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æxfdL ;a} Ps eP/ cft+sjfb lj?4 n8\g'k5{Æ
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h'nfO{ @, @))@
ef/tdf n's]/ g]kfndf cft+s dRrfpg] dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n8\g ;/sf/ dfq} geP/ ax'bnLo
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?, jf}l4sju{ / ;dfh ljsf;sf cu|;/ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?
Ps eP/ af}l4s ;fdflhs, cfly{s / g}lts n8fOF n8\g' clxn]sf] clgjfo{tf xf] . x'g
t s]xL ;docl3 ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] dfcf]jfbL lj?4sf] ;j{bnLo
a}7s / Jofks hg;xefuLtfd"ns cfd;efnfO{ dfcf]jfb lj?4sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{
c+z dfGg ;lsG5 .
g]kfnsf g]tfx?n] :ki6tM a'em\g'k5{ b]z /Qmkftdf 8'j]sf] a]nf hgtfx?sf] zflGtsf]
;fy afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf nflu Ps h'6 eO{ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ g]kfnL e"dLaf6
k/f:t kfl/g'k5{ . s'g} klg /fHodf hgtfsf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL lbg' ;/sf/sf]
klxnf] bfloTj xf] .
t;y{, ;Dk"0f{ g]tfx?n] hgkl/rfng ub}{ dfcf]jfb lj?4 Ps eP/ n8]sf] v08df
cfufdL @,$ jif{leq} dfcf]jfbsf] h/f g]kfnaf6 pv]lnP/ kmflng] lglZrt k|foM 5
. dfcf]jfbsf] ;fDojfbL cft+sjfbn] dfgj :jtGqtfnfO{ u+eL/ vt/fdf kf5{, h;nfO{
/f]Sg' h?/L 5 / dflg;x?nfO{ ;+emfpg cfjZos 5 . dflg;x?sf] cfly{s ljsf; dfgjLo
:jtGqtf / sfg'gL /fHodf dfq} ;+ej x'G5 . dfcf]jfbLx? ;Qfdf k'Ugsf nflu ul/ax?
/ o'jf a]/f]huf/ o'jf o'jtLx?nfO{ dg{ / dfg{ afWo kfg]{ slyt ;d"x xf] h;nfO{
dfgj ;Eotf / :jtGqtfsf] /Iff ug]{ x/]s JolQmn] /f]Sg' k5{ .
;+;f/e/sf /fHox? a9LeGbf a9L :jtGqtf, cfly{s ljsf; zflGt / sfg"gL /fHo
Joj:yfsf] kIfdf plePsf] s'/fn] s'g} klg vfnsf ;fDojfbL, hflto, wfld{s / /fhgLlts
cft+ssf] k|ltzf]w u5{ eGg] s'/fdf b'O{ dt x'g ;Sb}g . cft+sjfb g/;+xf/sf] ljkIfdf
dflg;x? z;Qm / alnof] 9+un] cufl8 a9]df dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ Gofosf ;fd' Nofpg sl7g
x'Fb}g . ;Qfsf nflu dfG5] dfg{ kfOb}g eGg] efjgfnfO{ xfdLx?n] z;Qm 9+un] cufl8
a9fpg' k5{ .
/fhgLlts kf6L{x?aLrsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs, cfly{s hfu/0f / o'jf ju{nfO{ /f]huf/L
/ g}lts lzIff g} To:tf] c:q xf] h;sf] dfWodaf6 cft+sjfb lj?4sf] n8fOFdf g]kfnn]
;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;S5 . ljz]if u/]/ ;]K6]Da/ P3f/ kl5 cd]l/sfn] cft+sjfb lj?4
z'? u/]sf] n8fOF / ;f] cft+sjfb u7aGwgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]vfPsf] P]Soj4tfsf sf/0f
klg cft+jfb lj?4 n8\g g]kfnn] cd]l/sL ;xof]u kfpg] lglZrt 5 . xfn} a'; k|zf;gn]
cfkm\gf] km]8/n ah]6nfO{ cft+jfb lj?4sf] ;}lgs sf/jfxLsf nflu ;QfO; k|ltztn]
j[l4 u/]sf] 5 h;cGtu{t g]kfnn] cfGtl/s ;'/Iff / cft+jfb lj/f]wL ;}lgs vr{sf
nflu ;xof]u kfpFb}5 h'g s'/f cft+sjfb lj?4 nl8/x]sf] g]kfnsf] nflu ;sf/fTds
kIfsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . k|hftGq / ;fj{ef}ldstf hf]ufpgsf nflu klg cft+sjfb lj?4
g]kfnn] ljho xfl;n ug}{ k5{ t/ cft+sjfb lj?4 n8\g] sfd eg] ;lhnf] x'g ;Sb}g
.
jt{dfg ljZjdf hlt klg dfcf]jfbsf] slyt cfGbf]ngx? ePsf 5g\ To;n] Pp6} s'/f s]
klg b]vfp5 eg] oft of] ;d"x jj{/ xTof / cft+ssf] dfWodaf6 ;j{xf/fju{sf]
vf]qmf] gf/f lbP/ hgtfx?df e|d km}nfpg] sfd u5{ of a9L eGbf a9L dfG5] df/]/
kq klqsfx?df cfkm"nfO{ rlr{t agfpg rfxG5 . ;fDojfbL of dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngx?
ljZjaf6 g} slt;Dd c;kmn ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;g\ !*&! sf] k]l/;sf] ;fDojfbL
cfGbf]ng, !(!& sf] ;f]leot ;+3sf] ;fDojfbL cfGbf]ng k"jL{ hd{gLsf]
;g\ !(!( b]lv !(@# sf] cfGbf]ngx?sf] ktgn] klg k|i6 kf5{ . Pp6f dxTjk"0f{
s'/f of] ;fDojfbL cfGbf]ngx? c;kmn x'g'sf] k5fl8 s] klg xf] eg] of] ;d"xn]
;Qf sAhfPkl5 hgtfsf :jtGqtf / cfly{s zf]if0f Tof] xb;Dd u5{g\ ls hgtf of t ;fDojfbLx?sf]
8/n] lj/f]w ug{ ;Sb}gg\ of r'kr'kf ls;fg aGg / emg ul/a x'g tof/ x'G5g\ .
;fDojfbL /fHo Joj:yfdf dfgjLo ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s ;dfgtf clgjfo{tf x'G5 eg]/
;g\ !*$* df dfS;{ / n]lggn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] ;fDojfbL vfsf Jojfxfl/s?kdf clxn]
k"0f{tM c;kmn ePsf] 5 . ju{ ;+3if{4f/f g} cfly{s c;dfgtf x6fpg ;lsG5 eGg]
l;4fGt k"0f{tM c;kmn ePsf] pbfx/0f ;f]leot ;+3nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . cem ulxl/P/
hfg] xf] eg] ;g\ !(@$ sf] n]lggnsf] d[To' / ;g\ !(%# df :6flngsf] d[To' ePkl5
ha v|':r]e ;f]leot ;+3sf] /fi6|klt eP Tof] a]nfb]lv g} hgtfdf ;fDojfbk|lt tLj|
ljt[i0ff / c;Gt'i6L al9;s]sf] lyof] t/ ha ldvfOn uf]ef{rf]e ;Qfdf cfPkl5 pgn]
æUnf:gf]:6Æ sf] dfWoaf6 ;Q/L jif{;Ddsf] ;fDojfbL zf;gn] tx; gx;
ePsf] ;f]leote"dLdf cfly{s ;'lb[9Ls/0f / k|hftGq :yfkgf u/fpg ;kmn eP .
t;y{ ;+;f/af6 k"0f{tM c;kmn eO;s]sf] ;fDojfbL cfGbf]ngsf dfWodaf6 dfcf]jfbn]
g]kfn sAhf ug{ vf]Hg' cfkm}+df xf+:o:kb x'g uPsf] 5 . t;y{ cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{
xft xltof/x? la;fP/ zflGtjftf{df dfcf]jfb kms{g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnLx? Ps eO/x]sf a]nf dfcf]jfbn] obL cfkm\gf] cl:tTj arfpg] xf] eg] t'?Gt}
zflGtjftf{df kms{g'k5{ .
oxfF ;Demg'kg]{ csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] b]pjf ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf /fhfaf6
cWofb]z dfk{mt\ cfPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd cft+sjfb lj?4 z;Qm sf/jfxL rnfO/x]sf]
zfxL ;]gf / z;:q k|x/L annfO{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ug{ g]kfndf zflGt k"g{:yfkgsf
nflu dxTjk"0f{ s8Lsf ?kdf lnOg'k5{ . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?n] rfx]sf] zflGt
k"g{:yfkgfsf nflu ;/sf/n] x/]s ;+:yf kf6L{ / cfkm\gf ljkIfLx?;Fu af/Daf/
;j{bnLo a}7s ug{ cfjZos 5 . Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f] s] klg ;Demg'k5{ eg] cGt/f{li6|o
sfg'g / lgod ljkl/t ef/tdf n's]/ g]kfn cfqmd0f ug]{ dfcf]jfbsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?
lj?4 ef/tn] s:tf] e"ldsf v]N5 eGg] s'/fn] g]kfn ef/taLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ gofF
?k lbG5 . csf]{tkm{ e|i6rf/ / /fhgLlts cl:y/tf oL b'j} k|hftGqsf nflu juL{o
zq' ePsf sf/0f jt{dfg cj:yfaf6 d'n'snfO{ d'Qm kfg{ ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6Lx?n]
s;/L / s:tf] /fhgLlts lgsf; Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ eGg] ax; z'? x'g' klg Tolts} cfjZos
5 .
/fhgLlts jftf{4f/f dfcf]jfb ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf al9/x]sf] clxn]sf]
;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?n] :ki6 hjfkm lbg'k5{, ljsf;sf ;+/rgfx? kfgL
ljh'nL, 6]lnkmf]g / ;8s eTsfP/ pgLx?n] hgtfnfO{ lsg b'Mv lbO/x]sf 5g\ < g]kfnsf]
/fhgLlts cl:yt/tf, cft+sjfb / e|i6rf/k|lt ljb]zLx?n] rf;f] lbg'sf] k5fl8 d'VotM
s] xf] eg] g]kfndf zflGt, z';f;g / g]kfnL hgtfx?sf] afFRg kfpg] dfgj clwsf/sf]
Uof/]G6L g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|Tofe"tL u/f];\ eGg] d"ne"t sf/0f xf]
. /fi6|klt a';n] cft+safbnfO{ ;+;f/af6 Wj:t gkf/];Dd ;+;f/sf] zflGt / ljsf;
;w}+ vt/fdf /xG5 eGg'ePkl5 g]kfnn] klg dfcf]jfb lj?4sf] cfkm\gf] n8fOFdf k'0f{tM
ljZj ;dy{g kfPsf] xf] .
cf+tssf/Lx? n'Sg] 7fpF, pgLx?sf nflu xft xltof/ k|fKt x'g] / k};f ;lhn} pknAw
x'g] x/]s ;|f]tsf] lgoGq0f geP;Dd cft+sjfb g]kfndf g/f]lsg] kSsf 5 .
g]kfnn] d'Vo b'O{ a'FbfnfO{ cfTdf;ft ub}{ cft+sjfb lj?4sf] n8fOFdf cfkm\gf]
;+nUgtf a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZos 5 . Psflt/ of t /fhgLlts jftf{ dfcf]jfbLx?nfO{ lgz:q
kf/]/ z'? ul/g'k5{ of t ef/t ;/sf/nfO{ bjfj lbg'k5{ ls g]kfn lj?4sf] sf/jfxL
ef/tdf n's]/ cft+ssf/Lx?n] ug{ kfpg] s'g} klg cj;/ ef/tn] lbg'x'Fb}g . ha;Dd
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx? ef/tdf n'Sg / ;+/lIft x'G5g\ xft xltof/ cf];f/ k;f/ ug{
kfpF5g\ tj;Dd pgLx? lgz:q jftf{df cfpg] klg b]lvb}gg\ . æb jLs klqsfÆdf
xfn} /ZdL ;S;]gfn] :ki6 n]Vg'ePsf] 5, ef/tsf ljleGg If]qx? dWok|b]z, cfGw|k|b]z,
dxf/fi6|, ljxf/ pl8;f / emf/v08df a9]sf] lx+;fsf] k5fl8 ef/tsf ;lqmo cft+sjfbL
;d"xx? ;lqmo /x]sf] / ;f] cft+ssf/L ;d"xx?;Fu g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLx?n]
cTolws dfqfdf xft xltof/ cf];f/ k;f/ u/]sf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] k|ltli7t
klqsf lqmlZrog ;fOG; dlg6/df :s6 jftl8kmn] dfcf]jfb ;d:ofn] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf
k/]sf] vt/ftkm{ O+lut u/]s} a]nf n08gaf6 k|sflzt Pl;of l/kf]6{n] dfcf]jfbn]
rf}wb]lv c7f/ jif{sf afnaRrfnfO{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{df egf{ u/fPsf]df tLj| lj/f]w
u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ /fli6|o / cGt/f{li6|o ?kdf cfnf]lrt dfcf]jfbsf] slyt cfGbf]ngn]
g]kfnsf] pGglQ gx'g] / d'n'snfO{ /Qmkftk"0f{ agfpg] x'gfn] ef/tdf n's]sf
s]Gb|Lo dfcf]jfbLx?n] t'?Gt} xft xltof/ la;fP/ jftf{df kmls{g'k5{ .
cfpg'xf];\ xfdL ;a} ldn]/ kf6L{, ;d"x, ju{ / ;+:yf tyf JolQm ldn]/ cft+sjfbsf]
h/fnfO{ pv]n]/ kmfnf}+ . zflGtk"0f{ g]kfnsf] k"g{:yfkgf u/f}+ ;a}
ldn]/ cft+sjfblj?4 n8f}}+ .
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