rf}tf/L   clen]vfno

hghfltsf] lgwf/df bz}+sf] 6Lsf

zf]if0f, bdg / bf;tfsf] cfzL;

uf]s0f{ e§
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æbz}+M wgLx?nfO{ vf;f, u/LanfO{ bzf / blnt, hghfltnfO{ b'b{zfÆ hghfltleq klg hftLo b[li6sf]0fdf clt s7f]/ dt /fVg'x'g] 8f= s[i0f axfb'/ e§rgsf] bz}+dflysf] l6Kk0fLn] o;sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;DaGwnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf ljZn]if0f ub{5 .
p;f] t hghfltx?n] bz}+ alx:sf/sf] gf/f lb+b} cfPklg ut jif{ /fhfåf/f dgf]lgt ul/Psf dGqL uf]/]axfb'/ vkfuLn] /fhfsf] xftaf6 6Lsf yfk]kl5 of] ljifo emg} rrf{df k'u]sf] lyof] . ljutdf lnDa"x?af6 z'? ePsf] bz}+ alx:sf/ cfGbf]ng clxn] du/x?;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . t/ o;af/]df ax; / ljjfb eg] plQs} /x]s]f 5 .

bz}+ s;sf] <

bz}+ d'ntM lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx?sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rf8 xf] . o;nfO{ pgLx?sf] wfld{s ;+:sf/ cg';f/ dgfOg] ub{5 . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] g]kfndf lxGb"x?sf] cfudgl;t} of] rng cfkm\gf] cl:tTjdf cfPsf] xf] . t/ clxn] cfP/ bz}+ lxGb"x?sf] dfq geP/ u}/ lxGb"x?sf] ;dt] rf8 ag]sf] 5 . s]xL r]tgzLn hghfltx?n] o;sf] alxisf/ u/]klg lxGb"x?sf] ;+:sf/sf] k|;f/ / k|e'Tjsf sf/0f hghfltx?n] klg bz}+nfO{ dgfpg k'u]sf x'g . t/ of] d'Vou/L lxGb"x?sf] rf8kj{ dfq xf] . lxGb" wd{sf dtx? / To;sf tLgj6f d'Vo ;+sNkgfx? M j]bx? kljq k|df0fu|Gy x'g] ljZjf;, sd{kmn / k'gh{Gddf ljZjf; :jLsf/ ug]{x?sf nflu g} bz}+sf] dxTj /xghfG5 . hxfF;Dd cGo wd{ of ;Dk|bfo?sf xsdf lxGb" pgLx?sf] wd{ gePsf] sf/0f To;sf ;+:sf/x? dfGg'kg]{ pgLx?nfO{ s'g} afWotf x'g ;Sb}g / pgLx?n] tL ;+:sf/x? dfg]/ cfkm\gf] ;Dk|bfosf nflu s'g} lxt of enfO{ ;d]t ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
hxfF;Dd hghfltx?sf] ;jfn 5, pgLx? lxGb" xf]Ogg\ . hghfltx?sf] kl/efiff cg';f/, cfkm\gf] 5'§} ;f+:s[lts klxrfg ePsf, cfkm\g} k/Dk/fut efiff, wd{, /Lltl/jfh / ;+:s[lt ePsf, k/Dk/fut 5'§} ef}uf}lns If]q ePsf, ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;+/rgf ePsf, lnlvt jf clnlvt Oltxf; ePsf, jt{dfg g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt / /fHo ;~rfngdf lg0ff{os e"ldsf gePsf / lxGb' j0ff{>d Joj:yf cGtu{t gkg]{ ;d'bfo hghflt x'g\ cyf{t u}/ lxGb" ;d'bfo x'g . clxn] ^! j6f hfltx? of] kl/efiff cg';f/ u}/ lxGb"sf ?kdf kl/eflift 5g\ . cyf{t\ oL hghfltx?sf] ;+:sf/ lxGb" xf]Og\, pgLx?df lxGb" wd{sf] h:tf] lje]bo'Qm >dljefhgsf] :j?k /x]sf] 5}g\ . lxGb"x?sf] h:tf] /fHo;Qfdf lg0ff{os pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5}g\ .
o;sf/0f bz}+ dfq lxGb"x?sf] xf] . h;n] j0ff{>d Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\, ljleGg å}t, cå}t dt / O{Zj/x?nfO{ dfGb5g\ . lji0f', lzj, a|Dxf, u0f]z nufotsf pgLx?sf ## sf]6L gfdf+lst O{Zj/x?nfO{ dfGb5g\ ltgLx?sf nflu bz}+ Pp6f kj{ xf] . pNnf;sf] kj{ xf] . h;/L d':nLdx?n] Ob dgfpF5g\, O;fO{x?n] lqm;d; dgfpF5g\, hghfltx?n] Nxf];f/ / cGo wdf{jnDaLx?n] cfkm\gf df}lns rf8x? dgfpF5g, 7Ls To;}u/L lxGb" wd{fjnDaLx?n] klg bz}+ dgfpF5g\ .

lsg dgfpF5g\ hghfltn] bz}+<

To;f] eP hghfltn] lsg bz}+ dgfO/x]sf 5g t < Pp6f k|Zg p7\5 . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx?n] ts{ lbG5g- xfdLn] hah{:tL 3fF6Ldf tfg]/ bz}+sf] 6Lsf nfpg}k5{ eg]/ hghfltnfO{ eg]sf 5}gf}+, pgLx? cfkm'v'zL 6Lsf nufpF5g eg] xfdLn] s] eGg] < lxGb" wd{ ;+;f/s} pbf/ wd{ xf] eGg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 .
ptf hghfltx? eg] ;dfhdf ;a}n] dflgcfPsf] sf/0f / b]vfl;sLsf sf/0f of] dfg]sf] ts{ lbG5g\ . 6Lsf nufpFb}df s] x'G5 / < 6Lsf alx:sf/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ g]t[Tj lb+b} cfPsf dGqL uf]/]n] ;d]t /fhfaf6 6Lsf nufpg'nfO{ cfkm\gf] cxf]efUo g} dfg]sf lyP . t/ ;r]t hghfltx? eg] oL b'a} ts{df ;xdt b]lv+b}gg\ . 8f= e§rgs} zAbdf eGbf, of] lxGb"jfbLx?n] hah{:tL yf]k/]sf] ;+:sf/ xf] . pxfF eGg'x'G5- æclxn] ank"j{s gu/]klg lxhf] /f0ffsfndf pgLx?n] 6Lsf gyfKg]x?dfly lgs} cTofrf/ ub{y] . bz}+df a'9L cf}+nf x]g]{ uy]{ . h;n] 6Lsf nfPg p;nfO{ s7f]/ b08 lbGy] . o;n] ubf{ hghfltx?n] afWoeP/ Tolta]nf b]lv g} 6Lsf nufpg z'? u/] h'g cfh rngsf ?kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 .Æ e§rgs} egfO{df clwsf+z hghfltx? ;xdt b]lvG5g .
t/ hghfltx?sf k/Dk/fut rf8kj{x? nf]k x'Fb} hfg], pgLx?sf] efiff / ;+:s[lt x/fpFb} hfg]qmd eg] lgs} cufl8 b]lv g} z'? ePsf] xf] . Psflt/ cfkm\gf] k/Dk/fut k]zf / ;Lksf cfwf/df k|s[ltdf ljZjf; /fVg], k|s[ltnfO{ g} k|ltssf ?kdf k'hfcfhf ug]{, k|flrg wd{df cf:yf /fVg] ;f]emf hghfltx?n] cfkm'dfly la:tf/ la:tf/ ljleGg sf]0faf6 eO/x]sf] ;f+:s[lts cltqmd0fx?sf] klxrfg ug{ ;s]gg eg] csf]{lt/ cGo wd{, ljz]if u/L lxGb"x?af6 ul/g] hfnem]n / if8oGqnfO{ pgLx?sf] ;f]emf] lrQn] la/f]w ug{ g;s]kl5 pgLx? la:tf/} ;LdflGts[t -lsgf/fdf ldlNsg]_ x'Fb} uPsf x'g .

3f]/ k|ltufdL wd{ / hghflt

bz}+ hghfltx?n] dfGg}k5{ eGg] sfg"gL s/sfk gePklg dfgl;s?kdf lxGb" wd{sf] k|e'TjnfO{ :jLsfg}{ k5{ eGg] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{ eg] lxGb"jfbL /fHo;Qfn] lgs} nfdf] ;dob]lv s;/t ub}{ cfPsf] xf] . olb ;Qfn] of] s;/t gu/]sf] x'Fbf] xf] t ;Lldt ;+Vofdf ef/taf6 g]kfn l5/]sf lxGb"jfbLx?sf] rf8 ;a}n] dgfpg'kg]{ / ax';+Vos hghfltx?sf] klxrfg g} nf]k x'g] l:ylt /xg hfg] lyPg . To;df klg lxGb"x?sf rf8x? Tolt k|ultzLn / u'0ffTds?kn] ;dfh ljsf; / kl/jg{tsf nflu clgjfo{ eP/ klg c?n] l;sf] u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . lsgeg] hlt;'s} pbf/tfsf] s'/f u/]klg ljZjsf k|d'v wd{x? dWo] lxGb" wd{ ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltufdL / oyfl:yltjfbL /x]sf] s'/f lj1fgn] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . lxGb" wd{ ;+w} clttd'vL /lxcfPsf] 5 . klZrdn] cu|ufdL cjwf/0ffx? NofPsf] ;dodf lxGb" wd{n] kZrufdL cjwf/0ffx? cl3 ;fb}{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;qmd cg';f/ Pssf]lifo hLjaf6 ljsf; x'Fb} >dsf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsfsf sf/0f cfhsf] of] l:yltdf ;dfh k'u]sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ lxGb" wd{n] c:jLsf/ ub{5 a? o;n] t xfd|f] ctLtdf k'iksljdfg lyP, 'ljsf; of ljgf; eGg] s'/f b}jLo / efUosf] v]n xf], ut hGddf h:tf] lyof] clxn] To:t} ef]lu/x]sf 5f}++ eGg] h:tf k|ltufdL, lgotLjfbL, efUojfbL / 3f]/ oyfl:yltjfbL dfGotfx? cl3 ;fb{5 . ef/tLo n]vs tyf a'l4hLlj /fh]Gb| ofbjsf cg';f/, hlta]nf klZrd gofF gofF cGj]if0f / vf]hsf dfWodaf6 cufl8 a9\b} lyof] xfdL eg] pN6f] lbzfdf uO/x]sf lyof}+ To;}n] k|ljw / 1fgsf] b[li6n] klZrd lgs} cufl8 k'Uof] . xfdL eg] cem} !^ cf}+ ztfAbLdf g} 5f}+ lsgeg] xfdLn] t plxNo} g} x/]s s'/fsf] 1fg kfO;s]sf lyof}+ eGg] dfGotf kfv08jfbL lxGb"x?n] x/]ssf] dlitsdf /f]lk;s]sf lyP . of] ljj]rgf ug'{sf] cy{ lxGb" wd{sf] cf}lrTo of To;sf] bz{gaf/] ax; ug'{eGbf klg lxGb" wd{sf rf8kj{x? 7Ls eP/ / To;af6 cfkm\gf] d'lQm x'G5 eg]/ hghfltx?n] Tof] dfg]sf x'g eGg] ts{nfO{ v08g ug'{dfq xf] .

hghfltsf wd{dfly lxGb" wd{sf] x:tIf]k

g]kfndf kfFrf}+ ztfAbLb]lv g} lxGb" wd{sf] cl:tTj /x]sf] kfOG5 t/ !! cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ ef/tdf d';ndfgx?n] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 a9L ;+Vofdf lxGb"x? g]kfn lelqPsf x'g . of] qmd !@ cf}+, !# cf}+ ztfAbL;Dd hf/L g} /x\of] . Toltv]/ lxGb"x? hf] cfo{ lyP, ljleGg n8fOFdf cgfo{x?nfO{ lht]/ cfPsf lyP . ljleGgvfn] s"6gLlt / /fhgLltdf vlKk; lyP n] cfkm';Fu gofF k|ljlwx? lnP/ cfPsf lyP . pgLx?;Fu s[lif ug]{ k|ljlw lyof] . s[lif pTkfbgx?nfO{ ;+u|x0f ug]{ k|ljlw lyof] . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] kxf8L If]qdf a;f]af; ug{ k'u]sf tL lxGb"x?n] hghfltx?sf dfemdf cfkm"nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd kf/] . o;sf] k|efj hghfltx?df klg kg'{ :jefljs} lyof] . la:tf/} la:tf/} lxGb'x?n] /fHo;Qfdf ;d]t efuLbf/L ug{ yfn] . pgLx?n] /fHo;Qfsf dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf] wd{ / cfkm\gf] k|e'Tjdf /x]sf] If]qsf af;LGbfx?nfO{ To;sf] k|efjdf Nofpg] sf]zL; ub}{ cfP . !$ cf}+ ztfAbLdf hol:ylt dNnn] ;dfhdf j0f{Joj:yfsf] ;"qkft g} u/] eg] ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf gfddf /fdzfxn] sfzLaf6 rf/ hgf afx'gx?nfO{ lemsfP/ cfkm\gf] j0f{Joj:yfnfO{ emg} dha"t kfg]{ sfd u/] . o;/L pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] cNk;+Vossf] wd{ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ax';+Vossf] wd{ / ;+:s[ltdfly yf]kg]{ sfd u/] .
cNkdtsf] ;+:s[lt / ax'dtsf] ;+:s[ltaLrsf] of] åGådf cNkdtl;t /fHo;Qf lyof] . /fHo;Qfn] To;nfO{ ;+/If0f lbPsf] lyof] . pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?df cNkdt -lxGb"x?_sf] :jfdLTj lyof] . To;f] ePsf] x'gfn] pgLx?sf dfGotfx? ax';+Vos hgtfn] :jLsfg}{ kg]{ afWofTds l:yltsf] l;h{gf eof] . kl5 g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtjfbsf] pbo ePkl5 t ax';+Vos hgtfn] r'krfk pgLx?sf] x's'd dfGg'afx]s c? s]xL ljsNk lyPg . o;/L la:tf/} la:tf/} hghfltx?sf] ax'dtsf] ;+:s[lt nf]k x'g k'Uof] . du/fFt k|b]z, lsF/ft-lnDa'jfg_ k|b]z nufotsf ljleGg k|b]zx?dfly zfxL /fHo;Qf -s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtjfb_ sf] k|e'Tj eof] . tL If]qdf /fHon] ;+/If0f u/]sf] ;fdGtjfbL ;+:s[lt nfu' eof] . lxGb" ;+:sf/x?n] /fHoaf6 a}wtf kfPsf sf/0f tL /fHosf lgodx? ;/x dflgP . Pshgf /fhfn] s'g} eJo dxf]T;j dfGbf hgtfn] xif{a9fO{ ug}{kg]{ lgodx? agfOP . Pshgf ;fdGtsf] 3/df 5f]/f] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ ufpFn]x?n] gfrfufg ug}{ kg]{ afWofTds ;fdflhs lgodx? l;h{gf ul/P . Ps hgf /fhf, ef/bf/ of ;fdGtn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf nflu s]xL kfpFbf p;sf] ;'vdf cfd hgtfn] ;'vL x'gkg]{ / pgLx?sf] ;fdfGo b'Mvdf ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] b'Mv dgfpg'kg]{, ;fj{hlgs zf]s dgfpg'kg]{ h:tf lgodx? :yflkt ul/P . o;/L qmdzM ;fdGtjfbL ;+:s[lt cyf{t\ lxGb" wd{sf ;+:sf/ / d"No dfGotfx? cyf{t afx'gjfbL ;+:s[lt cyf{t j0ff{>d Joj:yfn] PsfTds j}wtfsf] :j?k kfof] . To;sf lgodx? ax';+Vos hgtfn] :jLsfg{ afWo x'g k'u] . ;Ltf/fd tfdfª eGg'x'G5- æ/fHo g} wd{ ;fk]If eP/ wd{sf] cf8df ;a}nfO{ ToxL wd{ / ;+:s[lt dfGg'kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt l;h{gf u/]kl5 u/La hgtfdf To;sf] k|efj t k5{ g} . clxn] bz}+sf nflu /fHon] !% lbg ljbf lbG5 . cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ k|rf/ ;+oGqx?sf dfWodaf6 To;sf] k|;f/0f u5{ . xif{a9fO{ u5{ . cGo ljljw sfo{qmdx? u5{ . o;sf] k|efj hghfltdf gk/L /xg ;Sb}g .Æ
o;/L z'?df s/sfkddf :jLsf/ ul/Psf oL lxGb" dfGotfx? kl5Nnf] kL+l9n] s]xL sd la/f]w u/]/ / emg kl5Nnf] kL+l9df t Tof] ;fdfGo ;+:sf/sf ?kdf g} ljsf; x'g k'u] . log} ;fdflhs lgod, sfg"g / lxGb" ;+:s[ltnfO{ !*%$ df cfP/ h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] ;+lxtfa4 u/]/ d'n'sL P]gsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 t lxGb" ;+:s[lt g} /fHosf] 3f]lift ;+:s[lt aGg k'Uof] . lxGb" wd{ /fHosf] wd{ aGg k'Uof] . o;n] clgjfo{ a}wtfsf] l:yltsf l;h{gf ug{ k'Uof] / ax';+Vos hgtfx?n] cNkdtsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ :jLsfg}{kg]{ afWofTds kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf eof] .
8f= cf]d u'?ª eGg'x'G5- æclxn] t hghfltx?n] klg bz}+sf] z'esfdgf afF8\b} lx+8]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ r]tgf lbg] sfd afx]s c? s] ug{ ;lsG5 < t/ s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtjfbn] cfkm\gf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ olt alnof];Fu pgLx?sf] dl:tisdf /f]lklbPsf] 5 ls pgLx? ;DemfpFbf ;d]t dfGb}gg\ .Æ of] lgs} nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] ;fdGtjfbsf] k|of; k':tfx? laTg] qmdl;t emg} a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 8f= e§rgsf] ts{ Psbd} o'lQm;+ut nfUb5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5- æclxn] bz}+sf nflu !% lbg ljbf x'G5 . Tof] ;do Pp6f hghfltsf nflu cy{xLg x'G5 . csf]{tkm{ hghfltsf] rf8kj{sf nflu Pslbg klg ljbf x'Fb}g . of] l:yltdf Pp6f :s"n hfg] afnsn] s] l;S5 < p;df :jefjtM bz}+k|lt cfsif{0f a9\b}g / <Æ
o;/L ljleGg hfnem]n / if8oGqsf dfWodaf6 hghfltx?sf] efiff, hghfltx?sf] wd{ / ;+:s[ltnfO{ lxGb"jfbL /fHoJoj:yfn] x:tIf]k ub}{ cfPsf] sf/0f cfh hghfltx?n] cfkm\gf] wd{ / efiff la;]{/ csf{sf] wd{, efiff / ;+:s[ltdf /dfpg k'u]sf x'g . g]kfndf ljutdf hgu0fgfx?df hghfltx?sf] o;} ;f]emf]kgsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} pgLx?sf] wd{ lxGb" elgof] . ax';+Vos hghfltx? yf]/} k|ltzt b]lvP . t/ hghfltdf ;r]tgtfsf] qmdl;t} of] clxn] #* k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . h'g cem} klg a9\g] qmddf 5 . hals laz'4 lxGb" tfufwf/Lx?sf] hg;+Vof eg]sf] s/La #) k|ltzt dfq xf] . of] ;+f:s[lts x:tIf]ksf] /fd|f] gd"gf xf] . cNkdtsf] ;+:s[ltn] ax'dtsf] ;+:s[ltdfly u/]sf] anft\ cltqmd0fsf] gd"gf xf] . h;/L clxn] klZrdL ;+:s[lt ljZjJofkL ;+:s[lt agfO+b}5, 7Ls To;/L g} lxhf]sf lbgdf lxGb" ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;j{;+:s[lt agfpg] s;/tx? ul/+b} cfP . 'wd{sf] Oltxf; eGg] k':tsdf ;]= tf]sf]/f]j n]Vg'x'G5- ælxGb"wd{df cGo hgtf / /fi6"x? (State nation) g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo /fHox?sf ljZjf; tyf cg'i7fg-;+:sf/_x?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt ug]{ / cfkm\gf] agfpg] cb\e"t / ljzt Ifdtf klg b]lvG5 . a|fDx0fx?n] b|lj8 / cGo hflt tyf hghfltx?sf] wd{nfO{ ;xhtfk"j{s lxGb" wd{df ;fd]n u/] . o;sf nflu tL hfltx?n] h'g hLj, dg'io jf b]jtfsf] k"hf ub{y] To;nfO{ lji0f' of lzj of cGo b]jtfsf] cjtf/sf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff dfq u/] k'UYof] . k|s[ltdf g} /dfO/x]sf / k|s[ltl;t v]ln/x]sf, Tolt a9L s"6gLlt ghfGg], ;fdfGo >ddf ljZjf; /fv]/ To;s} cfwf/df hLjg latfO/x]sf hghfltx?sf nflu lxGb"x?sf k|k~raf/] s'g} 1fg lyPg . pgLx?sf] oxL ;f]emf]kgfsf sf/0f g} cfh hghfltx?n] bz}+ z'esfdgf afF8\b} lx+l8/x]sf klg x'g .

bz}+ alxisf/ lsg <

csf{sf] wd{ / To;sf ;+:sf/x? lsg dfGg] eGg] sf]0fn] bz}+ alxisf/sf] ts{ ;a}eGbf a9L lbOg] ub{5 . hghfltx?sf] cfkm\gf] wd{ cg';f/ pgLx?sf] rf8 bz}+ xf]Og, To;}n] bz}+ alx:sf/ ul/g'kb{5 eGg] ts{ cfkm}df a]7Ls klg xf]Og . t/ of] Toltdf dfq ;Lldt geP/ hghflt d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] b[li6n] klg alx:sf/ ug'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
To;}n] bz}+ csf{sf] wd{sf] rf8 eg]/ dfq o;sf] alx:sf/ ul/Psf] eg] xf]Og . bz}+ csf]{ wd{sf] rf8 t xf] t/ of] l;+uf] hghflt ;d'bfonfO{ ;dfhsf x/]s cj;/af6, al~rt kfg]{ / pgLx?sf] >dsf] andf cfkm' xfnLd'xfnL ug]{ ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf] wd{ ePsf]n] klg alx:sf/ ug'{kb{5 . of] Tof] csf]{ ju{sf] wd{ xf], h;sf cf8df ztflAbof}+b]lv hghfltx?n] cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nfsf] nufd afx'gjfbLx?sf] xftdf ;'Dkg'k/]sf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f pgLx?sf] /fHo;Qfdf s'g} k|ltlglwTj 5}g\ . Tof] csf]{ ju{sf] wd{nfO{ /fHon] cfkm\gf] wd{ agfPsf] sf/0f pgLx?sf k/Dk/fut wd{, ;+:sf/ / ljZjf;x? nf]k x'g uO/x]sf 5g\ . Tof] wfld{s /fHosf] :j?ksf sf/0f hghfltx?sf] :yfgLo efiff nf]k eP/ uPsf] 5 . To;} wfld{s /fHosf cbfntx?n] hghfltx?sf] efiffnfO{ nf]k x'g'kg]{ vfnsf] km};nf ;'gfPsf] 5 . To;} wfld{s /fHosf sfg"gx?n] hghfltx?nfO{ k|zf;lgsb]lv cGo ljleGg /fHosf lgsfox?df k|ltikwf{ ug{af6 /f]s]sf 5g\ / nfdf];dob]lv g} pgLx?sf] cf8df ;Qfdf n"6 dRrfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] lxGb" wd{, /fHosf] wd{ ePsf]n], ;f] /fHo hghfltx?dfly pTkL8g ug]{ /fHo;+/rgf ePsf]n], ;f] /fHosf] ;+:s[lt afx'gjfbL cyf{t j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf cfwf/df rNg] ePsf]n] / ;f] /fHosf sf/0f hghfltx? nfdf] ;dob]lv df/df kb}{ cfPsf] / pgLx?sf] cl:ttj g} u'Dg] vt/f ePsf]n] ;f] /fHosf] lj/f]w ug{, To;sf ;~rfnsx?l;t cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf] n8fO{+ n8\g, Tof] ;Qf l6Sg] cfwf/sf ?kdf sfd ul//x]sf ;fdflhs ;+:sf/x?sf] cGTo ug{ / l;+uf] ;fdGtjfbL zf]if0fsf l;qmLx?nfO{ tf]8\gsf lglDt bz}+ alx:sf/ clgjfo{ ag]sf] xf] . l;tf/fdf tfdfª eGg'x'G5, hghfltx?sf] cfkm\gf] wd{ lxGb" xf]Og, To;}n] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] wd{sf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . /fHon] s'g} Pp6f wd{nfO{ /fhwd{ agfpFb}df To;nfO{ dfGg}k5{ eGg] 5}g . bz}+ ;fdGtL /jfkm ePsf]n] o;/L /fHodf !% lbg sfdsfh 7Kk kfbf{ >d u/]/ vfg] ju{nfO{ ;f]em} c;/ kg]{ atfpFb} tfdfª /fHon] ;a}nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ / ljbf lbg aGb ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg''x'G5 .
lxGb'x?l;t ;dGjo /fv]/ d'lQm vf]Hg] lrGtg
zq'l;t ldn]/ of zq'sf] bf;Tj :jLsf/ u/]/ ;+;f/df s'g} klg hfltn] d'lQm xfl;n u/]sf] 5}g . g t zq'l;t ;dGjo of ;b\efj /fv]/ g} s;}sf] k"0f{ d'lQm x'g;S5 . olt nfdf];dob]lv cfkm\gf] zf;g rnfO/x]sf], ax';+Vos hgtfdfly n"6 dRrfpg ;kmn ePsf] ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;Qfn] ;dembf/Ls} cfwf/df hghfltx?nfO{ xs / clwsf/ lbg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ ;ls+b}g . Pscfw hgfnfO{ /fHosf] d"nwf/df nu]sf] 3f]if0ff ub}{df, dGqL of ;f+;b agfpFb}df ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;+/rgf / lxGb" clw/fHo /x'~h]n;Dd hghfltx?sf] d'lQm klg x'g ;Sb}g . olb o;f] x'GYof] eg] t afnf/fd 3tL{du/b]lv uf]/] vkfuL;Dd dGqL ePsf xf]Ogg / < v} t pgLx?n] hghfltsf] kIfdf Pp6f l;Gsf];Dd efFRg ;s]sf < lsg xfn;Dd ;+;b, dGqL of cGo :yfgdf k'u]sf hghfltx?n] hghfltx?nfO{ cf/If0f of ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] cfjfh p7fpg ;s]sf < lsg lan k]z ug{ ;s]gg ;+;bdf < k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] g} s'/f ubf{ @)$^ ;fnkl5 hghfltx?sf] /fHosf ljleGg lgsfox?df k|ltlglwTjsf] l:yltdf slQsf] ;'wf/ ePsf] 5 t < s] nf]s;]jf cfof]ub]lv >L % sf] ;/sf/, dGqLkl/ifb;Dd Pscfw hgf hghfltx? k'u]gg / < k'u], Pscfw hgf ;fdGtjfbsf] bofdfofdf ToxfF;Dd k'u] t/ pgLx?n] s]xL ug{ ;s]gg\ lsgeg] pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] d'Vo cGt/lj/f]wL zlQmnfO{ lrGg ;s]gg\ lrg]/ klg To;lj?4 cfjZos ;+3if{sf] ;f6f] ;Demf}tfsf] ?v ckgfpg k'u] . To;}n] hghfltx?n] lxGb" /fHoJoj:yfnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ / ax';+Vos hgtfnfO{ ;Lldt ju{sf] ;+:s[lt dfGg}kg]{ afWofTds l:ylt, -sfg"gL, ;fdflhs / cfly{s_sf] cGTo ug{ klg bz}+ alx:sf/ ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{tf hGd]sf] xf] .

cfGbf]ng lsg tft]g <

k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxb]lv s]Gb|Ls[t ePsf] ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 ;a}eGbf rf]l6nf] k|xf/ @)$^ ;fndf ePsf] xf] . Toltv]/ hgtfn] cfkm\gf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm}n] ug{ kfpg] dfu /fv]klg cGttM cfGbf]ngnfO{ wf]sfdf ;dfKt ul/of] . t/ hgtfn] eg] To;sf] la/f]w:j?k cfkm\gf ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ ult lb+b} cfP . o;df bz}+ alx:sf/ cfGbf]ng klg Ps xf] . z'?df lgs} rls{Psf] cfGbf]ng kl5 cfP/ eg] ;]nfpg k'Uof] . hghflt dxf;+3sf dxf;lrj cf]d u'?ª eGg'x'G5- æufpF3/df bz}+ alx:sf/sf] kIfdf Jofks nx/ rn]klg zx/df eg] lxGb'x?eGbf a9L z'esfdgf hghfltx?n] lbg] u5{\g\ . w]/} zx/Lof hghfltx?df cj;/jfbL k|j[lQ / /jfkm b]vfpg] ;+:sf/ ePsf]n] pgLx?n] o;f] u/]sf x'g\ .Æ o;afx]s lxGb" /fHoJoj:yf emg s6\6/ aGb} uPsf] / lxGb" tflnafgLs/0fsf] vt/f a9\b} uPsf]n] klg of] cfGbf]ng ;]nfPsf] x'g;S5 .

wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] ;jfn rSof]{

bz}+ alx:sf/ g} eg]/ cfGbf]ng Tolt ljsf; gePsf] b]lvPklg wd{ ;fk]Iftfla/f]wL cfGbf]ngn] eg] clxn] lgs} prfO{ kfO/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx?n] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] d'4fnfO{ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts clei6 k"lt{ ug{ p7fPkl5 of] ljifon] emg} rrf{ kfPsf] xf] . wd{ lg/k]Iftfn] lxGb" /fHosf] sfg"gL a}wtfsf] cGTo ub{5 . ;a} wd{ / wdf{jnDaLnfO{ cfkm\gf] wd{ dfGg] 5"6 lbG5 . wd{ / wfld{s x:tIf]k, ;f+:s[lts cltqmd0fsf] sfg"gL :j?k ToxfF /xGg . g t /fHonfO{ bz}+df !% lbg;Dd ljbf lbg] / Nxf];f/df ljbf g} glbg] 5"6 /xG5 . To;afx]s o;n] g]kfndf lgs} nfdf] ;dob]lv h/f] uf8]/ a;]sf] s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtjfb ;d]t sdhf]/ aGg k'U5 . clxn]sf] cfGbf]ng eg]sf] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] cfGbf]ng g} xf] . sl/a sl/a hghflt ;+u7gx?, dlxnfjfbLx?, blnt cfGbf]ngb]lv gful/s:t/df ;d]t o;sf] kIfdf cfjfh p7]sf] kfOG5 . t/ of] 7f]; d'4f of dfusf ?kdf eg] PsLs[t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dfcf]jfbLx?n] / ;+;bjfbL /fhgLlts zlQmb]lv Pstfs]Gb|-d;fn / jfddf]rf{ ;Ddn] wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] dfunfO{ p7fPsf] 5 . t/ of] 7f];?kdf cufl8 cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] dfq dfu /fv]/ pgLx?n] cfGbf]ng rsf{Psf 5}gg\ . t/ wd{lg/k]Ifl;t} hf]l8Psf] /fHo;Qf ;+/rgfsf] :j?kdf kl/jt{gsf] dfudf pgLx? Psdt gePsf]n] clxn] of] d'4fdfq cufl8 cfpg g;s]sf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLx?n] u0ftGqsf] dfu u/]sf 5g\, ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ zlQmx?n] /fhtGqnfO{ :jLsfg]{ s'/f u/]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf wd{ lg/k]IfnfO{ /fhtGql;t hf]8\g] of ghf]8\g] eGg] ;"Idsf]0faf6 cfGbf]ngn] lbzf kqm]sf] gePsf]n] klg wd{lg/k]Iftf rrf{dfdfq /x]sf] x'g;S5 .

lxGb" tflnafgLs/0fsf] vt/f

wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] dfu tLa| x'g uPkl5 lxGb"x?n] cfkm\gf] ;SsnL ;lxi0f'tf / pbf/tfsf] kl/ro ;d]t lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . cfkm"nfO{ pbf/ wd{ dfGg] t/ Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv0df pbf/ / k|ultzLn af}4 wd{nfO{ gi6 ug{ /Qmkft / ljWj+z dRrfpg], h}gwd{nfO{ kfvf nufpg s;/t ug]{, cfkm}+leq Pp6f 7"nf] lx:;fnfO{ c5"t / bf; agfO/fVg], cGo wd{fjnDaLx?sf lj?4 lx+;fTds af6f] ckgfpg] lxGb" wd{sf cg'ofoLx? clxn] cfkm\gf ;SsnL :j?k b]vfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L ef/tdf wfld{s kmf;Ljfbn] r/dtf lnO/x]sf] cj:yfdf / To;nfO{ ef/tLo /fHoJoj:yfn] g} ;+/If0f lbO/x]sf] cj:yfdf To;sf] ;+/If0fdf g]kfndf klg pgLx?n] wfld{s kmf;Ljfbsf] cEof; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . csf]{cy{df pgLx? klg lxGb" tflnafgLs/0fsf] lbzfdf cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\ . Ps hgf :j3f]lift lxGb"jfbLn] Ps nfv ;]gf tof/ ug]{ æwDsLÆ n] o;sf] emg} k'li6 x'G5 .
t/ wd{ lg/k]If cfGbf]ngn] ult lng] xf] / d'n's wd{ lg/k]If /fHosf] lbzfdf cl3 a9\g] xf] eg] wfld{s kmf;LjfbnfO{ k/f:t ug{ g;lsg] eg] xf]Og . clxn] #* k|ltzt hghfltx?, @) k|ltzt blntx?, s/La !), !% k|ltztsf] u}/ blnt / u}/ hghflt /x]sf sDo'lgi6x?n] dfq klg wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] xf] eg] g]kfn wd{ lg/k]If /fHo 3f]if0ff x'g Tolt ufx|f] cjZo klg x'g]5}g . To;f] t lxGb" wd{sf b'Oj6f bf+tx? /x]sf 5g\ . vfg] Pp6f / b]vfpg] csf]{, clxn];Dd b]vfpg] bf+t dfq xfdLn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ t/ o;sf] cl:tTj ;+s6sf] l:yltdf o;n] b'a} vfg] bf+tnfO{ b]vfpg k'U5 . clxn]sf] lxGb"wd{ To;} cj:yfdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . casf] cfjZostf eg]sf] hgtfn] cfkm\gf] wd{, ljZjf; of dfGotfx?sf cfwf/df s'g} wd{ dfGg], gdfGg] km};nf cfkm}n] ug{ kfpg] sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] /x]sf]n] o; lbzfdf ;a} lxGb" kmf;Ljfbsf] lzsf/ ag]sf hgtfn] ;f]Rg'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu bz}+ alx:sf/ k|fylds zt{ xf] . h'g hghfltx?sf nflu dfq geP/ ;fdGtjfbl;t cGt/lj/f]w /fVg] blnt, dlxnf / cGo ;d'bfosf nflu klg plQs} h?/L b]lvG5 .

n]vs M g]kfnLd~rsf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs x'g'x'G5 .