Defjgf a9]/ uO/x]sf] 5 .

Pdfn] u0ftGqlt/, d;fn ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqlt/

sf7df8f}+ -kLPgP_ cu:6 @(, @))%

oltv]/ xfd|f] jfdkGyL cfGbf]ngsf b'Oj6f w'|jx?n] crDd;Fun] cfkm\gf] df]xf]8f kl/jt{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . tL x'g\ Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn / g]skf Pdfn] . blIf0fkGyL elgPsf] Pdfn]n] xfn}sf] a}7saf6 nf]stlGqs u0ftGqtkm{ hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 eg] Pstfs]Gb|- d;fnsf dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd l;+x / lrqaxfb'/ s];Ln] ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ k|ultzLn sbd atfPsf 5g\ .
ut a'waf/ k|sflzt xfFs ;fKtflxsdf dxfdGqL df]xgljqmd l;+xn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ k~rfotsfndf klg cfkm"n] lg/+s'z /fhtGqeGbf k|ultzLn eg]sf] k|z+u sf]6\ofpFb} clxn] klg To;}nfO{ ;xL sbd dfGg' ePsf] 5 . hgtf / gful/s ;dfhn] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 klg cufl8 a9]/ u0ftGqsf] gf/f ;dfO;s]sf a]nfdf ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqsf] km]/ ;dfP/ l;+xn] cfkmnfO{ Pdfn]eGbf klg bfofFlt/ nu]/ lul/hfs} ;fydf pEofpg'ePsf] 5 .
ptf a'waf/ c;gdf dfcf]jfbLsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{] sfo{qddf af]Nb} kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o lrqaxfb'/ s];Ln] klxn] ;+a}wflgs /fhtGq :yfkgf x'g'k5{ clgdfq} u0ftGqdf hfg'k5{ eGg'eof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpFb} cfPsf] hgdf]rf{sf] dfp kf6L{sf g]tf s];Ln] k|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf / k|hftflGqs ;/sf/ u7g clxn]sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] .
ptf g]skf Pdfn]n] eg] …lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cgTo u/f}+, ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t k"0f{ k|hftGqsf] :yfkgf u/f}+Ú eGg] d"n gf/f to u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ Pssbd cufl8 pEofPsf] 5 . ;fy} Pdfn]n] cfkm" nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;Dd hfgsf nflu tof/ ePsf] atfPsf] 5 . t/, dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{] ljifodf eg] Pdfn]n] vf;} OR5f b]vfPsf] 5}g .

sf+u|];df lul/hfnfO{ lglj{/f]w u/fpg] v]n z'?

sf7df8f}+ -kLPgP_ cu:6 @(, @))%

g]kfnL sf+u]|;sf] dxflwj]zg z'? x'g] a]nf;Dd cfOk'Ubf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ g} k'gM ;efkltdf lglj{/f]w u/fpg] v]n z'? x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
k"j{ljBfyL{ g]tf uug yfkf;lxt #^ hgf o'jf ljBfyL{x?n] zlgaf/ cfof]hgf u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf clwsf+z o'jfx?n] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ kf6L{sf] Ph]08f agfP/ lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf g} g]t[Tjdf cfpg' kg{] ljrf/ JoQm u/] . kf6L{ lhNnf ;efkltx?nfO{ e]6]/ lul/hfn] g]t[TjnfO{ ;j{;Ddt u/fpg lgb{]zg lbg yfn]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
cfkm"nfO{ dWodfuL{ atfpg] z}nhfn] ul/hf;Fu r'gfj gn8\g] atfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 eg] cGo k|Tof;Lsf ?kdf gfd cfPsf g/x/L cfrfo{ / /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] klg clGtddf cfP/ sf]O/fnf;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{] cg'dfg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
kl/jt{gsfdL wf/sf k|ltlglw dflgPsf g/x/L cfrfo{n] ;Demf}tf u/]gg\ eg] klg dWodfuL{ wf/sf /fdrGb|n] lul/hf;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{] ;+efjgf 5 . o:tf] ePdf g/x/Lsf] cu'jf wf/n] sf+u|];leq ljho kfpg] ;+efjgf 6/]/ hfg] lglZlrt 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfrfo{n] ;Demf}tf u5{g\ of r'gfj n8\5g\, Tof] eg] x]g{ afFsL g} 5 . r'gfj xf/] klg cfrf{o k/Dk/fadf]lhd s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf dgf]lgt x'g ;Sg] 5g\ .
oltv]/ sf]O/fnf / pgsf cg'ofoLx?n] lul/hfnfO{ ;3fp, kl5 ltdLnfO{ pxfF s]Gb|df tfGg'x'G5 eg]/ wdfwd kmsfO/x]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 . ptf lul/hfk'qL ;'hftf sf]O/fnf eg] tLglbg cl3b]lv g} ;fg]kfdf lbpF;f]-lbpF;f] uP/ cfkm\g} nflu ef]6 dflu/x]sL 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf ;a}eGbf a9L ef]6 NofP/ lhT5' eGb} bfaf ul//x]sL ;'hftfnfO{ o;k6s sfo{stf{n] x/fpg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] sf+u|]; ;"qn] atfof] . ;'hftfnfO{ sf+u|];leq kl/jf/jfb nfb\g] / e|i6frf/ ug{] JolQmsf ?kdf w]/}n] lng] ub{5g\ .
kf]lnl6sn Go'h Ph]G;L -kLPgP_ jif{ ! c+s ! cu:6 @*, @))% af6

6+s 9sfnsf] t'R5 cleJolQmk|lt v]b

g]kfnLkf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8f}+ cu:6 @&, @))%

oxL ebf} % ut] sflGtk'/ /fli6"o b}lgsdf k|sflzt jfT;fogsf] sf6'{gnfO{ lnP/ ;/sf/sf k|jQmf 6+s 9sfnn] ljxLaf/ JoQm u/]sf] k|ltlqmof / pQm sf6'{gsf ljifodf ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWoodf lgoldt h;f] jif{g yfn]sf k|]; :jtGqtf lj/f]wL xs{tx?sf ljifodf kf]lnl6sn Go'h Ph]G;Lsf tkm{af6 ;+of]hs c?0f a/fnn] Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ ;/sf/L x/stsf] lj/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .
s]xL lbgotf k|d'v ;/sf/L b}lgs klqsfdf ljz]if dxTjsf ;fy /+uLg sn]j/df lgof]lht 9+uaf6 k|]; :jtGqtflj?4 cgu{n ;dfrf/ / l6Kk0fLx? 5flkg yfn]sf 5g\ . /, dGqL 9sfnn] sflGtk'/nfO{ sfjf{xL ug]{ h:tf] t'R5 cleJolQm;d]t ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] eGb} zfxL ;/sf/sf] o:tf] lg/+s'z x/st s'g} klg k|hftGqk|]dL kqsf/x?sf nflu ;}x\o gx'g] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
cu:6 @^, @))% df k|]l;t lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, …cd]l/sfdf klg o:tf] sf6'{g 5fKg]nfO{ /fHob|f]xsf] ;hfo lbOg] u/]sf]Ú h:tf] xfF:of:kb cleJolQm ;/sf/L b}lgs klqsfdf 5flkPsf] 5 . cd]l/sf To:tf] b]z xf], h;n] cfkm\gf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} /fhtGqsf] cg'xf/ b]v]g / ;'?b]lv g} u0ftGqsf] cEof; u¥of] . cd]l/sfdf o:tf] sf6'{g 5fKg gkfOg] xf]Og, 5fKg] cfjZostf g} gk/]sf] tYonfO{ ;a} g]kfnLn] a'em\g cfjZos 5 . j]nfot / cd]l/sfsf] sfg'gsf] b'xfO lbP/ xfd|f] k|]; :jtGqtfdfly x:tIf]k ug]{ ;/sf/åf/f b':k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . zfxL ;/sf/sf dGqLx?n] k|];nfO{ cg'zf;gsf] kf7 l;sfO/x]sf 5g\, hjsL pgLx? cfkm}+ cg'zf;g / sfg"g aflx/ /x]/ zf;g ul//x]sf 5g\ . pkfWoIf s'g sfg"gn] agfPsf] xf] < jt{dfg ;/sf/ s'g sfg"gn] u7g u/]sf] xf] / of] ;/sf/n] k|];dfly bdg ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] 5 <
hxfF;Dd sflGtk'/df k|sflzt sf6'{g 5, To;n] d'n'ssf] jt{dfg /fhgLlt cj:yfsf] ;hLj lrq ptf/]sf] 5 . ;+a}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f]df nu]/ xfn]sf] /fhfjfbLx?n] g} xf] . ;a}wflgs /fhtGq, ax'bnLo k|hftGq / o;sf] b:tfj]h -)$& sf] ;+ljwfg_ nfO{ oltv]/ /fhfjfbLx?n] g} s06]g/df nu]/ y'kf/]sf 5g\ . ToxL s06]g/af6 lul/hfn] ;a}wflgs /fhtGqnfO{ sfFwdf p7fP/ p4f/ ug'{ s;/L /fhb|f]x x'g ;Sb5 < /fhfjfbLn] cfkm}+ 8:jLgdf xfln;s]sf] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] ljsNkdf u0ftGqs} dfu ug'{ klg k|hftflGqs clwsf/ leq} kg{] x'Fbf sflGtk'/sf] sf6'{gnfO{ s;/L /fhb|f]x dfGg ;lsG5 <
oxL sf6'{gnfO{ lgx'F agfP/ ;/sf/n] k|]; :jtGqtfsf] 3fF6L lgdf]7\g] k|of; ub{5 eg] ;a} kqsf/x? P]Soj4 eP/ To;sf] k|lt/f]w ug'{+kb{5 . /, o:tf] ;/sf/L b':;fx;n] p;}nfO{ 3f6f k'¥ofpg] 5, . g]kfnL k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cfGbf]ngdf Ps gsf/fTds kfqsf ?kdf ;+rf/dGqL 6+s 9sfnsf] gfd o'u o'u;Dd btf{ x'g]5 .

sflGtk'/df k|sflzt sf6'{g

/fhfsf] sbdsf] ;dy{g gug]{ ;+jfbbftf km]l/P

xl/x/l;+x /f7f}/
b}n]v cu:6 @$, @))%

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 lhNnf tby{ ;ldlt;Fu cfj4 /x]/ ;/sf/L ;+rf/ dfWoddf sfo{/t b'O{ hgf cg'ejL kqsf/x? x'Fbf x'Fb}+ ljgf s'g} k'j{ ;"rgf csf{ b'O{hgf ;dsIfL k7fOPsf]5 .
ljut Ps bzsb]lv /fli6"o ;dfrf/ ;ldtLdf lhNnf ;+jfbbftfsf ?kdf sfo{/t /lx @)%% ;fndf pTs[i6 ;dfrf/ n]vg k'/:sf/ ;d]t k|fKt u/]sf cd/ ;'gf/nfO{ ljgf s'g} k'j{ ;"rgf dx]Gb| v8\sf gfd u/]sf :yflgo czn zf;gdf sfo{/t JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm lbO{ k7fOPsf]5 . /f;;df sfd ug]{ ;'gf/ ;+ejt df]km;ndf sfo{/t blnt Ps dfq} x'g\ .
To;} u/L ljut ! jif{ b]lv /]l8of] g]kfnsf ;+jfbbftf ;d]t o1/fh yfkfsf] :yfgdf hut v8\sf gfd u/]sf /fk|kf sfo{stf{nfO{ /]l8of] g]kfnn] lgo'lQm lbO{ k7fPsf]5 . ut jif{ dfcf]jfbL4f/f xTof ul/Psf b}n]v lhNnf l:yt /]l8of] g]kfnsf ;+jfbbftf 8]s]Gb|/fh yfkfsf efO{ o1/fh yfkfnfO{ /]l8of] g]kfnn] ;xfg'e"lt bzf{O{ ;+jfbbftf lgo'Qm u/]sf lyof] eg] yfkfsf] kl/ro kqdf cem} P3f/ dlxgf sfd ug]{ Dofb afFsL g} /x]sf]5 .
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k'j{ ;efklt e'k]Gb| zfxL /fli6"o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf e]/L c+rn ;+of]hs eP nuQ} zfxLs} bjfjdf ;+rf/ dGqfnos} k|ToIf x:tIf]kdf x6fpg jfWo x'g' k/]sf] ;DjlGwt ;+rf/ dfWodx?n] ;'gf/ / yfkfnfO{ atfPsf 5g\ . yfkf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 lhNnf tby{ ;ldlt b}n]vsf pk;efklt x'g\ eg] ;'gf/ ;b:o x'g\ . /fhfsf] sbdnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ kqsf/x?sf] gjul7t ;+3 ;Fu cfj4 zfxLn] e]/L c+rnsf ;j} ;/sf/L ;+rf/ dfWod;Fu ;DjlGwt kqsf/x?nfO{ /fli6"o kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] lhNnf zfvf :yfkgf ug{ bjfj lbO/x]sf] eP klg kqsf/ dxf;+3;Fu cfj4 e]/L c+rnsf :yflgo kqsf/x?n] pQm s'/fsf] j]jf:tf u/]sf lyP .

x/]s ;fdfg (( df kfOg] k;n aGb x'g yfn]

/d]z l3ld/]
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g]kfnLx?n] dgf]/~hg / cfw'lgstfsf] s'/f ljb]zL k|j[ltaf6 t'?Gt} l;S5g\ . t/ w/ftn ToxL cg';f/ gx'g] ePsfn] kl5 To;NffO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sb}gg\ . clg t o:t} sf/f]af/df nufgL ug{]x? 3f6fdf k'U5g\ . ljb]zdf b]v]/ oxfF s]lx ;do klxn] (( ;o ahf/ vf]n]/ ;f}lvg ;fdfg a]Rg]x?sf] clxn] o:t} l:ylt ePsf] 5 . z'?df ljb]zdf b]v]/ Joj;foLn] o;df nufgL u/] / gofF s'/f b]Vg;fy c?n] u/]sf] b]vfl;sL ug{] g]kfnL ;dfh of] ahf/k|lt cfslif{t eof] . clxn] o;df nufgL ug{]x?sf] nufgL 8'Ag k'u]sf] 5 . o;df pgLx?n] b]zsf] kl/l:ylt b]vfP/ ahf/ v:s]sf] sf/0f b]vfpg] u/]sf] ePklg ahf/ ljZn]ifsx? Eg] o;df lrQ a'emfpb}gg\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ of] ahf/ ;'Sg'df To:tf ahf/ / To:tf ;fdfg xfd|f] ;fdflhs cfjZostf g} gx'g' d'Vo sf/0f xf], b]vfl;sLsf] sfd w]/} ;do gl6Sg' :jefljs xf] .
@)^) ;fnsf] z'?jft;Fu} sdnkf]v/Ll:yt tf]o/fh ejgdf d"No Ps ;fdfg cg]s gfdsf] (( ahf/ v'n]kl5 o;sf] gSsn ub}{ /fhwfgLsf 7fpF 7fpFdf (( ahf/ v'n] . o:tf ahf/sf] nf]slk|otf a9\b} uPkl5 /fhwfgL aflx/sf zx/x?df klg o:tf k;n k|;:t} v'n] t/, b'O{ aif{kl5 o:tf ahf/ e6fe6 aGb x'b} uPsf 5g\ . s]xL ;do klxn] sf7df8f}+sf uNnL uNnLdf b]lvg] o:tf ahf/ clxn] cf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg] ;+Vofdf dfq ;Lldt 5g\ . (( ;o ahf/df b}lgs pkef]Uoafx]s ;f}vsf a:t'nfO{ s]lGb|t ul/ k|fo M ;a} k|sf/sf a:t'x? /flvGYof] . ;fdfgsf] cfO6dcg';f/ Ps, b'O{ jf a9L ;+Vofsf] ;]6 ldnfP/ ?= ((, !((, @((, #(( nufot d'Nodf a]lrGYof] . (( ahf/df vf]h]sf] ;a} ;fdfg kfOg] / cGoqeGbf ;:tf] kfOg] ePsfn] pkef]Qfsf] cfsif{s a9]sf] lyof] . ;fdfg k|;:t laqmL x'g] ePkl5 %÷!) k|ltzt gfkmfdf ;fdfg a]Rbf klg ;+rfnsx?nfO{ gf]S;fg kb{}gYof] . cfhef]nL eg] (( ahf/sf] of] cj:yf 5}g . Knfli6s / :6Lnsf ;fdfgsf] d"No cTolws a9]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f k"/fg} d"Nodf j]Rg Jofkf/Lx? c;dy{ 5g\ . (( ;o xfn]/ lsg]sf pkef]Qmf eg] cem} klg (( df g} lsGg rfxG5g\ . klxn]sf] ;fdfgnfO{ w]/} d"No eGbf u|fxsn] glsGg] ePsfn] To:tf cfO6dx? g} x6fP/ gofF cfO6d /fVg' k/]sf] Go"/f]8 l:yt (( s:d]l6s ahf/sf ;+rfns k|sfz zfxL atfpF5g\ . pgL eGb5g\- æh'g cfO6dsf] d"No a9]sf] 5, Tof] cfO6d xfdLn] 36fpb} nu]sf 5f}+ / To;sf] 7fpFdf ToxL d"Nodf kfOg] vfnsf] ;fdfg /fv]sf 5f}+ . ;fgf] k;n ePklg z'?df b}lgs ;ft÷cf7 xhf/ sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf]df xfn b'O{÷tLg xhf/df em/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ zfxL eG5g\ -æcfˆg} 3/df 5 / dfq xf], gq ef8f ltg{ d'l:sn kYof{] . z'?sf lbgdf ;fdfg lsGg cfpg] u|fxssf] 3F'Orf] nfUg] tf]k/fh ejgdf cr]n laqm]tf g} u|fxsnfO{ s'/]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . ToxfFsf Ps sd{rf/L k|lbk >]i7 eG5g\ -æklxn] !) nfv x'g] Jofkf/ clxn] bz xhf/df em/]sf] 5 .Æ t'ngfTds ?kn] 7"nf] /x]sf] of] (( ahf/df klxn] () hgf sfdbf/ lyP eg] clxn] @% hgf dfq 5g\ . o;sf ;+rfns kjg hf]zL sf/f]af/ 36\g'df k|lt:kwf{ a9\g' / (( k|ltsf] s|]h ;lsg' atfpF5g\ . z'?df ljb]zdf o:tf] ahf/ km:6fPsf] b]v]/ cfkm"n] z'? u/]sf] pgn] atfP .
k|lt:kwf{sf] qmddf (( nfO{ 36fP/ 6]s'df (* ?k}ofFsf] cflzif ;lkª ahf/ z'? eof] . To;sf] cj:yf klg clxn] c?sf] eGbf km/s 5}g . ToxfFsf Ps sd{rf/L eg] ;':tfpb} uPsf] Psbfd d"No ahf/ df3 !( kl5 emg ;'s]sf] bfjL u5{g . pgsf] bfaL 5 -æklxnf oxfF ndh'ª, kf]v/fnufotsf 7fpFaf6 ;d]t u|fxsx? cfP/ ;fdfg lsg]/ n}hfGy] . t/ clxn] aflx/af6 cfP/ ;fdfg n}hfg] l:ylt 5}g . To:t} klxnf ko{6s{x? cfP/ ;hfj6sf ;fdfg n}hfg] u/]sf]df clxn] ko{6s klg cfpg 5f]8]sf] pgn] atfP . pgL eG5g -æxfd|f] dfq xf]Og, ;a}sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ /fd|f] 5}g . dfG5];Fu b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t' lsGg] cfDbfgL 5}g . nQf, sk8f / ;hfj6sf ;fdfg lsg lsg"g <Æ
ljb]zsf] gSsn u/]/ oxfF ahf/ vf]lnof] . ;dfg pTkfbg ug]{ ljb]zdf ;fdfgsf] d"No 3l6/x]sfn] ahf/ km:6fO/x]sf5g\ . oxfF eg] d"No a9L / pkef]Qmfsf] qmozlQm sdL ePsf sf/0f ahf/x? aGb eO/x]sf 5g\ . csf]{lt/ g]kfnLx?sf] z'?df b]vf;]vLdf x'?Ss x'g] afgL ePsfn] (( ;o ahf/ k|ltsf] pgLx?sf] cfsif{0f PSsf;L a9]sf] t/ oyfy{df To;sf] 7"nf] cfjZostf gePsf]n] ahf/ bLuf] x'g g;s]sf] ahf/ ljZn]ifsx?sf] cg'dfg 5 . pgLx?sf] ljZn]if0f 5 -æxfd|f] h:tf] d'n'ssf pkef]Qmf aLr o:tf] ahf/ rN5 eg]/ k;n vf]Ng] lg0f{o ug'{ g} kl/kSj lyPg .Æ
clxn] Psbfd d"No ahf/sf ;~rfnsx? of] Jofkf/ aGb ug]{ ls rnfpg] eg]/ ;f]rdUg 5g\ . o;} sf/0f pgLx? sxfF klxnf h:tf] u|fxsn] vf]h]hlt ;a} ;fdfg 5}g . o;sf sf/0f u|fxsx?sf] cfsif{0f eg] emg} 36]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ 36]kl5 Psflt/ sd{rf/LnfO{ tna h'6fpg / 3/ef8f ltg{ ;+rfnsx?nfO{ wf}+ wf}+ k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ pwf/f] ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL dfUg sDkgLx? cfO/xG5g\ . ;d:ofaf6 aRg sltko k;n ;+rfnsx? k;nd} ghfg] u/]sf] sd{rf/Lx? atfpF5g\ .
k;n aGb ul/xfNg klg nfvf}sf] ;fdfg :6s /x]sfn] s] u¥/f}+ < gu/] s;/L rnfcf}+ < eGg] cK7]/f]df ;+rfnsx? k'u]sf 5g\ . k'Nrf]sdf (( ahf/ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf lktfDa/ uf}td k;nsf] ef8f ltg{ d'lZsn k/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ eG5g\ -æ d+xuL a9]sf] / Eof6 !# k|ltzt ePsf] sf/0f klxn]sf] d"Nodf ;fdfg a]Rg ;lsb}g . u|fxsn] w]/} ltg{ vf]Hb}gg\ . pgLx?nfO{ .Æ afg]Zj/df (( ahf/ rnfO/x]sf ;Gtf]if vlta8f ca Ps b'O dlxgfsf] l:ylt x]/]/ cj:yf g;'w|] of] ahf/ aGb u/]/ gofF Joj;fo z'? ug]{ ;'/;f/df 5g\ . To:t} l8NnLahf/sf] (( k;nsf ;+rfns ;'/]z g]kfnL klg of] a]r]/ gofF Joj;fo z'? ug]{ ;'/df u|fxs vf]Hb}5g\ .
k;n aGb ug{ jf a]Rg ;lhnf] gePsfn] w]/} ;+rfnsx?n] To;}nfO{ ;'k/dfs]{6df abNg] u/]sf kfOG5 . ;'Gw/f afu b/af/df /x]sf] (( ;o ahf/ ;'k/dfs]{6df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . s]xL rlr{t Psbfd d"No k;nn] eg] cfˆgf] 6"]8 dfs{ h:t} ag]sf] gfdnfO{ kl/jt{g gug]{ ;f]r lnPsf 5g\ . sdnkf]v/Lsf] d"No Pssf ;+rfns hf]zL eG5g\ -æ xfd||f] ahf/ aGb x'b}g .Æ To:t}, 6]s"sf] cflzif ;lkªsf ;+rfns klg cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpg] (* ahf/ ePsfn] o;nfO{ g5f]8\g] atfpF5g\ . t/ k"/fgf] gfd g5f]8] klg oL k;nx?n] Psbfd d"No ;Fu} cGo k|sf/sf Jofkf/nfO{ cfˆgf] k;ndf yk u/]sf 5g\ .

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g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_n] sfnLsf]6sf] lknLaf6 sAhf ul/ nluPsf ^) hgf ;]gfsf hjfgx?sf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
hgd'lQm ;]gf, g]kfn klZrd l8lehg4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtsf cg';f/ cfkm"x?n] cfd hg;d'bfo, dfgjlwsf/jfbL, k|]; hutnfO{ lknL kmf}hL sfjf{xLsf] qmddf sAhf ul/Psf b'Zdg zfxL ;]gfnfO{ h]g]ef dxf;GwL cg';f/ o'4aGbLsf] x}l;otdf /flvPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cfPsf] s'/f klg lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
o'4aGbLx?sf] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO{ e]6\g OR5f /x]sf]n] ltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] kf6L{ ;"qdfkm{t e]6\g cfpg] :jLs[lt ;d]t k|bfg u/]sf] s'/f klg lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 . lknL sfjf{xLsf] oyfy{tf hg;dIf Nofpg] kqsf/ Pjd\ dfgjclwsf/jfbLnfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ub{} jxfFx?nfO{ klZrdL sdf08 tyf klZrd l8lehgsf] ;"qdfkm{t o'4aGbLx?nfO{ e]6\g ;d]t dfcf]jfbLx?n] ckLn u/]sf 5g\ .
klZrd l8lehgsf kf6L{ k|jQmf ;'bz{g4f/f ebf} ;ft ut] hf/L ul/Psf] jStJosf cg';f/ @)^@ ;fpg @# ut] sfnLsf]6 lknL sfjf{xLaf6 lu/km\tf/ ePsf ;]gfx?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
hLjg tfdf -g'jfsf]6_, Zofd /fO{ -pbok'/_, t'n/fh cof{n -eQmk'/_ ;'dg tfdfª -nlntk'/_, ;'a'gf/fo0f >]i7 -sf7df8f}+_, ;'/]Gb| hf}uf]/] -eQmk'/_, ;Gtaxfb'/ tfdfª -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, u'0f/fh l/dfn -g'jfsf]6_, s]z/ yfkfdu/ -g'jfsf]6_, nIdLs[i0f b];f/ -nlntk'/_, /fd nfdf-sfe|]_ nfns[i0f gu/sf]6 -sf7df8f}+_, hLtaxfb'/ vqL -;'v{]t_, 6]saxfb'/ tfdfª -sfe|]_, a'l4axfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, nId0f tfdfª -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, 7fs'/ l;hfs'6L -ndh'ª_, wd{axfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, hLtaxfb'/ df]Qmfg -cf]vn9'+uf_, /fdafa' cfn]du/ -cf]vn9'+uf_ sfdLl;+x tfdfª -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, lzjxl/ sfsL{ -bf]nvf_, v8\u tfdfª -bf]nvf_, jL/axfb'/ tfdfª -eQmk'/_ x]d/fh e08f/L -alb{of_, cd/ nfdf -/fd]5fk_, ;"o{axfb'/ >]i7 -sf7df8f}+_, lbnaxfb'/ vqL ;'v{]t_, s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, k|lbk sfsL{ -eQmk'/_ l;+xaxfb'/ sfsL{ -cf]vn9'+uf_, /fdaxfb'/ >]i7 -dsfgk'/_, tLy{ lwtfn -uf]/vf_ jf3l;+x tfdfª -nlntk'/_ OGb|s'df/ >]i7 -vf]6fª_, s'df/ yfkf -:ofªhf_, lemNs] tfdfª -nlntk'/_, ljzfn nfdf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, hLjg tfdfª -sf7df8f}+_, jf3l;+x tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, a'4gf/fo0f l;+x -sf7df8f}+_, 6+saxfb'/ cfn]du/ -bf]nvf_, lzj sfsL{ -wflb{ª_, /fdaxfb'/ tfdfª -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, sfhL clwsf/L -/fd]5fk+_, s}nfz 8f+uL -bfª_, ;/f]h /fgfef6 -tgx'F_, xl//fd rf}u7L -eQmk'/_, hLtaxfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, Zofd tfdfª -eQmk'/_, clgn s'Fj/ -wflbª_, cd/ axfb'/ s'Fj/ -sf:sL_, k|]daxfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, 1fgaxfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, /fdaxfb'/ tfdfª -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, ;"o{ axfb'/ wdnf -wflbª_, s]zj km'Fofn -bf]nvf_ lgUdaxfb'/ rf}w/L -bfª_, g]qaxfb'/ 3tL{ du/ -:ofªhf_ .

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