rf}tf/L   clen]vfno

u[xo'4n] x'sf{pb} nu]sf s]xL ;fdflhs ljklQx?

s'df/ of]Ghg tfdfª
;]K6]Da/ !@, @))@

g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLx?n] hgo'4 z'? u/]sf] ;ft jif{ k'Ubf gk'Ub} To;n] eofjx /fli6o ;+s6sf] ?k lnPsf] 5 . ljut gf} dlxgfb]lv Tof] /fli6o ;+s6 6fNg ;/sf/n] ;+s6sfn lg/Gt/ ?kdf nfu' ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . t/ ;dfwfgsf] 5gs clxn];Dd b]lvPsf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] gf} dlxgfsf] ;+s6sfndf dfq $,))) dfG5]x?sf] Hofg uPsf] 5 eg] $,^(!] hgf sfg'gL sfjf{xLdf k/]sf 5g\ . /Iff dGqfnosf] efb| ( ;Ddsf] tYffªs cg';f/ of] ljrdf !^,#^@ hgfn] cfTd ;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ eg] (@* hgf ckx/0fdf k/]sf 5g\ . o;df dfl/g]x?df #@!% hgf dfcf]jfbL, ^^$ hgf ;j{;fwf/0f, !^& hgf ;}lgs / OG;]ssf cg';f/ @(* hgf k|x/L 5g\ . OG;]ssf cg';f/ of] gf} dlxgfsf] ljrdf k|ltlbg !( hgfsf b/n] g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] xTof ePsf] 5 . of] eGbf eofjx lrq c? s] x'G5 b]zsf] nflu <

g]kfnsf] clxn];Ddsf] Oltxf;nfO{ of] gf} dlxgfsf] g/;+xf/sf] 36\gfn] w]/} u'0ffn] pl5g]sf] 5 / Tof] s|d gf} dlxgfkl5 ;+s6sfn km's'jf ePsf] of] 8]9 xKtfsf ljrdf c? tLa| ePsf]] 5 . of] 8]9 b'O xKtfsf] ljrdf g} em08} kfFr ;o hgf eGbf al9sf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5 . k'gM ;of} dlxnfx? ljw'jfsf] nfddf ylkg afWo ePsf 5g\ eg] c? ;of}+ afn aflnsfx? cgfy, 6'x'/f x'g afWo kf/LPsf 5g\ . :j]R5frf/L lu/km\tf/L, ckx/0f / a]kQf kfg]{ h:tf 36\gfx? t cj ;fdfGo dflgg yflnO;s]sf 5g\ . hgtfdf ;da]bgf z'Gotfsf] l:ylt k}bf ePsf]] 5 . dfgf} oL b}lgs hLjgsf lg/Gt/ k|ls|of x'g\ . otf ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLsf nflu eg] clxn] klg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg 'xTofsf] abnf xTof ePsf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt of] eGbf klxn] slxNo} olt v/fj / eofjx ePsf] lyPg . clxn]sf 36\gfx?n] cfufdL lbgx? cem eofjx x'g] ;+s]t lbO/x]5g\ . of] gf} dlxgfsf] ;+s6sfnsf] ljrdf g} hgtfdf eofjx ?kdf u[xo'4sf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s c;/x? b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ h;nfO{ cj klg xn ug]{lt/ ;f]lrPg eg] cfpFbf] k':tf k'/} ajf{lbdf kl/0ft x'g]5 . u[xo'4n] x'sf{pb} nu]sf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljklQx? cfkm}df sd u+le/ / eofjx 5}gg\ .

s, a]/f]huf/Ldf a[l4 M
;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, of] gf} dlxgfsf] ;+s6sfndf dfq} klg b]zn] w]/} 7"nf] Iflt Joxf]/L;s]sf] 5 . cy{ Joj:yf 8'Jg} nfu]sf] 5 eg] ljsf;sf sfdx? k'/} 7k ePsf 5g\ . e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfn] hh{/ ePsf] b]zsf] cy{tGq / ljsf; ah]6 dfq xf]Og, ljb]lz ;xof]usf ?kdf cfpg] ah]6 klg cj xltof/ / ;}Go vr{df ;lsGb}5 . b]zsf ;fgf 7"nf pwf]u wGbfx? k|fo ;a} aGb ePsf 5g\ eg] ko{6g Joj;fodf &) k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . un}rf, ufd]{G6 h:tf pwf]ux?sf] lgsf;L Jofkf/df klg &) b]lv *) k|ltztn] sld cfPsf] 5 . o;n] b]zdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf a]/f]huf/x?sf] le8 k}bf ub}{ nu]sf] 5 . tL a]/f]huf/ hgtfx? ls t ljb]z knfPg x'G5g\ ls t afWo eP/ ljb|f]xsf] af6f] ;dfTglt/ nfUb5g\ . lsgsL cfly{s ljklQ g} Tof] sf/s xf] h;n] dflg;nfO{ afWofTds ?kdf czflGt / ljb|f]x tkm{ ws]N5 . of] /fi6sf] nflu k6Ss} /fd|f] ;+s]t xf]Og . o;n] cfufdL lbgdf /fi6nfO{ c? cK7of/f]lt/ ws]N5 .

v, o'jfzlQmsf] knfog M
UffpFx? clxn] a:g g;lsg] ePsf 5g\ . cvjf/x?df ufpsfF ufpF dflg;x? ef/tlt/ knfog ePsf vj/x? k|fo ;Fw} k9\g kfOG5 . s;}sf nflu dfcf]jfbLx? vt/f ePsf 5g\ eg] s;}sf nflu ;'/Iff kmf}h c;'/Iffsf] sf/0f ag]sf] 5 . s;}sf nflu b'a} Tolts} vt/f ePsf 5g\ . Tof] lk8f ;xg g;s]/ s;}n] ?vdf em'l08P/ / s;}n] gbLdf xfdkmfn]/ cfTdxTof ug{' k/]sf] 5 . vf; u/]/ o'jf / cwa}+z]x?sf cufl8 Tof] afWotf cfOnfu]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf nflu ufpFdf a;]kl5 ls t dfcf]jfbLsf] plb{ cg'?k lx+8\g' k5{ ls t pgLx?n] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] 808f vfg' k5{ . t];|f] ljsNk clxn] pgLx?;+u 5}g . To;}n] clxn] ufpFx?af6 o'jfx? Eff/L ;+Vofdf knfog x'g afWo ePsf 5g\ / xhf/f} nfvf}sf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx? UffFp 5f8]/ knfog ePsf 5g\ . knfog eP/ ltlgx? ls t zx/ rxfg{lt/ nfU5g\ ls t v'nf l;dfsf sf/0f ef/tlt/ l5b{5g\ . To;} klg b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] cefjsf sf/0f xhf/f} o'jfx? aif]{gL knfog x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cj t /ftf/ft 3/ 5f]8]/ ;of}sf] ;+Vofdf o'jfx? knfog x'b}5g\ / efUb}5g\ b]zaf6 . of] lrq klg /fi6sf nflu sd eofjx 5}g . /fi6sf] phf{ o'jfzlQmsf] of] ef/L knfog /fi6sf] nflu cjio ;'vb s'/f xf]Og.

u, ljw'jf / cgfy afnjflnsfx?sf] a[l4 M
o'4n] ;aeGbf al9 pTkfbg ug]{ eg]sf] ljw'jf / cgfy afn aflnsfx?sf] xf] . jf:tjdf o'4sf] k|efj ;aeGbf al9 cfOdfO dfG5] / afnaflnsfx?df kb{5 . clxn] g]kfndf klg Tolx eO/x]5 . of] ;ft jif{sf] ljrdf 5 xhf/ eGbf al9 gful/sx?sf] csfndf Hofg uPsf] 5 . To;df ^) k|ltztsf] dfq lx;fj ug]{ xf] eg] klg at{dfg o'4n] rf/ xhf/ eGbf al9 ljw'jfx? hGdfO ;s]sf] 5 . ;fnfvfnf Ps kl/jf/sf] b'O ;Gtfgsf] dfq lx;fj ug]{ xf] eg] klg of] ljrdf cf7 xhf/ afn aflnsfx? cgfy eO;s]sf 5g\ . cem p;sf] >ddf afFRg] a[4f cfdf afpsf] ;d]t lx;fj ug]{ xf] eg] To;tf a];xf/f xhf/f} ;+Vof ylkg] s'/f k|i6} 5 . o;n] /fi6sf ;fDg] csf]{ eofjx lrq k|:t't u/]sf] 5 t/ To;sf] ;+/If0f / lhDdf s;n] lng] xf] Tof] cem} sf]/f gf/fdf dfq 5 . cem o'4df 3fOt] ePsf ckfªu ljsnfªux? Slt a9\g] x'g\ Tof] klg clxn]sf] csf]{ a9\b} uPsf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . ;/sf/nfO{ xltof/sf] vf]hL ub}{ / ;}Go zlQmsf] z;lQms/0f ub}{df km';{b 5}g eg] cGo /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ oL ;a s'/fsf] d's bz{s eP/ a:b}df km';{b 5}g . gful/s ;dfhsf dfG5]x? o;sf nflu s/fpF5g\ dfq t/ ug{ ;Sg] lbuf] x}l;ot /fVb}gg\ .

3, dfgl;s /f]uLx?sf] a[l4 M
clxn] jf:tjdf dfgl;s /f]uLx?sf] XjfQ} a[l4 ePsf] 5 .s]lx lbg cl3 dfq bf]nvfsf] Pp6f ;dfrf/n] of] s'/fnfO{ clxn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 -;]K6]Da/ ^, @))@ ;dfrf/ kq_. gf} dlxgfsf] ;+s6sfnn] b]zsf nfvf} gful/sx?nfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . af6f], a;, v]tjf/L, 3/ htftt} eo / cft+s 5 . hgtfn] hxfF tlx+ vfgtnf;L / gfgfy/L wlDs Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . pgLx?n] r'OSs af]Ng / bf]xf]/f] s'/f klg ug{ kfpb}gg\ . vf; u/]/ u|fld0f Onfsfsf hgtfnfO{ o;n] k|ToIf c;/ u/]sf] 5 . cfTd;dk{0f ug]{x? emg\ al9 vt/fdf k/]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ dfcf]jfbLx?sf] 8/ csf{lt/ ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] 8/, 8/} 8/df pgLx?sf] /ft / lbg ljQ} 5 . lbg eGbf /ft pgLx?sf nflu eo+s/ eP/ cfpF5 . To;}n] clxn] ufFpx? /fte/L hfu} a:5g\, r'krfk ljklQx? Joxf]5{g\ / cfFz'df 8'Jb5g\ . clg k|To]s lbg h:tf] le8Gt ePsf] / dfG5] dfl/Psf] dfq vj/ ;'Gg afWo 5g\ / leqleq} cft+lst eP/ afFRg ljjz 5g\ . h;sf] kl/0ffd dfG5]df l8k|];g, kfunkg tyf dfgl;s sdhf]/Lx? b]vfkb{5g\ . sltv]/ sxfF sf] dfl/g] xf] To;sf] s'g} 6+'uf] 5}g . w]/}sf nf]Ug] jf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? To;/L g} cgfxsdf dfl/Psf 5g\ eg] w]/}n] 3/ 5f8]/ efUg' k/]sf] 5 . o;/L dlxgf} / jiff}{;Dd Psf]xf]/f] eo / cft+ssf ljr afFRg' kg]{ eP kl5 dflg;df kfunkg cfpg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . clxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] Tolx kl/0flt ef]Ug' kl//x]5 . o;tf] syf klxn] xfdL c? b]zsf] k9\Yof} t/ clxn] cfkm\g} b]zdf cfkm}n] ef]Ug' kl//x]5 . of] l:ylt cem} nlDaof] eg] b]z dfgl;s /f]uLx?sf] le8df kl/0ft x'G5 . Tof] a]nf xfdL s:tf] b]z agfpg vf]Hb} 5f}+ To;sf] zfob cGbfhf klg ug{ ;lsGb}g .

ª, afn dlit:sdf gsf/fTds k|efj M
u[xo'4sf] rk]6fdf k/]/ cgfy ePsf afnaflnsfx?sf] dl:tisdf k|fo Pp6} s'/f x'G5M abnf of hLjgb]lv lg/fzf jf 8/nfUbf] dfgl;s rk]6f. u'h/ftsf] lx+;fTds b+ufdf k/]sf afnaflnsfx?;+usf] s'/fsfgLdf clwsf+zn] olx s'/f atfP -cfp6n's, d] !#, @))@_. clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] l:ylt klg 7Ls olx 5 . bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf afx]s clwsf+z gful/sx? cfkm\gf] 3/}af6 ckx/0f u/L of pgs} 3/df cfs|d0fdf kl/ dfl/Psf 5g\ . To;sf] k|ToIf c;/ tL 3/x?sf afn aflnsfx?df k/]sf] 5 / Tof] 36\gfnfO{ pgLx? cfkm}n] k|ToIf ef]u]sf 5g\ . To;n] Psflt/ pgLx?sf] dl:tisdf eo / cft+s hGdfOlbPsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ abnfsf] efjgf k|an u/fpb} nu]sf] 5 . ;fy} lbglbg} 36\g] xTof / lx+;fsf ;lrq x'g] ;Grf/ dfWodsf] k|;f/0fn] klg pgLx? h:tf xhf/f}+sf] slnnf] dl:tisdf k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . x/]s lbg pgLx?n] l6 le df b]Vg] nfzx?sf] vft / /utsf] cfnf] b[Zox?n] pgLx?df s:tf] c;/ kf/]sf] xf]nf Tof] ;xh cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ef]lnsf] b]z xfFSg] zlQmsf] of] b'u{lt s] ;'vb s'/f xf]nf <

cGtdfM
oL clxn] eofjx ?kdf b]vf kb}{ uPsf cfd ;d:ofx? x'g\ . oL ;d:ofx?k|ltsf] lrGtf ;dod} gug]{ xf] eg] of] o'4 slxNo} ;dfKt x'g] 5}g . o;n] csf]{ k':tfnfO{ emg\ ljb|f]xL / abnfsf] nflu abnfsf] ck/fwL cfGbf]nglt/ ws]Ng] 5 . To;a]nf zflGtsf] rfxfgf u/]/ klg zflGt sfod ug{ ;Dej x'b}g . clxn] Tof] ajf{lblt/ b]z tLa| ultdf ws]lnb} 5 . clkm|sfsf ?jf08f, s+uf], puf08f h:tf b]zx?df u[xo'4 t /f]lsof] t/ ;fdflhs ?kdf x'g] xTof, lx+;f, n'6kf6 eg] /f]lsPg . clxn] klg clkm|sfsf w]/} b]zx?df uxgfsf ?kdf ;'g rfFbL, lx/f df]ltsf] k|of]u ;Dej 5}g . of] ;a} u[xo'4n] hGdfPsf] lx+;f, a]/f]huf/L / ul/jLsf] kl/0ffd lyof] .

o; ljrdf zflGtsf nflu hg:t/af6 k|of;x? gePsf klg xf]Ogg\ t/ To;nfO{ Ps Ps axfgfdf b'a} kIfn] nTofPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf] Psf]xf]/f] l9KkLn] klg zflGtsf] af6f] 5]s]sf] 5 eg] ;+s6sfnsf] cGTosf] gf/f lbP/ ;+s6sfnnfO{ k6s k6s yKg dfcf]jfbLx? cfkm}n] g} ;/sf/nfO{ afWo kf/]sf 5g\ . clxn] ;txaf6 hgtfn] b]v]sf] / ef]u]sf] s'/f olx g} xf] . t/ cj klg ;/sf/n] ;}Go b+edf a:of] eg] Tof] eGbf 7"nf] b'ef{Uo c? s]xL x'g] 5}g . hgdtsf] sb/ ug{' /fhgLltsf] klxnf] sv/f xf] . To;nfO{ nTofP/ d]/f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6Ssfn] b]z rNb}g . To;}n] cfd hgrfxfgfsf] sb/ ub}{ ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL b'a}n] zflGtjftf{sf] 6]jndf cljnDa cfpg' kb{5 / ;xh ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klxNofpg' kb{5 . xTof, lx+;f / cft+ssf] /fhgLlt s;}sf] nflu klg lxts/ 5}g / x'b}g .