rf}tf/L   clen]vfno

cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ng Ps ;dLIff

8Da? clwsf/L
l5d]sL uf+pm, elh{lgof

Ps jif{cl3b]lv ck]Iff ul/Psf] pQ/ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ng jfl;+6g d]6|f]kf]ln6gsf] km]o/km\ofS; sfpG6Ldf ut h'nfO{ $ tfl/vb]lv z'? eP/ & tfl/v /flt ;DkGg eof] . klxn] ePsf ;Dd]ngeGbf eJo tyf w]/} ;xefuL x'g] cfzf ul/Psf] ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof ljutsf ;Dd]ngx?eGbf lgZro g} a9L lyof] / klxn]sf ;Dd]ngx?eGbf Ps b'O{ a9L sfo{qmd /fv]/ ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt x'g]x?nfO{ km/s b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] klg lyof] .

ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx? To;df klg ;+;f/sf] ;j{zlQmzfnL d'n'sdf jiff}{ jif{b]lv a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ngaf6 ;fob\ g]kfn / g]kfnLx?n] klg kSs} s]xL cf;f u/]sf x'G5g\ xf]nf lsgsL cfhef]ln oxfF eP ul/Psf ;a} va/x? Ps}l5gdf g]kfndf yfxf kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ To;}n] of] n]vdf g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ng s:tf] /x\of] / ;Dd]ngaf6 g]kfnsf t k/} 5f8f}+ oxfF a:g] g]kfnLx?n] s] pknAwL kfP eGg]af/] s]xL ;dLIff ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 / ;Dd]ngsf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds kIfsf af/]df o; n]vdfkm{t\ s]xL rrf{ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

;Dd]ngsf ;sf/fTds kIf

!_ ;Dd]ngdf sl/a b'O{ xhf/b]lv @@ ;o k|ltlglw, ko{j]Ifs, snfsf/, kqsf/ tyf cGo kfx'gfx?nfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg ;Sg' g} ;Dd]ngsf] 7"nf] pknAwL eGg ;lsG5 . ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt x'g]x?df !* 306f;Dd csf{sf] sfd u/L cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpg]b]lv lnP/ g]kfnsf /fhgLlt1 ;fy} cGt/f{li6|o ;+:yfdf dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ JolQmx?sf] Ps} ynf]df pkl:yt ePsf] kfOGYof] . o:tf] cj;/n] klxnf klxnf d'xf/;Dd b]Vg ;d]t uf/f] kg]{ JolQmx?;Fu k|ToIf ;fIffTsf/ x'g] df}sf ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ldn]sf] lyof] .

@_ ;w}+ em} s]6fs]6L lnP/ hfFbf lbSs ePsf afa'cfdfn] o;k6s eg] s]xL /fxt ldn]sf] kfOof] . 8L;Lsf cfof]hs kIfn] s]6fs]6Lx?sf nflu eg]/ ls8\;\ SofDk g} v8f u/]sfn] ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g cfpg] afa' cfdfsf nflu /fxt ldn]sf] / afa'cfdfn] sfo{qmddf /fd||} ;xefuL x'g kfP lyP . afnaflnsf nflu g]kfnL snf tyf ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg afnaflnsfnfO{ lbg] elgP tfklg To;sf] slt;Dd k|efj kfg{ ;Sof] Tof] afnaflnsfx?af6} afa'cfdfn] 3/df k'u]kl5 yfxf kfP .

#_ ;Dd]ngsf cfof]hsx?n] h'g æd]ls8) cfj/ dfs{Æsf] Pp6f gofF k/Dk/fsf] yfngL u/] To;n] pQ/ cd]l/sfdf /xL k]zf tyf Joj;fo u/L cfPsf pTs[i6 g]kfnLx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{n] ;a}n] k|z+;f u/]sf] kfOof] . t/ cfof]hs kIfn] h;/L h;sf nflu ;Ddfg ug]{ elgof] / kl5 cGo s'bfs'bsf] l:ylt cfof] To;n] g]kfnLx?n] ug{ nfu]sf] Pp6f /fd|f] k/Dk/fsf] z'?cft Tolt ;Gtf]if hgs eg] /x]g .

$_ ;Dd]ngsf] JolQmut kIfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] w]/}n] cfkm\gf k'/fgf Oi6ldq;Fu e]6\g] df}sf kfP . w]/}hgf t To;}df /dfpg k'u] . w]/}n] gofF ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] gofF ;fyL agfpg klg afFsL /fv]gg\ Tof] klg Pp6f /dfOnf] kIf g} dfGg'k5{ . g]kfnsf ljleGg ljBfnodf k9]sf ljBfyL{x?sf] k'g{ldng ;df/f]x klg cfsif{s /x]sf] lyof] .

%_ To:t} cfof]hs kIfn] ;Dd]ngdf efu lng cfpg]x?sf nflu h;/L jgnfOg /lh:6|]zg u/fP/ eP klg clnslt /fxt lbnfPsf] b]lvGYof] .

^_ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt If]qdf ePsf] jt{dfg 36gfqmdnfO{ g]kfnsf g]tfb]lv g]kfndf /x]/ jiff}{ jif{;Dd kqsfl/tf u/]sf ljb]zLnfO{ NofP/ g]kfnLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbnfpg ;Sg' klg ;Dd]ngsf] 7"n} pknAwL dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .

&_ To:t} ;Dd]ng sIf aflx/ Oldu|]zg;Fu ;DalGwt n ;]G6/x?nfO{ a'y /fVg lbP/ klg ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g] sof}+ g]kfnLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] lnun :6f6;sf af/]df hfGg] df}sf k|bfg ul/g' klg ;Dd]ngsf] /fd|f] kIf dfGg'k5{ .

gsf/fTds kIfx?

oL eP ;Dd]ngn] k|fKt u/]sf ;sf/fTds pknAwLx? . ;Dd]ngdf ;sf/fTds pknAwLeGbf klg gsf/fTds kIfx? a9L b]lvPsf]n] cfufdL ;fn x'g] ;Dd]ngsf cfof]hsx?n] o;nfO{ /fd|f];Fu a'em\g ;s]df cfpg] lbgx?df xfdLn] k'gM ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;'wfg{ ;Sg] 5f}+ eGg] dg;fon] oL s'/fx? xfdLn] 5nkmndf NofPsf 5f}+ .

!_ ;Dd]ngsf] z'ef/De ul/Psf] eP tfklg ;dfkg s;/L eof] s;}nfO{ yfxf ePg . ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf tLg ;o hltsf] dfq pkl:yt x'g'nfO{ ;Dd]ngsf] ;kmntfk|lt g} cfuGt'sx?n] z+sf u/]sf] kfOof] . o;cl3sf ;Dd]ngx?sf] rfn klg o:t} eP/ xf] ls < ;Dd]ngsf] ;kmntsf] sfdgf ub}{ >L % tyf k|wfgdGqLn] ;+b]z lbP klg ;Dd]ngsf] cf}krfl/stf ;dfkg gul/g'n] vNnf] t'NofpFb} ;Dd]ng ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . o;af6 k|i6 x'GYof] ls g]kfnn] klg ;Dd]ngaf6 ;sf/fTds ;fy} gsf/fTds kIf ljkIfsf] af/]df cfzf u/] klg s]xL klg ;'emfj tyf ;Nnfxf pknAw u/fpg ;s]g .
;fy} ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL eP/ kms{g]nfO{ hf];'s}nfO{ k|Zg u/]df ;Dd]ngsf] pknAwL s]xf] eg]/ eGg uf/f] k5{ . ;Dd]ngn] s] s] k|:tfj kfl/t u/\of] nfU5 PPgP sf cWoIf ;d]tnfO{ yfxf gx'g] l:ylt 5 . lsgsL s]xL klg k|:tfj kfl/t ul/Psf] lyPg . ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] ;'emfj 5 ls ;Dd]ngsf] ;dfkg ;dfx/f]xsf] cfof]hgf u/L ljleGg kmf]/dx?n] kf; u/]sf km]f/dsf 5nkmn ePsf ljifoa:t'x?af/] k|:tfjx? ;'gfpg'kg]{ xf] t/ cfof]hs kIfn] o;af/] vf;} rf;f] lbPh:tf] nfu]g .

;+:yfsf] gfd g]kfnL eP tfklg / g]kfnL snf tyf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug]{ elgP tfklg w]/} u'gf;fx? ;'Ggdf cfPsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngsf] cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g x'geGbf cl3Nn} lbg sljtf uf]i7L /fVg'n] klg sltsf] dxTj lbPsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f 5n{8) b]lvPsf] 5 . o;tkm{ cfufdL lbgx?df cfof]hsx?n] Wofg k'/\ofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

@_ w]/}n] g]kfnL ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnL efiffsf] cfzf u/]sf] kfOof] t/ clwsf+zn] d klg c+u|]hLdf sdL 5}g eg]/ jf cfkm"nfO{ c+u|]hjfh b]vfpg xf] jf p;n] g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u gu/]sf] b]v]/ oL ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] efiff / hfltsf] cd]l/sfdf /Iff u5{g\ eGg] s'/fdf slt klg ljZjf; ug]{ 7fpF /x]sf] kfOPg . Psflt/ snf tyf ;+:s[ltsf] /Iff ug]{ eGg] csf]{lt/ cfkm"nfO{ c+u|]hafh x'F eGg dgk/fpgfn] klg g]kfnLx?sf] ;Dd]ng nf6f] b]zdf ufF8f] tGg]/L x'g vf]h]sf] dfq b]lvof] . xfdLn] ;f]xL ;dodf csf]{ ;fob\ sf]l/ogx?sf] ;Dd]ng ;f]xL xf]6ndf b]lv/x]sf lyof}+ pgLx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? cfkm\g} dft[efiffdf ul//x]sf b]lvGy] olt;Dd ls xfd|} ;Dd]ng sIfsf] cufl8 cfP/ klg Ps sf]l/ogn] p;sf] cfkm\g} efiffdf eujfgn] xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f u?g\ eGb} s]xL eg]/ uP t/ xfdLdf cfkm\gf] efiffk|ltsf] nufa hxfF uP klg Hofb} sd kfOg'n] xfdL ljb]zdf a:g]x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] efiffk|ltsf] uf}/j vf;} /x]sf] kfOPg . cfufdL ;Dd]ngx?b]lv cfof]hs kIfn] o; s'/fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu Wofg k'/\ofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . Psfw cd]l/sg gePsf] 7fpFdf klg xfd|f g]kfnLx? c+u|]hLd} ukm ug{ ?rfpg] kl/kf6Ln] cd]l/sfdf a;]/ g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ x'Fb}g xfdL cfkm" cfkm"aLr t c+u|]hLd} ukm ug{ dgk/fpF5f}+ eg] xfd|f] ;+:s[lt xfd|f] efiff c?n] af]nLlbbf xfdL slt b+u x'G5f}+ t/ xfdL cfkm" cfkm" af]Ng eg] lsg o;/L xlRs/x]sf 5f}+ <

PPgPsf] sld6Lsf] kmf]/d rln/x]sf] lyof] t/ ToxfF Ps hgf klg g]kfnL ga'em\g] ;xefuL lyPgg\ t/ pgLxx? c+u|hLd} efif0f ug{ dg k/fpgfn] klg xfdL b]V5f}+ ca cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnL efiff ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ x}g g]kfnL efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L xfdLn] cd]l/sg :jo+;]jsx?nfO{ lhDdf lbbf /fd|f] xf]nf

#_ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hs kIf;Fu w]/} JolQmx?sf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] kfOof] . ;Dd]ng:yn jfl;+6g 8L;Ldf x'g] elgP klg jfl;+6g 8L;Ld} x'g'kg]{ lyof] t/ 8L;LeGbf em08} #) dfOn 6f8f nu]/ ;Ddn]g ul/of] . To;df klg lsg]/ vfgsf nflu klg vfglkgsf] plrt Joj:yf gx'gsf] ;fy} ;Dd]ng :yneGbf w]/} 6f8f hfg'kg]{ / To;;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg g;Sg' cfof]hsx?sf] 7"nf] sdhf]/Lsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . aNn aNn Ps lbg l8g/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] ePtfklg w]/} dx+uf] dfq x}g k};f ltl/sg sfFrf] slrnf] vfgf vfg'kbf{ ;xefuLx? leq leq} d'/d'l/g] sfd afx]s s]xL af]Ng ;s]sf] b]lvPgg\ . /lh:6|]zg ubf{b]lv k};f lng z'? u/]/ x/]s 7fpFdf k};f lnOg'n] cfuGt'sx?n] d'v lgSs} lgGofp/f] nufPsf b]lvGy] . cfpFbf lbgx?df cfof]hskIfn] ;Dd]ngsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ aflx/ vfg hfg gkg]{ u/L ;Dd]ng :ynd} vfgf v'cfpg] Joj:yf ubf{ ;Dd]ng ;'rf? ?kn] rNg] lyof] .

$_ ;Dd]ngdf /flvPsf ljleGg kmf]/d;DaGwL w]/}sf w]/} vfn] u'gf;fx? kfOP . Ps} ;dodf w]/} kmf]/dx? /flvgfn] kmf]/x?df pkl:yt x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof w]/} Go"g /x]sf] kfOof] . kmf]/d cfof]hsx?n] s] a'em\g'k5{ eg] w]/} kmf]/d /fv]/ dfq sfo{qmd ;kmn x'Fb}g xfdL g]kfnLx?sf ;d:of eg]sf ;a}sf Ps}k|sf/sf x'g] x'gfn] ;a} km]f/dx? ;a}sf nflu plQs} pknAwLk"0f{ x'g]x'gfn] a? tLg rf/j6f kmf]/d /fVg] cgL To;nfO{ /fd|f];Fu rnfpg] xf] eg] km]f/dsf] dxTj a9\g hfG5 x}g eg] kmf]/d dfq tflnsfdf /fVg] xf] eg] kmf]/dsf] s'g} dxTj /xFb}g . o;k6s klg Psfw kmf]/d afx]s To:t} b]lvof] . h:tf] klxnf] lbgsf] dlxnfx?sf] r]lnj]6L a]rljvg;DaGwL kmf]/d /fd|f];Fu rn]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] eg] ef]lnkN6sf] g]kfn kmf]/dafx]s cGo kmf]/dx? RNgsf nflu rn]sf dfq b]lvGy] .

%_ h'nfO{ kfFr /flt cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f:+s[lts sfo{qmd hlt bz{sx?n] dgk/fPsf lyP t/ ef]lnkN6sf] g]kfnaf6 dufOPsf] Jof08af6 bz{sx?n] lg/fz x'g afx]s s]xL eGg ;s]gg\ . g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] Jof08n] ;fob\ Tof] ju{sf] dfq k|ltlglwTj u/\of] h;n] cfkm"nfO{ hfF8df grfPsf] lyof] Tof] afx]s cGo bz{sx? Jof08n] ufPsf uLtx? c+u|]hLdf ufO/x]sf 5g\ ls lxGbLdf xf] ls g]kfnLdf s]xL 5\6\ofpg ;Sg] kIfdf lyPgg\ .

Ps bz{s eGb} lyP æxft afFw]sf] cj:yfdf csf{n] k+hf nufP/ lrNxfPsf] 7fpFdf sGxfpg'Æ h:tf] lyof] Jof08sf] sfo{qmd . To;}n] g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ cd]l/sfdf hLjGt /fVg] eGg]x?n] o:tf klZrdf dfq x}g l7dfxf sfo{qmd b]vfP/ cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?nfO{ d"v{ gjfpFbf g} /fd|f] x'G5 .

cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd 8L;L 8anL ;fob\ g]kfndf x'g] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdeGbf clt pQd /x]sf] bz{sx?sf] egfO lyof] eg] To;}u/L dfof ;f]n';g sDkgLn] h'g xnsf] b'j}tkm{ 7"nf 7"nf l:qmg /fv]/ h;/L nfOe lbb}+ aLr aLrdf lj1fkgn] bz{sx?nfO{ dgf]/~hg u/fPsf] lyof] t/ ef]lnkN6sf] sfo{qmd Hofb} g} a]tfnsf] /x]sf] b]lvGYof] .

To:t} u/L ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g]x?sf nflu csf]{ jif{b]lv jgnfOgd} k};f lng] Joj:yf ubf{ clt pQd x'g] x'gfn] cfof]hsx?n] o;k|lt ljif]z Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

cGTodf ;Dd]ngsf af/]df eGg'kbf{ of] ;Dd]ng g]kfnLx?sf] Pp6f efjgf ;f6f ;f6 ug]{ / ljb]zdf a;]/ klg xfd|f] g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / g]kfnLkgnfO{ cd]l/sL dfem b]vfpg ;Sg] x'g'kg]{df xfdL cfkm}+ cfkm}+aLr s'lx/f]df sfu x/fP h:tf] x/fPsf dfq /x]sf] kfOof] ;Dd]ngaf6 xfdL g]kfnLn] s] kfof}+ t eGbf km]o/km\ofS; sfpG6|Ln] a? g]kfn 8] dgfP/ g]kfnLTjsf] clnslt eP klg dfg /flvlbof] eg] ptf xfdL g]kfnLx? cfkm}+n] eg] ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Dd]ngsf ?kdf glnP/ Pp6f hfqfsf ?kdf lnb}+ cfPsf] s'/f t xfdL x/]s jif{sf ;Dd]ngaf6 b]Vb} cfO/x]sf 5f}+ .

To;}n] cfpFbf lbgx?df ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;Dd]ng h:tf] agfcf}+ g]kfnLx?sf] snf ;+:s[ltsf] /Iffy{ sfd ug]{ u/f}+ . g]kfnLx?n] g]kfnsf kIf ljkIfsf g]tfx?sf] h:tf] ljrf/ glnO{ ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx? xfdL ;a} Ps xf}+ eGg] ljrf/ lnP/ cufl8 a9\of}+ eg] xfdL ;a}sf] enf] x'G5 .

-n]vs cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6L, jfl;+6g 8L;Lsf sf]iffWoIf x'g'x'G5_