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rf}tf/L
clen]vfno
gofF dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g /fli6"o ;xdlt h'6fpg] cj;/
s'df/ ofq'
d] @( @))$
l;+xb/af/sf] g]t[Tj vfnL ePsf] tLg ;ftf lat]sf] 5 . ;f] l/Qmtfsf] kl/k"lt{
ug{ cfGbf]nt/t kfFr /fhgLlts bnn] ;j{;Ddt pDd]bjf/sf] rog ug]{ ljZjf; ul/Psf]
lyof] t/, t]x| lbg lalt;Sbf klg /fli6"o ;xdlt h'6fpg ;Sg] pDd]bjf/ to ug'{
t k/sf] g} s'/f eof], cfGbf]ng/t bnx¿aLr g} dtdtfGt/ b]lvPkl5 ;/sf/sf]
g]t[Tj ug]{ JolQm rogdf uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg ePsf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 . >L % 1fg]Gb|af6
:jR5 5lj ePsf], @)^! ;fnleq lgjf{rg ;'? ug]{ / ;a} kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg] JolQmTj
k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu cfpg ;fj{hlgs cfx\jfg u/aS;] klg s'g} klg JolQmn] ;f] adf]lhd
bfaL k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . bfaL u/] klg tf]lsPsf] cfwf/e"t dfkb08nfO{
k"/f ug]{ cfwf/ k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;}n] efjL k|wfgdGqL 5gf]6sf nflu
;d:of pTkGg ePsf] cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 .
k|ltlglw;ef gePsf] cj:Yffdf ;j{;Ddt ;/sf/ u7g ug'{ jf:tjdf g} cK7\of/f] ljifo
xf] . lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf Joj:yflksfsf] cefjdf g]kfn clw/fHosf]
;+ljwfgn] Joj:yflksfsf] clwsf/ >L % nfO{ ;'Dk]sf] 5 . ;+;b\ ga;]sf] a]nfdf
>L % af6 cWofb]z hf/L ug]{ ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg oxL lhDd]jf/Lsf] pbfx/0f xf],
h'g cWofb]z ;+;b\n] cg'df]bg ub{5 . oxL cEof;nfO{ clxn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@&
k|of]u u/]/ gofF ;/sf/ u7g ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ljutdf nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb / ;"o{axfb'/
yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf dlGqkl/ifb\ ug{' klg oxL k/Dk/fsf] lg/Gt/tf xf] .
d'n'ssf] hl6n kl/l:yltsf] k[i7e"lddf gofF ;/sf/sf] u7g Pp6f cf}krfl/s ljifodfq
aGg' x'Fb}g . dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofnfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] v'aL / bIftf ePsf] dlGqkl/ifb\
u7g ug]{ sfo{ lgZro g} sl7g ljifo xf] . o;}n] Psflt/ nf]s;Ddltsf] efjgfadf]lhd
;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg] nf]slk|o JolQm vf]Hg'k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ v'aL / bIftf
klg hfFRg' k/]sf] 5 . nf]slk|otf / v'aL Pp6} JolQmdf kfpg d'l:sn k5{ . o;y{
of] kl/l:yltdf ljleGg ljsNktkm{ Wofg lbg' g} k|f;f+lus x'g]5 .
/fli6o cfsf+Iff kl/k"lt{ ug]{ clxn] /fhfsf ;fd' kfFr ljsNkx¿ 5g\
. dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x, ;+;b\jfbL bnsf] c;lxi0f' Jojxf/ / ;fdflhs kIfsf] c;Gt'li6
aLraf6 lgbfg vf]Hg] xf] eg] ;j{kIfLo ;/sf/sf] u7g g} clxn]sf] ljsNkx¿aLrsf]
pQd ljsNk xf] . olb ;j{kIfLo ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g eg] ;fdflhs ax'ntfsf]
cfwf/df ;dfj]zL dlGqkl/ifb\ klg agfpg ;lsG5 . ;j{kIfLo jf ;dfj]zL ;/sf/df @)%^
;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf efu lnPsf bnb]lv :jtGq JolQm;Dd / eflifs, hftLo / wfld{s ;d'bfosf]
k|ltlglw;d]tnfO{ ;xefuL agfpg ;lsG5 .
jt{dfg cj:yf gofF dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ug{] r'gf}tLeGbf klg /fli6o ;xdlt h'6fpg]
cj;/sf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g' /fli6"o cfjZostfcg';f/ x'G5 . o;}n] ;j{kIfLo
;/sf/ agfpg] sfddf /fhf, bn / hftLo, ;+3;+:yf ;d]tn] of]ubfg lbg ;S5g\ . o:tf]
;/sf/ hftLo, n}+lus, ef}uf]lns / k];fut ljleGgtfaf6 agfpg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu
/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xof]uL e"ldsf / ;fdflhs ;+u7gx¿sf] tTk/tf
h?/L x'G5 . o:tf] ;/sf/df s;n] g]t[Tj ug]{ k|Zgdf Pp6f dfkb08leq ;xefuL ePsf
;d"xsf] lg0f{oaf6 jf lj3l6t k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'vsf] kxndf Pp6f lgisif{df
k'Ug ;lsG5 .
t/, o:tf] vfn] ;j{kIfLo ;/sf/ u7g ug{ ;lsPg eg] ;fdflhs ljljwtfaLraf6 ;dfj]zL
cfwf/ agfP/ ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ gofF cfwf/e"ld agfpg' klg csf]{ ljsNk xf] .
o:tf] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLsf] j}rfl/s cfwf/ eTsfpg ;S5 eg] d'n'ssf] /fHoJoj:yfnfO{
/fli6"o :j¿kdf abNg ;S5 . d'n'ssf] ljljwtfaLraf6 wfld{s ;d"x,
hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, dw];L ;xefuL x'g ;S5g\ eg] /fli6"o k|jfxsf] d"nwf/df
pgLx¿ cfpg ;s5g\ . o:tf] ;/sf/ bnLoeGbf klg ax'hftLo :j¿kdf aGg]
ePsfn] of] ;/sf/ ax'kIfLo sfddf h'6\g ;S5 .
olb ;j{kIfLo jf ;dfj]zL ;/sf/ aGg g;Sg] xf] eg] a[xb\¿kdf ;j{bnLo ;/sf/
t];|f] ljsNk x'g ;S5 . @)%^ sf] cfdlgjf{rgnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ hgfwf/nfO{ d"Nof+sg
u/]/ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf efuj08f ug{ ;lsG5 . h'g dlGqkl/ifb\df Go"gtd\ Ps
k|ltzt dt Nofpg] bnnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOof] eg] emG8}emG8} ;j{kIfLo cfwf/nfO{ ;d]6\g
;S5 .
@)%^ sf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] #^=!$ k|ltzt dt NofP/ ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
kf6L{ ag]sf] lyof] t/, ToxL aLraf6 g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ / ;dtf kf6L{
ljeflht eO;s]sfn] ca sf+u|]; 7"nf] bn /x]g . o;}n] sf+u|]; / k|hftflGqs
sf+u|];nfO{ cfwfcfwf efuj08f ubf{ b'j} bnaf6 !*=)& k|ltztsf] ;xefuL dlGqkl/ifb\df
lbOg' ;fGble{s x'G5 eg] kl5Nnf] ljsl;t 36gfqmdcg';f/ Pdfn] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
bn dfGg' Gofof]lrt x'G5 . Pdfn]n] tTsfnLg cj:yfdf #)=&$ k|ltzt dt NofPsf]
lyof] . g]skf -dfn]_ ;d]tsf] PsLs/0faf6 ag]sf] clxn]sf] PsLs[t Pdfn] #&=#*
k|ltzt dtsf] bfa]bf/ ag]sf] 5 tyflk b]jL cf]emf, ;lndldof cG;f/L, /fwfs[i0f
d}gfnLsf] alxu{dg / p;sf c;+Vo sfo{stf{sf] dfcf]jfbL knfogn] ;f] l:ylt sfod
5 eGg ;lsGg . t/ klg csf]{ cflwsfl/s cfwf/ geP;Dd Pdfn]nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
bnsf] ¿kdf ;xefuL agfpg' plrt x'G5 . To;kl5 t];|f] 7"nf] bn /fk|kfsf]
efudf !#=$& k|ltzt kg{ hfG5 . tTsfnLg lgjf{rgdf !)=!$ k|ltzt dt NofPsf]
/fk|kfdf csf]{ /fli6"o dfGotf k|fKt kf6L{ /fk|kf -rGb_ klg ldl;Psfn] o;sf]
x}l;ot !#=$& k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 .
oLafx]s ;b\efjgfsf] #=!# k|ltzt, /fli6"o hgdf]rf{ / ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{sf]
;ld>0faf6 ag]sf] hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf] @=@! k|ltzt, hgd'lQm kf6L{sf] !=)&
k|ltzt / g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf] )=%% k|ltztsf] hgfb]z;d]tnfO{ ;dfg'kflts
;xefuL u/]/ Pp6f ;j{bnLo ;/sf/ agfpg ;lsG5 . oL afx]ssf bnn] !@ xhf/ dt klg
gg3fPsfn] oL ;a} bnnfO{ :jtGq ;d"xdf /fv]/ Pp6f ;j{kIfLo cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5
. o;af6 Pp6f ljsNk aGg ;S5 . oL bndWo] s;n] g]t[Tj ug]{ eGg] ;jfndf 7"nf]
bnsf] x}l;otn] Pdfn]nfO{ cu'jf agfpg a]; x'G5 To;df ;xdlt h'6fpg g;lsP ;j{bnLo
;Dd]ngn] 5gf]6 ug'{ klg k|hftflGqs x'G5 .
;j{bnLo ;/sf/ aGg g;s] Psdfq ;fgf] cfwf/ /fli6"o kf6L{x¿sf] ;+o'Qm
;/sf/ agfpg' klg csf]{ ljsNk xf] . /fli6"o kf6L{df lgjf{rg cfof]un] dfGotf
lbPsf] g]skf -Pdfn]_, g]kfnL sf+u|];, k|hftflGqs sf+u|];, /fk|kf / ;b\efjgf
kb{5g\ . o;df klg g]t[Tjsf] ljjfb ePsf] v08df cNkdt / ax'dtsf] cfwf/df ltgLx¿leqaf6
jf aflx/af6 g]t[Tj rog ug{ ;S5g\ .
t/, oL rf/j6} ljsNk klg sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf >L % af6 g} csf]{ ljsNk
vf]hL ul/aS;g'kb{5 . Tof] ljsNk eg]sf] >L % sf] g]t[Tjdf jf ;dfhdf k|a'4
JolQmsf] g]t[Tjdf ;Nnfxsf/ d08n agfP/ lgjf{rg u/fpg] xf] . ;j{kIfLo, ;dfj]zL,
;j{bnLo, /fli6"o kf6L{sf] ;d]t ;/sf/ aGg g;Sg] xf] eg] nfdf] ;do;Dd ;/sf/ljxLgtfsf]
l:ylt /fVg'eGbf sfdrnfp ;Nnfxsf/ d08n agfP/ d'n'ssf] b}glGbg sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{
/ lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff u/]/ ;f] adf]lhd sfd yfNg'k5{ . ;+s6nfO{ nDafP/ ;+s6sf cfo'
yKg'eGbf ljsNksf] k|of]u ug{' g} lgsf; x'g ;S5 .
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