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æof t tkfO{+x?n] s'/f ug]{ u/]sf] g]kfn cs}{ 7fpFdf x'gk5{, of t tkfO{+x? Tof] g]kfndf x'ls{g' ePs} x}g .Æ
ætkfO{+x?af6 xfdLn] clxn];Dd ;'Gg] u/]sf] g]kfnsf] syf;Fu xfdLn] ev{/} ;'g]sf tfhf tYox? s'g} b[li6n] klg Pp6} nfUb}g .Æ
ev{/} sn]h k9\g yfn]sL d]/L !* jlif{of 5f]/Lsf pQm l6Kk0fLn] k|yd t dnfO{ lgGb|faf6 Jo'+lemP h:t} em:sfOlbof], clg y'k|} ck|TofzLt tYox?k|lt rgfvf] klg agfOlbof] . klxn] t 5f]/Ln] 7§f u/] h:tf] nfUof] t/ p;sf] cg'xf/df 7§fsf] efj eGbf cGof]nsf] efj a9L ePsfn] d}n] pQm l6Kk0fLx?nfO{ clns u+eL/tfsf ;fy lnPF .
5f]/L;Fusf] s]xLa]/sf] s'/fsfgLkl5 d}n] b'O6f s'/f yfxf kfPF . k|yd, d]/f] sn]h ;Sg} nfu]sf] 5f]/fn] ev{/} g]kfnaf6 sn]h k9\g cfPsf s]6fs]6L;Fu s]xL ;+ut u/]sf] /x]5 / p;n] alxgL;Fu tL ;a} s'/fx? klxn]b]lv g} ul//x]sf] /x]5 . bf];|f], s] yfxf kfPF eg] d}n] !& jif{ cufl8 5f]8]sf] clg a]nfa]nf uP/ b]Vg] u/]sf] g]kfneGbf clxn]sf o'jf lk+9Ln] ef]u]sf], afFr]sf] g]kfnsf] b"/L em08} em08} cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfn hlts} /x]5 . d}n] d]/f cfˆg} pd]/sf ;fyLx?af6 ;'g]sf] a'em]sf] eGbf o'jfx?n] b]v]sf] g]kfnsf] km/s d]/L 5f]/Lsf] d'vaf6 ;'g]/ 5Ss} t kl/g t/ cfkm" Tolt w]/} dfqfdf cgle1 ePsf]df cgf}7f] eg] kSsf nfUof] . x'gt rf/, kfFr jif{ klxn] d]/f] 6f8fsf] gftf kg]{ alxgL oxfF æEofn]G6fOg;\ 8]Æ df g]kfnsf] h:tf] /demd gb]v]/ lg/fz ePsf] b]Vbf s]xL cgf}7f] nfu]sf] lyof] . pgsf cg';f/ æEofn]G6fOG; 8]Ædf g]kfnsf xf]6nx?df kGw|, ;f]x| jif{b]lvsf s]6fs]6Lx? xftdf xft ldnfP/ hf]8L alg /ft/fte/ gfRg] u5{g\ c/] . Ps k6s g]kfnL 5fkfdf ;dfrf/ k|sflztePcg';f/ æEofn]G6fOG; 8]Æ sf sf8{sf] cefj ahf/df ePsf] yfxf kfP/ nfu]sf] crDd eGbf csf]{ Pp6f ;dfrf/df æO6x/L ahf/dfÆ /flqSnasf] cfjZostf b]]v]kl5sf] crDd 7"nf] lyof] . o:tf obfsbf kl9Psf / obfsbf ;'lgPsf afSof+zsf] cfwf/df k"/f b]zsf] l:yltsf] sNkgf ug{ dnfO{ hlt ufx|f] ePsf] lyof] d}n] a]nfa]nf pNn]v u/]sf tYosf] cfwf/df l;+uf] g]kfnsf] lrq agfpg d]/f 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ Tolt g} ufx|f] ePsf] x'g ;S5 .
!& jif{ cufl8 cui6sf] rsf]{ 3fddf d g]kfnaf6 æyfO{ ljdfgÆdf r9]/ cd]l/sftkm{ p8\bf d]/f] clxn] sn]h hfg] 5f]/f] ;f9] tLg jif{ / ev{/} sn]h yfNg] 5f]/L bz dlxgfsL dfq lyO{ . To;a]nf d}n] b]v]sf], d x'ls{Psf] g]kfnsf] k|ljlw clg ;+rf/sf] k|ult klg zfob d]/f tL afns 5f]/f5f]/L h:t} slnnf] lyof], afns} lyof] . sf7df8f}+sf 5fgfdf PG6]gf ug]/ slthgfsf] 3/df 6LeL /x]5g\ eg]/ kQf nufpg ;lsGYof] . g]kfn 6LeLsf] z'?cft :j?k slxn]sfxL++ /fli6|o k+rfotsf] clwj]zg k|ToIf b]lvg] u/]sf] lyof] . 6LeL / sDKo'6/n] km}nfPsf] cfw'lgstf clg :jtGqtfsf] ult dnfO{ ev{/} afd] ;g]{ d]/L 5f]/L / xft ;dfO{ lx8\g] d]/f] 5f]/f] hlQs} dfq nfu]sf] lyof] .
oxfF latfPsf ljut !& jif{leq d}n] cfkm" ;fgf] /xFbf, :s'n sn]h k9\bf / cfkm" ToxfF /xFbf;Dd h] b]v]+ h] ef]u]+ d}n] 5f]/f5f]/L ;fd' k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf] g]kfn Tolt g} lyof] . kl5 ;+rf/sf] dfWod ;lhnf] / ljsl;t ePkl5 klxn]eGbf ;lhnf];Fu g]kfnsf] ablnbf] ultljlwaf/] yfxf kfpFb} /x] klg s]6fs]6Lsf] lbdfudf d]/f] lbdfudf h:tf] ab\ln+b} uPsf] g]kfnsf] lrqn] afnskgdf pgLx?df qmdzM s'+lbb} uPsf] cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] g]kfnsf] lrq wldlnP/ gofF lrq s'lbg ;s]sf] lyPg . ;fFRr} eGbf t d]/} lbdfun] klg cfkm"n] ef]u]sf] / b]v]sf] g]kfnnfO{ abNg ;s]sf] lyPg .
xfdL klxn] cd]l/sf cfPsf] a]nf clxn] h:tf] x/]s /fHodf g]kfnLx? e]6\g ufx|f] lyof] . xfdL hxfF hxfF a:of}+ w]/} h;f] e/;s xfdL dfq}, geP c? Ps b'O{ kl/jf/ eP/ a;]sf] x'gfn] d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Ln] cfkm\gf] dgdf s'Fb]sf] g]kfnsf] gSzfsf] ;|f]t d / d]/f >Ldfg dfq lyof}+ . a]nfa]nf k|;+uj; lgl:sPsf ;Gbe{sf hjfkm :j?k ;dfj]z ul/Psf tYoaf6 pgLx?sf] slnnf] / ljb]zdf kmlqmPsf] lbdfudf s:tf] g]kfnsf] lrq s'+lbPsf] xf]nf eGg] ;xL cGbfh dnfO{ lyPg . t/ dnfO{ olt yfxf lyof] ls pgLx?sf] lbdfudf s'+lbPsf] g]kfn d]/f] lbdfusf] eGbf lgSs} /fd|f] lyof] .
sl/a 5 ;ft jif{cl3 P6nfG6fdf ePsf] g]kfnL e]nfdf klxnf]kN6 xfdL;Fu} xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/L klg uPsf lyP . hfF8 /S;L gvfg], r'/f]6 gvfg] / ;f/} ljgd| :jefjsf, Pscsf{nfO{ cfb/ ug]{dfq g]kfnL x'G5g\ eGg] pgLx?sf] ljZjf; tLg lbg ePsf] g]kfnL ;d"xsf] 3'nldnn] rsgfr'/ kf/]sf] s'/f kl5 pgLx?af6 yfxf kfPF . t/ o; n]vsf] k|;+u cs}{ ePsfn] o; ljifonfO{ oxL+;Dd .
kGw| ;f]x| jif{sf o'jf ePkl5b]lv d]/f 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ g]kfnsf] b}lgs hLjg hfGg] pT;'stf /x]sf] / d}n] cfkm" Tof] pd]/sf] cfkm\gf] cg'ejaf/] lbPsf] hjfkm afx]s o; ljifodf pgLx?n] yfxf kfpg] c? ;|f]t lyPg .
g]kfndf o'jflk+9Ln] clxn] b]]v]sf] / afFr]sf] g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] prfO{ d}n] ;f]r]sf] eGbf lgSs} cUnf] ePsf] s'/f dnfO{ klg 5n{ª x'g yfNof] .
g]kfnaf6 ev{/} sn]h k9\g cfPsf s]xL ljBfyL{x?;Fusf] ;+utn] d]/f] sn]h ;Sg} cfF6]s]f 5f]/fn] clxn]sf] g]kfnnfO{ o'jf lk+9Lsf] cfFvfaf6 x]g{ / o'jf lbdfuaf6 a'em]/ To;}cg';f/sf] lrq agfpg yfn]sf] /x]5 .
d]/f] 5f]/fsf] a'emfOcg';f/ w]/} b[li6df clxn]sf o'jfn] afFr]sf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts hLjgaLr g]kfn / oxfF vf; km/s /x]g5 . a? oxfFsf] eGbf ToxfFsf] ;dfhdf a9L :jtGqtf, sd lhDd]bf/L clg a9L dgf]/+hg ePsf] s'/f yfxf kfP5g\ . d]/f] 5f]/fn] cfkm\gL alxgL;Fu o;af/] lgSs} 5nkmn u/]5, clg clxn];Dd pgLx?n] agfPsf] g]kfnsf] t:jL/ eGbf lgSs} a]Un} 7x/fP5g\ . To;kl5 d;Fu ;f]Wg] lgwf] u/]5g\ .
æo'js o'jtLx? /dfOnf] ug{ Snax?df hfg] qmd oxfFsf] eGbf s]xL km/sdfq x}g a9L 5 c/] Æ,æSnax?sf] ;+Vof t'ngfTds ?kdf lgSs} a9L 5 c/] Æ, æx/]s uNnLdf s'g} g s'g} Sna x'G5 c/]Æ, ænfu" kbfy{, dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ / pknAw ug{ oxfFeGbf ;lhnf] ePsf] / ;]jg ug]{sf] ;+Vof y'k|} 5 c/] / o:tf s'/f ;lhn} clg oxfFsf] eGbf t'ngfTds ?kdf ;:tf] klg x'G5 c/]Æ,æs]6fnfO{ s]6L ;fyL s]6LnfO{ s]6f ;fyL agfpg To:tf] s'g} aGb]h klg Tolt 5}g c/]Æ, æa]n'sf 3/ kmls{g] s'/fdf Tolt aGb]h gePsf] dfq x}g a? pgLx?n] x]g{] l;g]dfx?df pd]/sf] kfjGbL / ;8sdf lx8\gdf klg ;dosf] kfjGbL x'Fb}g c/]Æ,. oL ;a} afSof+zx? d]/L 5f]/L;Fusf] nfdf] s'/fsfgLaf6 pw[t ul/Psf x'g\ . d}n] pgLx?n] yfxf kfPb]lv g} g]kfnsf] ljifodf u/]sf k|;+ux?df pk/f]Qm ljifo ;dfj]z lyPgg\ . lsgeg] d}n] h] b]v]+ ToxL afx]s c? atfpg] cfwf/ klg lyPg . To;df klg d sf7df8f}+ aflx/ x'ls{PsL lyPF . 5f]/Ln] dnfO{ klS8Psf] d'Vo ljifo rfxL+ pQm s'g} klg geP/ cs}{ lyof] .
æg]kfndf s]6fnfO{ s]6Lsf] / s]6LnfO{ s]6fsf] aGbf]j:t w]/}h;f] cfdfafa'n] ug]{ x}g, t/ w]/} h;f]n] cfkm}+ vf]Hg] / cGthf{lto ljjfx klg htftt} kfOG5 c/] .Æ 5f]/Ln] pQm tYodf w]/} hf]8 lbP/ dnfO{ lgSs} z+sfn' cfFvfn] x]/L . d}n] o;sf] ljkl/t atfpg] u/]sf] lyPF . p;n] k|i6 t dnfO{ elgg t/ p;sf] egfO{cg';f/ d}n] eg] h:tf] ljx] cufl8 of}g ;DaGw x'g] 36gf guGo ePsf] rf+xL p;nfO{ kTof/ nfu]g c/] . ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf ePsf P8\; / PrcfO{eLsf] tYof+s pgLx?af6 d}n] n'sfpg g;Sg] ePsfn] nf]Ug]:jf:gL cfhLjg Pscsf{k|lt jkmfbf/ x'G5g\ eGg] d]/f] egfOnfO{ d}n] c? hf]8 lbg] 7fpF lyPg .
g]kfnaf6 ev{/ cfpg] tL ljBfyL{x?nfO{ oxfFsf o'jf lk+9L;Fu 3'nldn x'g s'g} b[li6sf]0fn] klg ufx|f] ePg c/] .
d]/f 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ t ;lhn} eof], cfdfafa' clxn];Dd pgLx?nfO{ ;fFrf] s'/f gatfP/ cWof/f]df /fv]sf] 7flglbP k'Uof] . pgLx?n] /fd|f] cfr/0f ug]{ u?g\ eg]/ ;a} cfbz{} cfbz{sf] sfNklgs g]kfnsf] dfq pgLx?;Fu rrf{ u/]sf] zfob pgLx?n] 7x/fP xf]nf . t/ dnfO{ t yfxf 5 ;xL s'/f . OdfGbf/ eP/ eGbf s]xL c+zdf pgLx?sf] ljrf/ unt t lyPg t/ sltko tYox? t d}n] g} ljZjf; ug{ rflxg / ;lsg klg . o;sf] d s;/L pgLx?;Fu k|ltjfb ug{ ;S5' / < o;sf] c;/ :j?k oxL+ hlGdPsf] d]/f] P3f/ jif{sf] 5f]/fn] ca dnfO{ gkTofpg] eof] .
g]kfn To;df klg sf7df8f}+df x'ls{Psf o'jf ju{n] oxfFsf o'jf ju{sf] eGbf km/s tl/sfn] hLjg g latfPsf] ;'Gbf dnfO{ Psdg ;f/} 9'Ss nfUof] . g]kfn hfg s]xL lxlRsrfpg] oxfF x'ls{Psf o'jfx?nfO{ g]kfn ljb]z gnfUg] eof] . afa'cfdfsf] s/ lagf g} pgLx? g]kfn hfg dg ug]{ eP . t/ csf]{ dgn] clg ulx/f] dgn] ljrf/ ubf{ c? y'k|} If]qdf lgSs} k5fl8 ePsf] xfd|f] b]zdf tL ;a} If]qdf jif}f{+b]lv ljsl;t d'n'ssf ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts hLjg k2lt h:tfsf] t:t} cfoft ePkl5 st} sxL+ kSs} klg c;Gt'ng x'g ;S5 . oxfFaf6 uPsf k]6nfO{ xfd|f] d'n'ssf] kfgL krfpg t ufx|f] x'G5 eg] oqf] l;+uf] ;+:s[lt xfd|f] d'n'ssf] ;fF3'/f] k]6df s;/L kRg ;Snf / eGg] kIf klg Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .
d cfkm}+nfO{ klg jf:tljs g]kfnaf/] ;xL hfgsf/L x'g g;s]sf]df UnfgL x'g yfn]sf] 5 . d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Ln] t dnfO{ c/f]k nufP eOxfNof], pgLx?nfO{ sfNklgs ;dfhsf] ljifodf dfq} hfgsf/L u/fPsf] eg]/ . t/ d}n] b]v]sf], afFr]sf] / clxn] o:t} xf]nf egL ;f]r]sf] g]kfnsf] lrq klg jf:tjdf clxn] ePsf] g]kfn;Fu k6Ss} ldNb}g . ;xL clg cfhsf] g]kfnsf] ;xL cGbfh ug{ g;s]sf]df d klg x'g ;s] cfkm}+nfO{ cf/f]k nufpg] lyPF .
jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ljifodf ;'Gbf g]kfnL kqklqsfdf ePsf ;dfrf/x? k9\bf, g]kfndf ePsf d]/f kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?, glhs}sf ;fyL;+uLx? clg c? ;a} g]kfnLn] lbglbg} ef]u]sf], b]v]sf], ;fdgf ug{'k/]sf] g]kfnsf] lrq klg d}n] b]v]sf], afFr]sf] / em08} tLg bzs cfkm\gf] hLjg latfPsf] g]kfnsf] lrq;Fu st} klg ldNb}g . d]/f 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s] bf]if lbg' / <
d}n] afFr]sf] g]kfn ul/a cjZo lyof], ;+ejtM clxn]eGbf klg a9Ldfqfdf . t/ cfkm";Fu ePsf] Ps5fs vfg 9'Ssn] kfOGYof] . /ftlbg d]nfkft bfp/f, ufpFa]+;L ug'{k/]klg lgw{Ss x'Fb} n}a/L ufpFb} rf}tf/Ldf 9'Ssn] ysfO{ dfg{ kfOGYof] . /f]uAofw clg b"3{6gfdf afx]s s;}sf] d[To' obfsbf eP klg k/fOaf6 dfq x'g] uYof]{ . 3/af6 cfly{s sf/0fn] o'jf, o'jtL ljb]z klg hfGy] t/ pgLx? lglZrt ;dodf, rf8af8df ljbfdf 3/ kmls{g] uy]{ . n'6kf6, rf]/L, 8s}tL, abdf;L k6Ss} gx'g] t klxn] klg lyPg t/ cfkm"n] slxNo} glrg]sf / gb]v]sf cg'xf/af6 To:tf] x'g] uYof]{ .
xfd|f lbbLalxgL, ;+uLgLx?, 5f]/L elthLx?k|lt Gofok"0f{ Jojxf/ / ;dfgtfsf] b[li6sf]0f d}n] 5f]8]sf] / lrg]sf] g]kfndf klg lyPg . t/ lbg bxf8} cfkm\gf cfdfafa's} cufl8 sfvaf6 vf];]/ anTs[t ePsf / dfl/Psf alxgLx?sf] syf ;'lgg] u/]sf] lyPg . ljx] ePkl5 g]kfnL lbbL alxgLn] zf]lift kLl8t hLjg t klxn] klg lgjf{x ug'{ g} kYof]{ t/ lax] ul/Psfs} xftaf6 laqmL x'g'k/]sf] lyPg . sltko 36gfdf t Pp6} dfG5]n] af/Daf/ gSsnL lax] u/]/ y'k|} lbbLalxgLsf] Jofkf/ ug]{ u5{g\ c/] . /f]uL klg xfd|f lbbLalxgLx? y'k|} x'g] uy]{ klxn] klg . t/ csf{sf] s's[Tosf sf/0f 3fts /f]usf] lzsf/ eO{ csfndf dg'{k/]sf] lyPg .
d cfkm}+ g} s;/L ljZjf; u/f}+, d cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ oL ;a} s'/fdf ljZjf; kfg{ ;dy{ 5'Og . d}n] cfkm"nfO{ atfpg] u/]sf] g]kfn / xftsf d]/f aflx/L O{lGb|on] yfxf kfPsf] clxn]sf] g]kfn pxL xf] eg]/ ljZjf; ug{ jf:tjdf d rfxGg klg . g]kfn ljZjsf] ;'Gb/ zfGt / ljzfntfdf klxnf] gDa/df kg]{ s'/fdf zt k|ltzt ljZj:t t d klxn] klg Tolt lyOg t/ To;sf] ljkl/t :jLsfg{ klg d /fhL 5'Og .
d}n] b]v]sf] / ;+lemg] u/]sf] g]kfndf klg ;fgf;fgf s]6fs]6LdWo] w]/} hgfsf afa'cfdf lyPgg\ . w]/} s]6fs]6L /f]uL lyP, w]/}n] k9g\ hfg] cj;/ kfPsf lyPgg\ . w]/}n] csf{sf] 3/df gf]s/, efG;] clg uf]7fnf] a:g'kg]{ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ ;fgf s]6fs]6Lx?n] cfkm\gf] slnnf] zl// k;n yfk]/ af6f] rf}af6f]df a:g'k/]sf] lyPg . lagf sf/0f lagf s;'/ lagf ;"rgf ckxl/t x'g'k/]sf] lyPg . pgLx?sf] slnnf] x[bon] cfkm\g} cfFvf cufl8 afa'cfdf ckxl/t ePsf], bfh'efOsf] xTof ePsf] clg lbbLalxgL anTs[t ePsf] b[Zosf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyPg . o:tf] b]Vg gkg]{n] klg tL ;a} b]Vg ;lsg] ;+efjgfaf/] ql;t x'g'k/]sf] lyPg . /f]uL klg d]/f] d'n'ssf s]6fs]6L klxn]b]lv g} w]/} x'Gy], t/ cfdf jf afa'sf] nfkjf{xLk"0f{ uNtLsf sf/0f 3fts /f]u lnP/ csfndf dg'{k/]sf] lyPg . k]6e/L b'O{ 5fs vfg gkfpg] afnsx? Klxn] klg w]/} lyP t/ Ps} 5fs vfg kfPsf] vfgf g} k"/f ug'{eGbf klxn] cfkm\g} cufl8 cfkm\g} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?dWo] s;}sf] d[To' x'g ;Sg], s]xL ckxl/t x'g ;Sg] clglZrttf lyPg .
ca t d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Ln] eg]sf] s'/f cfkm\g} kl/k|]Iodf klg ;fFrf] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 .
æof t d}n] cfkm\gf] eGg] u/]sf], cfwf hLjg latfPsf] g]kfn / clxn] ;'Gg] u/]sf] g]kfn pxL x}g, of t d Tof] g} g]kfndf geP/ cGt} st} x'ls{PsL x'F .Æ
d klg d]/f 5f]/f5f]/L h:t} cGof]ndf 5' . cflv/ d}n] clxn];Dd /ft/ft el/ ;kgfdf s'g g]kfn b]Vg] u/]sL /x]5' <
d}n] !& jif{;Dd oxfF a:tf klg gkfPsf] ckgTj lbg], ;'/Iffsf] 9'Ss lbg] clg hxfF h] eP klg cfkm\gf] 3/ t 5Fb}5 eGg] e/f];f lbg] g]kfn sxfF uP5 < kl5 kmls{P/ hfg] g]kfn sxfF 5 <
d]/f] sNkgfsf] d]/f] ;kgfsf] clg d]/f] ;+emgfsf] g]kfnn] t dnfO{ PsfGtdf ;fy lbG5, b'Mvdf cfZjf;g lbG5 . clg hlxn] hxfFaf6 hf] uP klg cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/tfn] df]lxt agfpF5, cfkm\gf] zfGtdgn] h:tf] dg klg lztn agfpF5, clg cfkm\gf] ljzfn x[bodf xfF;L xfF;L ;a}nfO{ c6fOlbG5 . ;a}nfO{ :jfut u5{ . ;fFRr} æTof] cs}{ g]kfn x'g'k5{ Æ.