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@)%( c;f]h !%
b]zdf /fhtGqjfbL / k|hftGqjfbL zltmx? aLr rln/x]sf] u[xo'\4sf] eLif0ftf, Jofkstf
/ b'/ufdL dxTjnfO{ l9n} ePklg dWojtL{ ;+;bjfbL zltmx?n] :jLsfg'{\ s]xL ;do otfsf]
lgs} dxTjsf] /fhg}lts 36gfqmd x'\g k'\u]sf] 5 f oxL c;f]h !# ut] lj3l6t ;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ftj6f /fhg}lts kf6L]{x?n] jt{dfg u[xo'\4sf] cj:yfdf cfufdL
sflt{s @& ut] x'\g] elgPsf] dWofjlw lgjf{rg ug{ ;Dej gePsf] ;j{;Ddltn] :jLsfb}{
To;sf] ljsNkdf csf]{ s'\g} …;+ljwfg;DdtÚ lgsf; vf]Hg] lg0f{o u/]af6 ;f] s'\/fsf]
k'\i6L ePsf] 5 . k/Gt'\ qmflGt / k|ltqmflGt eLif0f /Qmkftk"0f{ 9+un] 6Ss/fO
/x]sf] of] P]ltxfl;s 38Ldf slyt {;+ljwfg;DdtÚ lgsf; vf]Hg] s'\/fn] eg] cfd hg;d\bfodf
Jofks lh1f;f pTkGg ug'\{ :jefljs ePsf]5 / To;jf/] ;fj{hlgs rrf{ ug\{ h?/L ePsf]5
.
cflv/ {;ljwfg;DdtÚ lgsf; eg]sf] s] xf] < s] ljZj Oltxf;df u'0ffTds /fhg}lts
kl/jt{gx? {;ljwfg;DdtÚ tl/sfn] ePsf] s'g} pbfx/0f 5 < xfd|f] cfkm\g} b]zsf @))&
;fn / @)$^ ;fnsf ;'wf/fTds kl/jt{gx? klg {;ljwfg;DdtÚ k|sf/n] ePsf x'g / < s]
;+ljwfg eg]sf] ju{lg/k]If, ;j{sflns, ckl/jt{gLo h8j:t' xf] < clg jt{dfg ;+ljwfg
s'gs'g ju{ / /fhg}lts zlStx? aLr zltm jfF8kmfF8sf] b:tfj]h xf] / ljut !@ jif{
/ vf;u/L ut & jif{df b]zsf] juL{o tyf /fhg}lts zltm ;Gt'ngdf s] s:tf] km]/jbn
cfPsf]5 t < oL / oL;Fu ;+DjlGwt cGo k|Zgx?af/] klxn] k|i6 ge} b]zdf s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] /fhg}lts lgsf; lg:sg ;Sb}g eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb5 .
;j{k|yd s] k|i6 x'g'kb{5 eg] cfh b]zdf juL{o lx;fjn] d"nt ;fdGtL /fhtGqjfbL
/ k"FhLjfbL k|hftGqjfbL zltmx? aLrdf P]ltxfl;s u[xo'2 rln/x]sf] ePklg /fhg}lts
lx;fan] b]zsf] zltm;Gt'ng /fhtGqjfbL, ;+;bjfbL / qmflGtsf/L hgjfbL u/L tLg v]dfdf
ljeflht /x]sf] 5 . o;/L ;fdGtjfb / k"lhjfb jLrsf] d"ntM l¢kIfLo P]ltxfl;s n8fOFdf
;fdGt, k"'lhklt / ;j{xf/fju{x?s]f d"ntM lqkIfLo pkl:ylt / ;+nUgtfn] n8fOFdf
s]lx h6Lntf / cGof}n v8f u/]sf] 5 / clxn]sf] {lgsf;Ú ;DjGwL ljjfb klg ;f/df
To;}sf] cleJoltm xf] . o;nfO{ cem} k|i6 ?kdf o;/L klg eGg ;lsG5 ls k/Dk/fut
e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfsf] jndf l6s]sf] ;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 gjul7t hgdl'tm;]gfsf] jndf
;j{xf/fju{ (;fydf ls;fg / Go\g-k"'lhklt ju{-n] d]frf{ sl;/x]sf] 5 eg] hGdhft
ckf+u / sdhf]/ k"Flhkltju{ rf+lx+ aLrdf csd{0o jg]/ 9'nd'nfO/x]sf]5 . ;fy} oL
tLgyl/ juL{o tyf /fhg}lts zltmx?sf jLrdf P]ltxfl;s ?kn] Ps csf{;+u leGg leGg
dfqfdf Pstf / ;+3if{sf] ;DjGw klg 5 . km]l/ jt{dfg ;fd|fHojfbsf] o'u / xfd|f
]h:tf] I]fqLo lj:tf/jfbn] 3]/]sf] ljlzi6 e"\-/fhg}lts l:yltdf aflx/jf6 ;fd|fHojfb
/ lj:tf/jfbsf] x:tIf]ksf] sf/0fn] klg oL tLg yl/ zltmx? jLrsf] /fhg}lts ;dLs/0fdf
pNn]vgLo / slxn]sfxL+ t lg0ff{os c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ;fdGtL, k"FlhjfbL
/ ;j{xf/fjfbL zltmx?sf] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg :jfy{ cfk;sf 6Ss/fpg] / oL tLg}yl/n]
cfÎgf] xft dfly kfg{ cGo b'OdWo] PsnfO{ cfkm\gf] kIfdf tfGg] sf]lzz ug]{ x''gfn]
/fhg}lts 36gfqmdx?n] a]nfavt gf6sLo df]8 lng] u/]sf] tYonfO{ ;a}n] 7Ls ;Fu j'em\g'
kb{5 .
k/Gt' oxL+ g]/ k|i6 x'g'kg]{ csf]{ c;fWo} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] x]f eg] k|s[lt /
;dfhsf 36gfk|lqmofx? xfd|f]] :jtGq OR5f eGbf 5'§} j:t'ut lgod cg';f/ ;+rflnt
x'g] ub{5g\ / dfG5]sf] ;r]t k|oTgn] Tof] lgodnfO[{ g} abNg] xf]Og ls To;sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] ultnfO{ l56f] jf l9nf] dfq ug{ ;Sb5 . To;}n] ;fdGtjfb lj/f]wL k"FlhjfbL
hgjfbL qmflGtsf] jt{dfg P]ltxfl;s r/0fdf oL tLg yl/, cyf{t ;fdGtL, k"FlhjfbL
/ ;j{xf/fjfbL, zltmx? aLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGwsf] xsdf klg slta]nf sf];Fu Pstf jf
;+3if{ ug]{ eGg] s'/f s;}sf] :jtGq OR5fdf e/ gk/]/ tTsfnLg P]ltxfl;s cfjZostfdf
lge{/ ub{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;DalGwt ;j}n] /fd|/L j'Emg' h?/L 5 . To; lx;fan] of]
Pp6f Hofb} v'zLsf] s'/f xf] ls g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cu|ultsf] d'Vo jfwssf] ?kdf /x]sf]
;fdGtL /fhtGqsf lj?å k"FlhjfbL ;+;bjfbL zltmx? / ;j{xf/fjfbL hgjfbL zltmx? aLr
tTsfn Pstfdf d'Vo hf]8 lbg' k5{ eGg] r]tgf ;DalGwt b'j} kIfdf k|jn jGb} u}/x]sf]5
. k/Gt' To;df cem} klg s]xL c:ki6tf / cfz+sfx? /x]sf 5g\ / To;}sf] kmfObf p7fP/
;fdGtL / ;fd|fHojfbL ÷lj:tf/jfbL zltmx?n] {km'6fp / /fh u/Úsf] sfo{gLlt cjnDjg
ug{] sf]lzz ul//x]sf 5g . o;} ;Gb{edf xfdL xfd|f ;+;bjfbL ldqx?nfO {k'gM Psk6s
s] :ki6 kfg{ rfxG5+f+} eg] g]kfnsf] lk5l8Psf] cw{-;fdGtL / cw{-cf}klgj]l;s ;+/rgf
/ ;+j]bgzLn e"\-/fhg}lts l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} xfdLn] tTsfn b]zdf k"FlhjfbL
k|hftGqnfO{ k"\0f{tf lbg] sfo{gLltnfO{ k"\0f{ OdfGbfl/tf / uDeL/tfsf;fy sfof{Gjog
ul//x]sf5f} / To;df yk cfz+sf jf cljZjf; ul/of] eg] To;n]] ;fdGtL /fhtGqjfbL
zltmx?nfO{ g} jn k'/\ofpg]5 , h;sf] 3fts kl/0ffd @))& ;fnb]lv xfdL ;a}n] ef]lu/x]sf5f}+
h;n] Oltxf;sf] lgod / cfjZostf eGbf aflx/ uP/ rnfsL ,if8oGq ,hfn´]n / u2f/L
u5{ p;sf] xljut s]z/h+u /fodf´L ,t'n;L lu/L / z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfsf] h:tf] x'G5
eGg] ;a}sf] ;fd'Gg] 5n{u+ 5b}5 .
ca s]lGb|t xf]pF slyt ;+ljwfg;Ddt lgsf;sf] s'/flt/ ;+;bjfbn] kIfkf]if0f ug]{
cf}krfl/s k|hftGq / v'nf /fhg}lts hLjgsf] kl/lwleqaf6 {;ljwfg;DdtÚ lgsf;sf]
s'/f ug{' kg]{ jfWotfnfO{ tTsfn :jLsfb}{ xfdL xfd|f ;+;bjfbL ldqx?nfO{ s] eGg
rfxG5f+} eg] h;nfO{ hlt;'s} clk|o nfu] klg b]zsf] clxn]sf] j:t'ut oyfy{ oxL
xf] ls cj b]zdf slyt { ;+ljwfg;Ddt Ú lgsf;sf] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g . cj klg {;ljwfg;DdtÚ
lgsf;sf] s'/f ug'{' ls t 3f]/ c1fgtf x'G5 ls t gf+uf] kfv0+8 . lsgls ha jt{dfg
;ljwfgsf ;a} af6f / ‰ofn9f]sfx? JaGb e};s]sf 5g\ eg] ljz'4 cfb{zjfbL 9+un] jf
kfgLd?jf tfnn] { ;+ljwfg;Ddt Ú lgsf; eGg' Pp6f jf csf]{ k|sf/sf] u}/- ;+j}wflgs
lgsf;nfO{ clu|d j}wflgstf lbg' dfq} xf] . casf] ljsNk eg]sf] {;ljwfg;Ddt lgsf;Ú
geP/ {cu|ufdL u}/- ;j}wflgs lgsf; Ú ls {k|ltufdL u}/-;j}wflgs lgsf; Ú eGg] dfq}
xf] . clnslt klg /fhg}lts ;'´a'´ ePsf] dfG5]n] låljwf/lxt 9u+n] a'em\g' kb{5
ls gf/fo0flx6L sf08b]lv ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff / ;]gf kl/rfng x'b} ;+;b lj36g;Dd cfOk'Ubf
@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg k'/} sfuhsf] vf]i6f]df kl/0ft e};s]sf] 5 / ca sflt{s @&
ut] r'gfjsf] gf6s d+rg ul/P klg jf gul/P klg ;f] ;+ljwfgsf] v'Nnf bfx;+:sf/
x'g dfq afFsL 5 . of] l:yltdf slyt wf/f- !@& sf] k|of]uaf6 ;+;b k'g{:yfkgf xf]nf
jf cGo sg} {;+ljwfg;Ddt Ú lgsf; lg:s]nf eGg' d/]sf] 5f]/f]sf] lbg ug]/ a:g'
h:t} xf] . ha ;fdGtL b/jfl/of zltmx?n] ljut 8]9 jif{b]lv ;r]t 9+un] @)$& sf]
;'ljwfgnfO{ c+z c+z ub}{ lgn]/ wf/f-!@& dfq afFsL /fv]sf 5g eg] ca pgLx?n] ToxL
wf/f k|of]u u/]/ ;f] ;ljwfgsf] cfTdf / z/L/ b'a}nfO{ Jo"'FtfO{b]nfg\ eGg] cfzf
ug{' sfl6Psf] e+};Ln] s;fO{af6 hLjgbfg vf]Hg' h:t} xf:of:kb / d"\v{tfk"0f{ ;f]r
x'Gg / < cflv/ ca csf]{ { ;ljwfg;DdtÚ af6f] s'g 5 / < ;fdGtL b/jfl/of tTjx?sf]
lgufxn] ;j{bnLo jf ax'bnLo cGtl/d ;/sf/ aGg] / To;n] csf]{ tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
;+;bLo lgjf{rg u/fpg] eGg] cfzfdf afFRg' eg]sf] @))& ;fnb]lv @)!% ;fn;Ddsf s7k'tnL
u+uf-hd'gL ;/sf/x? dfkm{t\ b/jf/n] cfkm\gf] zltm ;'b[9 u/]sf] s6' cg'ejaf6 k6Ss}
kf7 l;Sg g;Sg' x'Gg t < To;}n] ca Ps dfq { {;+j}wflgs Ú ljsNk afFsL /x]sf] elgPsf]
wf/f-!@& sf k|of]uaf6 {;+ljwfg;DdtÚ xf]Og 3f]/ {k|ltufdL u}/-;+j}wflgs lgsf;Ú
dfq lg:sg] af/] s'g} klg ;Rrf k|hftGqjfbLdf s'g} e|d k6Ss} /x'g x'b}g .
of] l:yltdf b]z / hgtfk|lt k|ltj4 /fhg}lts zltmx? , ;+3-;:yfx? / Joltmx?n] kxn
cfÎgf] xftdf lnP/ ;fd'lxs 9+un] cu|ufdL /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg' afx]s csf]{ ljsNk
5Fb}5}g . a[xb uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng dfkm{t\ cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g ug]{ / lglZrt cjlwleq
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/]/ gofF k|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yf nfu" ug{ ;+;f/sf] s'g}
klg tfutn] xfdLnfO{ 5]Sg ;Sb}g . sltkonfO{ nfUg ;S5- Tof] k|lqmof {;ljwfg;Ddt
ÚePg . cflv/ {;ljwfg;Ddt Úeg]sf] s] xf] < s] k"FlhjfbL dfGotf cg';f/ ;'ljwfg
eg]sf] hgtfsf] ;fd'lxs OR5f zltmsf] ;jf]{Rr cleJoltm elgPsf] xf]Og < clg jt{dfg
;+ljwfgn] g} g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ {;fj{ef}d;Ttf ;DkGgÚ wf/f-#) eg]sf] xf]Og < g]kfnL
hgtf / ltgsf k|ltlglwx?n] :j]R5fn] s'g} ;fd'lxs lg0f{o ub{5g\ eg] Tof] eGbf
7"nf] {;+ljwfg;Ddt Ú{jf {j}wflgsÚ s'/f csf]{ s] x'g ;S5 < olb k'/fgf] ;+ljwfgsf]
cd's wf/f jf k|fjwfg cGt{ut dfq} gofF ;+ljwfg ag]df Tof] {;ljwfg;Ddt Ú x'G5
eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] eg] jt{dfg ljZjsf ;a} k|hftGqjfbL b]zx?sf ;+ljwfgnfO{ / xfd|f]
cfkm\g} b]zsf] jt{dfg ;ljwfgnfO{ ;d]t {c;+j}wflgs Ú eGg' kg]{ x'G5 xf]Og / <
To;}n] k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] To:tf] ljt08fk"0f{ s'ts{sf] e|ddf gk/L ;a} k|hftGqjfbL
zltmx?n] s] s'/f b[9tfk"j{s cfTd;ft ug'{kb{5 eg] qmflGtn] cfkm\gf] j}wflgstf
cfkm}+ k|fKTf ub{5 / clxn] xfdL g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] o'ufGtsf/L qmflGtsf/L r/0fdf
ePsfn] xfdLn] ;fd'lxs ?kdf rfNg] s'g} klg sbd :jtM {;ljwfg;Ddt Ú x'G5 , lsgsL
xfdL hgtf :jo+ ;fj{ef}d 5f}+ .
hxfF;Dd To:tf] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng s;n] , sxfF , s;/L cfof]hgf ug{] eGg] s'/f 5 ,Tof]
;fdfGo k|fljlws ljifo x'gfn] To;sf] ;xh} lgSof}{n ug{ ;lsG5 . ha xfd|f] b]zJofkL
Jofks hgcfwf/ 5 / xfdL;Fu e/f}6] zfxL ;]gfnfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;Sg] cfkm\g} ;z:q hgd'ltm
;]gf 5 eg] ltgsf] cf8df xfdLn] b]zsf] s'g} klg efudf s'g} klg a]nf j[xb uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng ug{ ;S5f}+ . :d/0f /xf];\ j]nfotsf] /Iff ljefun] xfn} tof/ u/]sf]] uf]Ko
k|ltj]bgdf k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] lgoGq0f ca sf7df08f} pkTosfdf dfq ;Lldt /xg uPsf]
/ Tof] s'g} klg a]nf lj3l6t x'g ;Sg] tYo :jLsfl/]Psf] 5 . To;}n] xfd|f sf7df08f}
/ zx/ahf/ s]lGb|t ;+;bjfbL ldqx? / ltgsf ljrf/ lgdf{0fstf{ jl'4hLjL tyf ;+rf/sd{{{L{x?n]
s]xL ;do pkTosfjflx/ uP/ j:t'ut w/ftnsf] oyfy{ d"Nof+sg ug{] / sd;]sd s]xL dlxgf
e"ldut x'g] jf h]n hfg] cfF6 ug{] xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] jiff+}{b]lv k|tLIff
u/]sf] cu|ufdL k|hftflGqs lgsf; l5§} e]§fpg ca s'g} ufx|]f 5}g . a[xb uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng dfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfsf ;Rrf k|ltlglwx?n] gofF /fhg}lts lgsf; vf]Hg] / '+;+ljwfg;ef
dfkm{t gofF ;ljwfg lgd{f0f ug]{]]]]] s'/fsf] cf}lrTo / dxTj o; s'/fdf 5 ls To;/L
dfq s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf lgdf{0f ePb]lv clal5Gg ?kdf ;fdGtL b/jf/df lglxt /xb} cfPsf]
{/fhsLo;QfÚ Jojxfl/s ?kdf g]kfnL hgtfdf x:tfGtl/t x'g]5 / g]kfndf k"FlhjfbL
k|hftGqn] k"0f{tf kfpg]5 . oFxf Wofg lbg of]Uo s'/f of] 5 ls @)$& sf] ;ljwfgsf]
wf/f-# n] æg]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /xg]5Æ eg] klg To;sf] nuQ}kl5
æh;sf] k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 Æ eg]/ To;nfO {s'l07t u/]sf]5
eg] slyt {ckl/jt{gLoÚ elgPsf] {Kf|:tfjgfÚ df æxfdLaf6 k|of]u e} cfPsf] /fhsLo;Qfsf]
k|of]u ul/jS;L of] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg sf] 3f]if0ff u/L nfu" ul/aS;]sf5f}+Æ
eg]/ /fhsLo ;Qf c´} b/jf/df g} s]lGb|t /x]sf] pb3f]if ul/Psf]5 . To;}n] clxn]
h;n] hlt;'s} 3fF6L ;''Sg]u/L lrRofP klg @)$& sf] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ g]kfnL hgtf
k"0f{?kn] ;fj{ef}d ag]sf 5}gg\ ,h;sf] kl/0ffd ljut !@ jif{n] b]vfO{;s]sf]5 ,/
ca Tof] lqkIfL -cyf{t /fhf ,sfu]|; ,Pdfn]_ ;D´f}tf elgPsf] b:tfj]hsf] Dofb ;lsPsf]
k|dfl0ft e};s]sf]5 . ;fy} )$^÷)$& ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngsf] pknJwLsf] /Iff ug]{ eg]sf]
To;df /x]sf sdLsdhf]/L / ck"0f{tf x6fP/ To;nfO{ c´} ;Dj[4 agfpg] xf] eGg] klg
;a}n] aem\g' h?/L 5, lsgls gjhft lzz'nfO{ x's{g glbO{ pxL hGd]s} cj:yfdf /fVg
vf]Hg' eg]sf] j:t'tMlzz'sf] xTof ug{' g} xf]Og / < vfzu/L Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjd08nLn]
of] ;xhj'l4 slxn] k|fKt unf{
To;}n] xfdL eG5f+}- b]zdf cj slyt {;+ljwfg;DdtÚ lgsf;sf] s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g .
Tof] cj {;+ljwfg Ot/ Ú dfq x'g] lglZrt 5 / To;df cu|ufdL jf k|ltufdL lgsf;sf]
Pp6f ljsNk 5fGg] :jtGqtf dfq ;a}nfO{ k|fKt 5 .
-gf]6M /fhfsf] zfxL 3f]if0ff cl3 g} tof/ kfl/Psf] of] n]v kf7sx?sf nflu ;fGble{s
g} xf]nf eg]/ xfdLn] oxfF k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . h'g;'s} ljrf/x? klg :jtGq /fVg
kfpg] xfd|f] k|sfzgsf] gLlt cg'?k xfdLn] of] n]v k|sflzt u/]sf xf}+ ._
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