rf}tf/L   clen]vfno

g]kfn / lbuf] ljsf;sf :j/x?

s'df/ of]Ghg
;]K6]Da/ )%, @))@

k|fSsygM

cfhef]nL cfTdlge{/ -lbuf]_ ljsf;sf] ;jfnnfO{ ;a}n] xfjf, kfgL, h}ljs k|ljlw / ljsf;, aGohGt', k|s[lt ;+/If0f cfbL h:tf jftfj/0fsf s'/fx?;+u ufF;]/ p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . / To;}nfO{ d'Vo d'4f agfP/ ljZj ;d'bfon] y'k}| cGt/fli6o ;Dd]ngx? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] klg cfTdlge{/ ljsf;sfaf/]df ljZj ;Dd]ng clkm|sfsf] hf]xfG;ju{df eO/x]sf] 5 / ToxfF ljsf;lzn b]z / ljsl;t b]zx?sf ljr 4Gb rln/x]sf] 5 . Tof] 4Gb jf:tjdf b'a} y/L b]zx?sf cfj:ostf / leGgtfx?sf sf/0f x'g uO/x]sf] xf] / Tof] :jfefljs klg 5 .

t/ o;tf ljZj ;Dd]ngx?sf] k|fo hg:t/af6 eg] lj/f]w x'g] u/]sf] 5 / clxn] klg of] ;Dd]ngsf] lj/f]wdf hf]xG;ju{df hg:t/af6 7'nf] lj/f]w k|bz{g eO/x]sf]] 5 . o;/L o;sf] lj/f]wdf hgan p7\g'sf k5f8L pgLx?sf] egfO 5M 'of] wgLx?nfO{ emg\ wgL / u/LjnfO{ emg\ u/Lj agfpg] of]hgf cGtu{t x'b}5 . o;df u/La hgtfsf] lxtdf s'g} klg s'/f 5}g .x'g klg l/of] ;Dd]ngsf] bz jif{ ljlt;s]sf] 5 t/ To;af6 lgw{g hgtfsf] kIfdf dfvf] klg d/]sf] 5}g .

clxn]sf] kof{j/0fsf] d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] tLa| ultdf x'b} uPsf] xfjfsf] k|b'if0f xf] . clxn] k|b'lift xfjf sf sf/0f dfq k|To]s jif{ tL; nfv dfG5]x? db{5g\ eg] k[YjLsf] a9\bf] tfks|d clxn]sf] ljZjsf] csf]{ d'Vo r'gf}lt xf] . clxn] klg ljZjsf $) k|ltzt dfG5]x? k|b'lift kfgL lkpg afWo 5g

clxn] klg k[YjLsf] jftfj/0fdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg] s'/fdf dfq clxn];Dd ;xdlt ePsf] 5 t/ ljsl;t b]zx?n] cfkm\gf] b]zsf] u|Lgxfp; UofF;sf] k|of]unfO{ sld ug]{ tyf x6fpg]af/] eg] cem} ljjfb sfod} 5 . a}1flgsx?sf] s] dfGotf 5 eg] Tolx UofF;sf] cTolws k|of]usf] sf/0f g} k[YjLsf] tfks|ddf a[l4 cfPsf] xf] . lgw{g /fi6x?sf] s] bfjL 5 eg] k[YjLsf] df}ifddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf nflu kl:rdf ljsl;t b]zx? lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx?n] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?nfO{ jftfj/0f ;'wf/sf nflu cTolws dfqfdf cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 elg/x]sf 5g\ . t/ ljsl;t b]zx? ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df x'g] u/]sf] clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] Uof/]l06 rfxfG5g\ . clxn] klg ljjfb olx g]/ cfP/ cl8\s/x]sf] 5 .

;g\ !((@ df l/of] b h]g]l/of]df ePsf] ljZj k[YjL ;Dd]ng kl5 dfq jf:tjdf cfTdlge{/ ljsf;sf] gf/fn] d't{tf kfPsf] xf] . cfh klg l/of] ;Dd]ngn] kfl/t u/]sf s'/fx? g} lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu cfwf/e't s'/fx? x'g\ eGg] dflgG5 . To;}sf] ljsl;t ?k Sof]6f] ;Dd]ng xf] t/ cfh oL b'a} ;Dd]ng4f/f kfl/t s'/fx? c? vt/fdf k/]sf 5g\ . lsgsL wgL / lgw{g /fi6x?sf Zjfy{x? h'lw/x]sf 5g\ . cfkl; Zjfy{x? 6s/fP;Dd ;femf lxtsf s'/fx? k|fo sd cfFlsG5g\ . clxn] Tolx eO/x]5 .

l/of] ;Dd]ng kl5sf] bz jif{ M

;g\ !((@ df ePsf] l/of] b h]g]l/of]sf] ljZj k[YjL ;Dd]ng (Earth Summit) sf] bz jif{ kl5 hf]xfG;ju{df k'g csf]{ k[YjL ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf /fi6x? clxn] h'6]sf 5g\ . t/ of] bz jif{sf ljr ljZjn] l/of] ;Dd]ngsf] 3f]if0ff kq cg';f/ slt sfd u/] eGg]lt/ xfdLn] x]/\of} eg] lg/fzf dfq xft nfU5 . clxn] ljZjsf] kof{j/0fsf] xfnt l/of] ;Dd]ng ;g\ !((@ sf] t'ngfdf w]/} lau|]/ uPsf] 5 .

clxn]sf] kof{j/0fsf] d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] tLa| ultdf x'b} uPsf] xfjfsf] k|b'if0f xf] . clxn] k|b'lift xfjf sf sf/0f dfq k|To]s jif{ tL; nfv dfG5]x? db{5g\ eg] k[YjLsf] a9\bf] tfks|d clxn]sf] ljZjsf] csf]{ d'Vo r'gf}lt xf] . clxn] klg ljZjsf $) k|ltzt dfG5]x? k|b'lift kfgL lkpg afWo 5g\ . ljZjsf] cfwf eGbf al9 l;d;f/ If]q ;'Vvf If]qdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] To;df cfl>t !),))) eGbf al9 k|sf/sf lhj hGt'x? nf]k eP/ uPsf 5g\ . k|b'lift kfgLsf sf/0f jif]{gL @@ nfv dfG5]x? csfn db{5g\ eg] h+unsf] ljgf; klg clxn] Tolx t'ngfdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(() kl5 dfq @=$ k|ltztsf lx;fjn] h+un jif]{gL ljgf; eP/ uPsf] 5 . clxn] k|To]s jif{ (),))) ju{ lsnf]ld6/sf lx;fjn] h+unsf] ljgf; eO/x]5 . clxn] ljZjsf] b'O ltxfO v]lt of]Uo hldg e':vng tyf v:sbf] pj{/ Ifdtfaf6 k|efljt 5g\ . h+unsf] ljgf;sf sf/0f *)) eGbf al9 k|sf/sf lhj hGt'x? clxn] nf]k eP/ uPsf 5g\ eg] c? !!,))) k|sf/sf lhjx? vt/fdf 5g\ . of] bz jif{sf] ljrdf ljZjsf] hg;+Vofdf klg cf7 ;o ldlnog sf b/n] a[l4 ePsf] 5 h'g ;g\ !(%) sf] eGbf @=% ljlnogn] al9 xf] . olx k|ltztdf a[l4 x'b} hfg] xf] eg] ljZjn] csf]{ bz jif{df csf]{ ljlnog dfG5]sf nflu ufF; / jf;sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

oL tYox?n] ljZjsf] kof{j/0fLo l:yltsf] eofjx lrq k|:t't ub{5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] k[YjL ;Dd]ngn] :jfefljs} ?kdf u+le/ dxTj /fVb5 . t/ clxn] kl/l:ylt o;tf] 5 ls wgL /fi6x? slyt cft+safbsf] gfddf v/jf} 8n/ ;]gf / xltof/df vGofpb} 5g\ eg] lgw{g /fi6x? klg tyfslyt cft+safbsf] Tolx rk]6fdf ePsf] / gePsf] ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ xf/ u'xf/ ub}{ dfgjhfltsf] g/;+xf/sf nflu vr{g tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf lbuf] ljsf;sf] gf/f / o;tf ;Dd]ngx?n] slt dxTj kfpnfg\ Tof] ;xh cGbfh ug{ ;lsG5 . Tolx sf/0f xf] xfd|f k|wfgdGqLHo' klg hf]xfG;ju{ k'Ug' ePg a? xltof/sf nflu a]lNhod r} k'Ug' eof] / Tolxaf6 kms{g' eof] .

g]kfndf lbuf] ljsf;sf cfwf/e't ;jfnx? M

g]kfnsf] at{dfg cj:yfn] lbuf] ljsf;sf :j/x?nfO{ cf]em]ndf kf/]sf 5g\ . u[xo'4df kmF;]sf] b]zsf] nflu To;tf gf/fx? jf:tjdf kmh'n nfUb5g\ / Tof] :jfefljs klg xf] . lsgsL lbuf] ljsf;sf gf/fx? ;fdflhs zflGt, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf b]zdf /fhg}lts l:y/tf ljgf ;kmn x'g ;Dej 5}g . t/ To;sf nflu bf]ifL sf] xf] < Tof] cfh ;+;f/nfO{ huhfx]/ 5 .
jf:tjdf cfTdlge{/ ljsf;sf s'/fx? d'Vo tM lgDg s'/fx?df lge{/ ub{5g\ M
s, ;fdflhs zflGt,
v, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff,
u, /fhlglts l:y/tf /
3, c;n ;/sf/ / ljsf;k|ltsf] bx|f] k|lta4tf

s, ;fdflhs zflGt M

s'g} klg b]zdf ;fdflhs zflGt To;a]nf g} ;Dej x'G5 hj b]zsf ;a} ju{, lnªu, hflt / If]qsf hgtfn] ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf, ;xcl:tTj / ;b\efjsf ljr afFRg kfpb5g\ . Tof] jftfj/0f hj;Dd /fHon] ;a} ju{, hflt, If]q / lnªusf hgtfsf nflu k|bfg ub}{g tj;Dd b]zdf, ;dfhdf cfkl; ;b\efj, ljZjf; / ;dfg x}l;ot k}bf x'b}g . Tof] cj:yfdf /fHon] k|bfg ug]{ ;'ljwf / cj;/x?sf] ;dfg ljt/0f / ;dfg pkef]u klg ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g . To;n] ;dfhdf ju{x?sf ljr c;xh l:yltsf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . clg Tolx+af6 ;dfhdf czflGtsf] ljhf/f]k0f x'G5 . To;}n] To;tf] jftfj/0f tof/ x'g glbg /fHon] ;a} ju{ / If]qsf nflu ;dfg clwsf/, ;dfg :jtGqtf tyf ;xcl:tTjsf] l;4fGtnfO{ c+lusf/ ug'{ kb{5 To:sf] k|Tofe'ltn] dfq /fHon] ;fdflhs zflGt k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 .

at{dfg g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, eflifs Pj+ wfld{s :jtgqtf tyf clwsf/x?sf] k|Tofe'ltnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;a} ju{, If]q, hflt, / lnªusf hgtfn] Tof] ;dfg clwsf/ tyf ;dfg cj;/sf] pkef]usf] x}l;ot ;dfg ?kdf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cfh klg kxf8]sf t'ngfdf dw];L ;d'bfo pk]lIft / x]lkPsf 5g\ . kl:rdsf dxfsfnL s0f{fnL k|b]zsf hgtfn] xfdL klg g]kfnL g} xf} eGg] s'/fsf] cg'ej ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ eg] cfh klg nueu &) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf hghflt, cflbjf;Lx?n] cfkm\gf] wd{, efiff, ;F:s[ltx?sf] /fHo:t/af6 ePsf] pk]Iff Joxf]g{ kl//fv]s} 5 . pgLx?sf] e'ld, hn / h+undflysf] clwsf/x? vf]l;Psf 5g\ / pgLx? s|dzM cfkm\gf] cflb e'ldaf6 wkfOPsf 5g\ . cfwf cfsf; 9fs]/ ;dfh rnfpg] dlxnfx? cem} ;fdflhs e]befj dfq xf]Og sfg'gL e]befj / c;dfgtf ;xg afWo 5g\ . blntx? t emg\ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf ?kdf afFRg ljj; kfl/Psf 5g\ . ltg\n] ;fdfGo cf/If0fsf] clwsf/ ;d]t cem} kfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf clxn] cfkl; ;b\efj / lj:jf;sf] v8]/L 5, c;dfgtf, e]befj / /fHosf] pk]Iffsf sf/0f cj;/x?sf] ;d'lrt afF8kmfF8 / ;xeflutfdf hgtfsf] 7"nf] cfs|f]; ljWodfg 5 . of] v8]/L /x'Gh]n zflGtsf] cfzf lemgf] x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . To;}n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] s'/f ubf{ /fHon], /fhg}lts bnx?n] / gful/s ;dfhn] Tof] e]befj / c;dfgtfsf] vf8n k'g]{ s'/fnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg' kb{5 . To;n] dfq b]zdf ;fdflhs zflGt sfod x'g ;S5, h;n] b]zsf] lbuf] ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'/\ofp5 . of] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu klxnf] / k|fylds zt{ xf] .

v, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff M

/fHosf] csf]{ dxTjsf] sfd eg]sf] cfkm\gf gful/sx?nfO{ x/;Dej /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg' xf] . /f]huf/L pknJw u/fpg g;s]sf] a]nf To;tf gful/sx?nfO{ cfly{s ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'{ xf] / gful/ssf :jf:Yo, lzIff h:tf s'/fx?df a}slNks ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]lG6 ul/lbg' xf] . tfsL gful/sx?n] :jf:Yo, lzIff h;tf] cfwf/e't s'/fx?sf nflu cgfj:os lrGtf lng' gk/f];\ . of] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yfn] hgtfdf /fHok|lt pQ/bflo efjgfsf] dfq ljsf; ub}{g, a? ju{x? ljrsf] vf8nnfO{ cGTo ub}{ n}hfG5 . h;sf sf/0fn] ;dfhdf ljb|f]x jf czflGtsf] u'Ghfo; :jtM sd x'G5 .

kl:rdf b]zx?df /fHon] gful/sx?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nflu vf; lhDd]jf/L lng ;s]sfn] g} ToxfF lbuf] ljsf;sf] s'/fn] klg dxTj kfPsf]] xf] . Pp6f ;fdfGo pbfx/0f lnpmF a]nfotdf Pshgf dlxnfn] ue{jlt ePsf] lbgb]lv eQf kfpF5], Tolt dfq xf]Og ue{df /x]sf] aRrfn] ;d]t eQf kfpF5 . ;'Ts]/L vr{ / ;'Ts]/Lsf] x]/rfxsf] nflu ;'Ts]/L ePsf] Ps dlxgf;Dd nuftf/ kl/rfl/sfsf] Joj:yf /fHon] ul/lbG5 . gful/sx?n] a]/f]huf/ a:g' kb}{g, a]/f]huf/ a:g' k/\of] eg] p;n] a]/f]huf/ eQf kfpFb5 . of] vfnsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yfsf] s'/f xfd|f] h:tf] t];|f] ljZjsf ;/sf/ / hgtfsf nflu t syf h:tf] dfq x'G5 . t/ /fHon] of] vfnsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{ g;s]s}n] xfd|f] h:tf] b]zdf ;fdflhs zflGt sfod x'g ufx|f] ePsf] xf]. To;}n] /fHon] hgtfdfly k|x/L / ;'/Iffansf] cfwf/df zf;g ug]{ ls hgtfnfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt lbP/ cfTdlge{/ ljsf;lt/ 8f]/\ofpg] eGg] s'/f g} cfhsf] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?sf] d'n d'4f xf] .

of] ;To xf] ls ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt ul/lbP cg'?k kl:rdf b]zx?df /fHon] gful/sx?af6 s/ klg bx|} c;'Ng] ub{5. t/ /fHon] To;sf] t];|f] ljZjsf b]zx?df em} b'?kof]u ub}{g. h;sf sf/0fn] gful/sx?sf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf g} k|efj k/f];\ .

u, /fhg}lts l:y/tfM

t];|f] / dxTjk'0f{ cfwf/ eg]sf] b]zdf /fhg}lts l:y/tf sfod x'g' xf] . /fhg}lts l:y/tf /fHon] gful/sx?nfO{ pknJw u/fpg] ;fdflhs zflGt / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf lge{/ ub{5 . Tof] hlt ;'b[9 5 Tolt g} /fHodf /fhg}lts l:y/tf klg ;'b[9 x'G5 . t/ /fhg}lts l:y/tf To;} k|fKt x'b}g, Tof] k|fKt ug{ xfd|f] h:tf] k'FhLjfbf]Gd'v /fi6sf] nflu /fHon] k'/fgf ;a} ;fdlGt lrGtg / cjz];x?af6 d'Qm x'g' kb{5 . slDtdf Go'gtd k'FlhjfbL k|hftGqsf] axfnL cyf{t\ Go'gtd k'FlhjfbL k|hftflGqs clwsf/x?sf] k|Tofe'lt To;sf cfwf/e't zt{ x'g\ . g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] /fhg}lts cl:y/tfsf] hGd Go'gtd k'FhLjfbL k|hftGqsf] k|Tofe'ltsf] ;d:of g} xf] . To;nfO{ xn gu/];Dd g]kfnsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] s'/f klg sf]/f gf/f afx]s s]lx x'b}g . To;}n] g]kfnsf /fhg}lts bn tyf gful/s ;dfhn] To; lbzfdf k|fyldstfsf;fy kxn ug{' h?/L 5 .

k|hftGqsf] cfwf ztflJbsf] n8fO n8]/ klg g]kfnsf /fhg]tf tyf /fhg}lts bnx?n] k|hftGqsf] Go'gtd dd{nfO{ klg ks|g g;s]sf] k|ltkmn g} cfhsf] cj:yf xf] . s'/f r} PsfOzf} ztflJbsf] k'FlhjfbL k|hftGqsf] ug]{ t/ Jojxf/ / lrGtg r} ;qf} ztflJbsf ;fdlGt e'/] 6fs'/] /fhfx?sf] h:tf] af]Sg] ePsfn] g} xfd|f] k|hftGq vt/fdf kb}{ uPsf] xf] . gq eg] !@ jif{df g} k|hftGqsf] of] sGt ljhf]u x'g] lyPg . k|hftGq cfkm}df v/fj xf]Og / x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] g]tfx?sf] cfkm\gf] ;fdlGt lrGtg / Jojxf/df kl/at{g cfhsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df klg Tolts} h?/L 5 .

3, c;n ;/sf/ / ljsf;k|ltsf] bx|f] k|lta4tfM

c;n ;/sf/sf] kl/sNkgf b]zsf] a:t'ut cfwf/df vf]lhg' kb{5 . ;fdflhs zflGt, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /fhg}lts l:y/tf k|Tofe't x'g] jftfj/0fn] g} c;n ;/sf/sf] kl/sNkgf klg ;Dej x'G5 . c;n ;/sf/sf] s'/f ubf{ xfd|f] h;tf] t];|f] ljZjsf b]zx?sf] d'Vo ;d:of g} ;/sf/L e|li6s/0f xf] . e|li6s/0fsf] ;d:of d'n tM ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] cefjn] hGdfpg] ub{5 . / of] d'n tM k|zf;goGqsf dfG5]x?df al9 nfu' x'G5 . To;}n] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] s'/f e|i6frf/ Go'lgs/0fsf ;Gbe{df emg\ dxTjk'0f{ 5 . t/ Tof] eGbf klg dxTjsf] s'/f r} /fhg}lts bn tyf g]t[Tjsf] /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] xf] . e|i6frf/ lj?4 k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ u/LjL lgjf/0fsf] lbzfdf /fhg}lts bn / g]t[Tj -s7f]/tfk'j{s_ u+le/tfk'j{s nfUg] xf] eg] aNn xfd|f] h:tf] b]zdf lbuf] ljsf;sf] 9f]sf v'Nb5 . xfd|f] h:tf] b]zx?df x'g] e|i6frf/ dfq} lgoGq0f ug]{ xf] eg] gful/sx?sf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] OGthfd ug{ /fHon] c?nfO{ u'xfg'{ kb}{g . xfn} clVtof/n] u/]sf] sfjf{xLaf6 klg of] s'/f l;4 x'G5 . @@ hgf ;fdfGo sd{rf/Lsf] 3/af6 5 c/asf] ;DklQ hkmt x'g' rfgr'g] l:ylt xf]Og . of] l:yltdf ljsl;t b]zx?n] cfkm\gf] ;xof]usf] ;b'kof]u xf];\ eGg] rfxfgf /fVg' :jfefljs xf] .

cGtdf M

cfhsf] k|lta4tf To;}n] ;]gf / xltof/sf] vf]hLsf] xf]Og b]zdf emf+luPsf] c;dfgtf, e]befj, clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] pGd'ngsf] xf] . Tof] k|lta4tfsf;fy ;/sf/ cl3 a9\of] eg] / /fhg}lts bnx?n] lxDdtsf;fy Tof] r'gf}ltnfO{ axg ug]{ s;/t u/\of] eg] ljb|f]x cfkm} w'ldn x'b} hfG5 . b]zdf hgtfsf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]lG6, c;dfgtf / e]befjsf] cGTo tyf e|i6frf/sf] pGd'ng eof] eg] ;fdflhs czflGt cfkm} bljP/ hfG5 . To;n] g} b]zsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] 9f]sfnfO{ vf]Nb5 / tj dfq} kof{j/0fsf ofjt ;d:ofx? klg ;r]t k|oTgdf cl3 a9\b5 . xf]Og eg] lbuf] ljsf;sf] gf/f kmut gf/f afx]s s] g} x'G5 / < To;tkm{sf] ?kfGt/0fsf] vfFrf] cfhsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df klg ;To xf] . s] of] s'/fsf] cfzf xfd|f] k':tfn] xfd|f g]tfx?af6 ug{ ;Snfg\ < of csf]{ ljb|f]xL k':tf hGdg' kg]{ xf] <