rf}tf/L   clen]vfno

o'4 la/fd / 5nkmndf Nofpg'kg]{ s]xL cfly{s Ph]08fx?

k|fWofks laZjDe/ Kofs'¥ofn
clk|n *, @))#

k[i7e"ldM

g]kfnsf] cy{tGq kl/jt{gsf] df]8df cfP/ c8]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s / afx\o sf/0fn] rfn' sfo{qmd / /0fgLltdf k'glj{rf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/f ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;ft aif{ nfdf] hgo'4, o;} jLr 36]sf] /fhb/jf/ xTofsf08 / jfx|aif{ nfdf] cl:y/ /fhg}lts dfxf}nn] jfx\o b[li6df g]kfn s/Lj-s/Lj c;'/lIft e"ld ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !((^ sf] g]kfn-ef/t Jofkf/ ;lGw ;g\ @))@ df ePsf] gjLs/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfoft / lgof{tdf k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf] dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf ePsf] ;]K6]Dj/ !! sf] cft+ssf/L xdnfaf6 cd]l/sL ahf/df g]kfnL lgof{t 36\g] tyf cd]l/sf / o'/f]k]nL ko{6s / nufgL ;d]t 36\g] qmd hf/L 5 . k"/fgf] k|ljlw, Go"g kF"hL, ;Lldt ahf/, sdhf]/ Joj:yfkg / ;dli6ut /fli6"o cfly{s cj:yfn] Psflt/ w]/} pBf]u ?U0f ePsf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ Go"g dfu, 36\bf] nufgL / artsf] sf/0f c;'/Iffsf] jt{dfg jftfj/0fn] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg x|f;f]Gd'v 5g\ . ljlQo / a}+lͪ If]qaf6 ul/Psf] cf}Bf]lus kl/of]hgfsf] s'n nufgLdf s/Lj @) k|ltzt nufgL ?U0f ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . ?U0f pBf]unfO{ gfkmfd'ns agfpg g;Sbf em08} aflif{s # nfv a]/f]huf/x?sf] ;d"xdf yk dhb"/x? >d ahf/df ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . czQm pBf]un] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;fFjf / Jofhsf] e'QmfgL ltg{ g;s]/ a}+Í tyf lalQo ;+:yfx?sf] v/fa C0f a9\bf] 5 . ;/sf/n] klg /fhZjsf] 7"nf] /sd u'dfPsf] 5 .

s[lifsf] j[l4b/ hg;+Vof a[l4b/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . s[lifaf6 pTkfbg x'g] sltko a:t'x?df h'g ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ul/Psf 5g\ To;sf] cfwf/df Eofn' P8 x'g ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . g]kfndf dnsf] k|of]u ## s]hL k|ltx]S6/ 5 h'g a+unfb]z / kfls:tfgsf] bfFhf]df Ps ltxfO{ dfq xf] . s'n v]tLof]Uo hldgdWo] #% k|ltztdf dfq l;+rfO{sf] Joj:yf 5 / To;dWo] $) k|ltzt hdLgdf dfq aflif{s ?kdf l;+rfO{sf] Joj:yf x'g;s]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;af6 ul/lj lgjf/0fsf] nflu u|fdL0f ?kfGt/0f x'g g;s]sf]n] o;nfO{ d'Vo k]zf agfP/ afFRg]x?sf] hghLjg si6k|b ePsf] 5 .

cfly{s aif{ @)%*.)%( sf] cjlwdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -l:y/ d'No_ df (=(@ k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . vfB a:t', ufd]{G6, sfk]{6, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, xf]6]n / /]i6'/fsf] cfDbfgLdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 . o;/L pBf]u / Jofkf/ ultljlwdf cfPsf] dlGb / ;]jf If]qsf] gsf/fTds j[l4n] k|ltJolQm cfodf em08} * k|ltztn] lu/fj6 cfPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . gjf}+ of]hgfsf] cfwf/ aif{ -@)%*.)%(_ / bzf}+ of]hgfsf] klxnf] aif{ -@)%(.)^)_ aLrsf] cjlwdf b'Ok6s cfly{s j[l4b/ C0ffTds eof] . Psflt/ bzf}+of]hgf cjlwdf s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cg'kftdf ;/b/ aflif{s s"n nufgL, art / /fhZjsf] cg'dfg unt ;fljt eof] eg] csf]{lt/ bzf}+ of]hgfsf] z'?sf] aif{sf] k|bz{g C0ffTds ePsf]n] jt{dfg o'4la/fd sfod /x]/ /fhg}lts ;d:ofsf] lgsf; kfpg ;lsPtfklg rfn' of]hgfsf] cfwL ;do cy{tGqsf] ;+oGqsf] dd{t / ;Def/df k|zf;goGq ljTg] b]lvG5 .

bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts ;f]rfO{df of] oyfl:ytLsf] ufF7f] km'sfpg} k5{ . jt{dfg cy{tGq ;+s6sf] cy{tGq xf] . u[x o'4af6 jnfTs[t ePsf] cfGtl/s cfly{s b'/fj:yf, l4kIfLo Jofkf/ ;lGwsf] ck|efjsfl/tf, If]qLo nufgL / Jofkf/df cfPsf] lu/fj6 tyf ljZjJoflk dlGb g]kfns]f nflu cfly{s ;+s6sf sf/s tTjx? x'g\ . ;d:ofsf] vf]hL / a}slNks sfo{of]hgfsf] l;kmfl/z log} ljljw kIfdf vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .

cfly{s uf]nd]rsf] cfjZostfM

g]kfndf s]xL aif{ otf of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;Gbe{df bL3{sfnLg If]qut cawf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] b]lvG5 t/ sfof{Gjog /0fgLlt eg] cl:y/ cfly{s kl/;"rssf] cfwf/df ljleGg ;Defjgfx?nfO{ cfFsng u/]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] l:ytLdf cfly{s cfwf/e"t (Economic Fundamentals) alnof] ePtfklg logsf k|efjsfl/tf k|Zg lrGx eP/ c8]sf] x'G5 . ahf/d'vL Joj:yfnfO{ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] Go"gtd k"jf{wf/sf] cfwf/df xfdLn] cufl8 a9fpg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . o; cy{df klg jt{dfg /fhg}lts cj:yfn] gofF cfly{s Ph]08fx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs 5nkmndf Nofpg k|]/0ff lbPsf] 5 . xfdLn] lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] gofF ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{gsf] vf; clek|fo cg'?k ljleGg j}rfl/s dfGotf /fVg] JolQm tyf ;d"xn] v'n]/ o:tf] 5nkmndf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg'k5{ . /fhg}lts ;xdltdf ;bgaf6 kfl/t e};s]sf P]gx? ;d]t s] sf/0fn] sfo{fGjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ < b'O{ sbd cufl8 al9;s]sf ;'wf/ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt P]g / sfof{Gjog gLltx? lsg pbf/Ls/0fsf] jfx| aif{ kl5klg s[ofzLn x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ < k|:tfljt sfo{qmdsf] c;kmntfsf] hjfkmb]xL lng'kg]{ kl/kf6L s] sf/0fn] z'?ug{ g;lsPsf] < ;fob cfly{s Ph]08fdf k|ToIf k|efjkfg]{ oL / o:tf bh{gf}+ u}x| cfly{s d'2fx?klg 5nkmndf /fVg' plrt x'G5 xf]nf .

;Dafbdf Nofpg'kg]{ d'2fx? (Cross Cutting Issues):

cfly{s :j]tkqM

k|hftGqsf] k'g:yf{kgf kZrft\ ax'dt k|fKt ;/sf/, cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ / ldlnh'nL ;/sf/n] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf cglulGt k|of]u u/] . ;/sf/sf] cl:y/tf;+u} cfly{s gLltsf] clglZrttfklg a9\b} uof] . cFufn]sf w]/}h;f] gLltsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cWoogubf{ clwstd ;dodf cfly{seGbf u}x| cfly{s sf/0fn] cy{tGq k|efljt ePsf] b]lvof] . afx| aif{ b]lv k|of]udf /x]sf] pbf/Ls/0fn] cy{tGqdf NofPsf] ptf/ r9fjsf] z'Id d'NofÍg ul/ o;n] k}bf u/]sf] ;d:of / o;af6 lng ;lsg] cj;/nfO{ k'g{JofVof ug'{kg]{ dxz"; ul/ /flvPsf] a]nf dflysf cg'R5]bdf JofVof ul/Pem}+ g]kfnsf] Ps bzsnfdf] ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] ofqfdf d'n's gofF /fhg}lts df]8df plePsf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ cj;/sf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] ahf/ cy{tGq, pbf/Ls/0f / laZjJoflks/0fsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ adjustment sf] k|s[ofnfO{ ;Defljt /fhg}lts kl/jt{g;Fu} cufl8 a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf jt{dfg cy{tGqsf] Blue Print ;fj{hlgs u/]/ o;sf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] vfsf tof/ ul/ ;fj{hlgs 5nkmnsf] nflu cl3 a9fpg' clgjfo{ b]lvG5 .

;fdflhs jh{g (Social Exclusion):

Macroeconomic stability sfod x'g ;s]sf] ePtfklg, k|lt JolQm jfx\o ;xof]u blIf0f Plzofd} pRr b]lvPtfklg, ;fdflhs kl/;"rsx?df ;fdfGo ;'wf/ b]lvPtfklg u/Lj / lk5l8Psf ;d"xnfO{ al9 k|efjkfg]{ :jf:Yo, k|fylds lzIff, kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ h:tf If]qdf >f]tsf] k|jfx c;dfg'kflts 9+uaf6 zx/L If]qdf s]lGb|t eP/ dbt k'¥ofpg'kg]{ 7"nf] ;d"x a9\bf] ?kdf ;fdflhs ?kdf alx:s[t (Social Exclusion) ePsf] xfdLn] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu :jf:Yos} s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;/sf/sf] vr{sf] agfj6nfO{ x]bf{ of] k|fyldstf / cfjZostfd'vL b]lv+b}g . ah]6sf] ljt/0f k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jfdf gf6lso 9+un] 36]sf] 5 eg] c:ktfnsf] vr{df a9]sf] b]lvG5 . /f]usf] /f]syfddf eGbf pkrf/df al9 Wofg s]lGb|t b]lvG5 . ;'ljwf sd ePsf :jf:Yo s]Gb| / :jf:Yo rf}lsdf tna ;'lawf eg] al9 b]lvG5 . o:tf s]Gb|x?df ;du| nfutsf] @ k|ltzt dfq cf}ifwLdf vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . /fhg}lts k|efj xfjL eP/ k|fyldstfsf] alu{s/0f ;d]t u}x| lhDd]jf/k"0f{ tj/n] ug]{ ul/Psf]n] c;dfgtf a9]/ ul/jL lgjf/0f ;f+s]lts dxTjsf] j:t'ePsf] 5 . lzIff / l;+rfO{h:tf If]q t]>f] k|fyldstfdf k/]/ JolQmsf] gfpFaf6 :yfkgf ul/Psf] Trust k|yd k|fyldstfdf /flvg' o:t} lj;+ultsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj u/fP/ dlxnf / lk5l8Psf ;d"xsf] /fhg}lts ;xeflutf x'g] qmd k|f/De x'g yfn]sf] ePtfklg k|hftflGqs ;xeflutf vf;} a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvPg To;}n] gful/s :jtGqtf, k|sfzt :jtGqtf, zflGt ;'/Iff, sfg"gL /fHo, ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tf / e|i6frf/h:tf If]qdf g]kfn t'ngfTds b[li6n] lgDg :t/d} /x\of] . a9\bf] Social Exclusion ljsf;sf] dfgljo kIfnfO{ nlIft ug{ g;s]/ kf] xf] ls eGg] cg'ej ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o; cy{df dfgljo cfjZostfnfO{ nlIft ul/;s]kl5 dfq pTkfbg / vktsf] ef}lts nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 h'g kIf xfd|f] of]hgfsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . To;}n] k|hftflGqs ;xeflutf / ;fdflhs If]qsf] ljsf;klg cfly{s Ph]08fd} ufEg'kg]{ xf] ls <

cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] k'g{d'NofÍg (Revisiting Economic Liberalization):

ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] k|efjnfO{ d'NofÍg ubf{ cltsd ljsl;t d'n'sdf !% j6f /fi6"df vf; k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg j[l4 (Real GDP per capita growth) !(() b]lv !((* sf] aLrdf k|ltaif{ @ k|ltztn] a9\of] eg] cGo @@ j6f d'n'sdf of] a[l4 l:y/ /x\of] / afFls !! j6f d'n'sdf ;}Go ljb|f]x eP/ k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg # k|ltztn] 36\of] . of] ;d"xsf] /fi6"df ljsf; c;dfg / clgoldt /x]sf] 5 . pRr hg;+Vof a[l4nfO{ klg d'NofFÍgdf /fv]/ a+unfb]znfO{ cltsd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] u0fgfaf6 x6fpg] xf] eg] ljut Ps bzsdf jf:tljs k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg k|ltaif{ s]jn )=$ k|ltzt dfq x'g cfpF5 . xfdLn] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fnfO{ cFufNg' cl3 cfoft k|lt:yfkg pBf]usf] a9fjf / Jofkf/ tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ hf]8 lbof}+ . of] gLltn] cfGtl/s ahf/ laZjJoflks/0fdf Plss[t x'g g;Sg] ;}4flGts dfGotfsf] cfwf/df stabilization / structural reform sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fof}+ . k|Zg p7\5 s] t xfdLn] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] jt{dfg sfo{gLltaf6 cfGtl/s pTkfbgstf{nfO{ ljZjahf/ pknJw u/fpg ;Sof}+ t < s] jt{dfg cy{gLlt cg'?ksf] cfly{s ;+/rgf tyf sfo{fGjogsf] nflu ckgfOPsf] cfly{s ;+oGqnfO{ k'g{d'NofÍg ug{ 9Lnf] e};s]sf] 5}g t < s] t cj infant industry sf] l;4fGtnfO{ k'g{ljrf/ ul/ cy{tGqnfO{ 6]jf lbg] 7"nf] k}dfgfsf] d'Vo cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] ;do;Ddsf] nflu ;+/If0f lbg] s'/f p7fpg x'g] ls gx'g] < cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f lgb{nLo k+~rfot Joj:yfh:t} a}slNks gLltsf] ;Defjgf lagf g} bLuf] x'g;S5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ 5f]8\g ;Sg'k5{ . cGt/f{li6"o lalQo ;+:yfx? klg cfkm"n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf df}lb|s gLltx?df c;kmn e};s]sf 5g\ . Soflk6n PsfpG6 se{l6{ljln6L gePsf]n] ljZj ahf/df Plss[t x'g g;s]sf] cf/f]k nufO{Psf sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?nfO{ cj ljsf;nfO{ bLuf] ug{ bzsf}+ ;Dd o:tf lg0f{o ug{ xtfl/g gx'g] ;Nnfx lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . xfn;fn} cd]l/sL sf+u|];sf s]xL ;b:ox?n] n] IMF n] e|i6 ;/sf/nfO{ ;x'lnot / cGonfO{ Growth lj/f]wL cfly{s gLlt l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cf/f]k nufO{;s] . cyf{t cj cfjZostf cg's'nsf] k'g{;+/lrt cfly{s gLltaf/] ;Dafb z'?ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

s/ 5"6M

cfly{s l:6d'n; sfo{qmddf s/ a[l4nfO{ ljsNksf] ?kdf cl3 ;fl/g] ul/G5 . xfd|f] cy{tGqsf] jt{dfg cj:yfn] o:tf] wSsf (Shock) j]xf]g]{ x}l;ot /fVb}g . clxn] hgtfsf] vr{ug]{ Ifdtfdf x|f; cfP/ nufgL 36\g z'? e};s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;d:of Go"g b/ eGbf Go"g ;xeflutf ePsf]n] ;xeflutf a9fpg] jftfj/0f / ;+:yfyt ;+/rgfnfO{ al9 s[ofzLn agfpFb} Psflt/ s/ 5"6 lbOPsf j:t' tyf ;]jfnfO{ d'NofFÍg u/]/ s/sf] bfo/fleq Nofpg] sfo{qmd agfpg' h?/L 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfly{s s[ofsnfk a9fP/ hg laZjf; a9fpgsf] nflu lglZrt If]qdf s/sf] 5"6 lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . o:tf] nrstfaf6 sltko b]zdf nufgLstf{ / pkef]Qmfsf] nfut sd eO{ nufgL a9]/ /f]huf/L clej[l4 ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 5nkmndf of] a'Fbf cl3;fg'{ cg'ko'Qm gx'g ;S5 .

C0f ;fk6LM

;+s6sf] cy{tGq Joxf]/L /x]sf] a]nf xfdf] bf]>f] ljsNk C0f lng' x'g ;S5 . t/ nufgLsf If]qx? pTkfbgzLn x'g g;s]/ C0f ltg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf x|f; x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf k|ltJolQm a}b]lzs ;xof]usf] cg'kft k|lt JolQm s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf ;sf/fTds k|efjkfg{ Inelastic b]lvG5 . xfd|f] /fhZj ;+sng / ;fwf/0f vr{sf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfnn] klxnf] k6s Doflrª km08 pknJw u/fpg g;Sg] l:ytL b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf C0fsf] ef/ /fhZjsf] (Current revenue) em08} %) k|ltzt k'uL;s]sf] 5 cj cfP/ cfsflzPsf] ;fwf/0f vr{ / a]nf df}sfdf x'g] u/]sf] C0ffTds /fhZj ;+sngn] ;d:ofnfO{ emg} uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf 7"nf tyf nfdf] ;dosf] a}b]lzs ;xof]usf kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;dofjlw @))@ sf] l8;]Dj/ b]lv ;lsPsf]n] Debt Servicing Burden n] gofF ?k lng] b]lvG5 . cfly{s ;e]{If0f cg';f/ ;g\ @))).)! sf] cjlwdf dfq jfx\o C0f @ va{, $ cj{, $( s/f]8, #) nfv k'uL;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ljlQo Joj:yfkg xfd|f] 7"nf] r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 . C0f ltg]{ Ifdtfdf x|f; cfPsf]a]nf C0flnP/ cfly{s ultljlwnfO{ ;fdfGo agfpg] s'/fklg Jojxfl/s b]lv+b}g .

gf]6 lgZsf;gM

jt{dfg cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;Gbe{df gf]6 lgZsf;gnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{klg ufx|f] b]lvG5 . gf]6 lgZsf;gn] d'b|f l:kmtLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / d'b|f l:kmtL eGg' :jo+df ck|ToIf s/ ePsf]n] of] lasNk xfn g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm b]lv+b}g . To;}n] xfd|f] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfly{s Ph]08f lalQo cg'zf;g tyf C0f Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 t/ oL ljsNkx? 5nkmnsf] nflu v'nf5g\ .

Wj:t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] nfutM

bzf}+ of]hgfsf] z'? cyf{t\ @))@.)# b]lv @))$.)% ;Ddsf] nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf k|fyldstf / s'n >f]tsf] cfjZostf aflif{s ah]6 / k~ralif{o of]hgfdf dWosfnLg vr{ ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df k|ltlalDat ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . >f]tsf] pknJwtf / sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojxfl/s agfpg ;/sf/n] cFufn]sf] gLlt / ah]6 th'{dfdf ;fdf~h:otf Nofpg] k|of; oxL tLg aif{ ;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; cy{df hg cfGbf]ngsf] b}f/fg Wj:t ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] vf; nfut lgSof}{n ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . k'glgdf{0fsf] nflu 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ vf; nfut slt xf] cflwsfl/s ?kaf6 ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5}g . s]xL ;do cl3 of]hgf cfof]usf k|ltlglwn] $ cj{ eg]sf lyP . ut aif{ rLgdf ePsf] PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] aflif{s a}7sdf tTsflng cy{dGqLn] !( cj{, @% s/f]8 (US$ 250 million) pNn]v u/]sf lyP . a}b]lzs ;xof]usf] cg'/f]wsf] nflu klg lglZrt /sd yfxf kfpg' cfjZos 5 / ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] tkm{af6 h'6fpg'kg]{ >f]t lglZrt ug{ klg of] h?/L 5 . of] yk Jooef/nfO{ dWosfnLg cy{ ;+/rgfdf ;dfof]hg gug]{ xf] eg] sfo{qmd / >f]tsf] cGt/;DaGw sdhf]/ x'g] hfg] 5 . xfd|f] d"ne"t ;d:of eg]sf] ljsf;sf] nflu 5'6\ofOP cg';f/sf] vr{sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sbf o;n] cfly{s j[l4b/ / hghLjgdf kfg]{ k|efjsf] ;xL d'NofFÍg ug{ g;Sg' xf] . ah]6sf] afF8kmfF8 cfDbfgL / >f]t cg'?k eGbf klg vr{sf] cfwf/df ul/g] x'gfn] gfz ePsf ;+/rgfsf] ;xL kl/df0f lgSof}{n ug{ g;s] gofF ;+s6 lglDtg] 5 .

k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLM

lzyLn cy{tGqnfO{ Zjf; ;+rf/ ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgL (FDI) xf] . ;g\ !(*)-*( ;Dd g]kfndf k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgL s/Lj-s/Lj geP ;/x cyf{t\ ;fnfvfnf aflif{s % nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/ /x\of] . of] cg'kft !(()-@))) sf] cjlwdf *# nfv 8n/ k'Uof] t/ klg Plzofsf cGo e"kl/j]li7t /fi6" h:t} nfcf] lkl8cf/ / d+uf]lnofsf] t'ngfdf k|ltJolQm s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg eg] g]kfndf cd]l/sL 8n/ @!) dfq /x\of] hals nfcf]df @%( / d+uf]lnofdf #$% 8n/ /x]sf] 5 . l;4fGttM cg';Gwfgaf6 klg C0feGbf k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLn] blIf0f Plzofsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbga[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ;Defjgf /fd|} eP/ klg FDI vf; pT;fxhgs x'g g;Sg'df s]xL sf/0fx? 5g\ hf] ;g\ @))@ df cGs6}8n] u/]sf] Pp6f cg';Gwfgn] k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 .

k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgLsf] ef}u]flns lj:tf/ ;Lldt If]qdf s]lGb|t b]lvG5 . oftfoft, phf{, ;+rf/ / lg0f{o ug]{ k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] pknJwtfsf] sf/0f FDI cGtu{tsf %& k|ltzt kl/of]hgfx? sf7df8f} pkTosfdf s]lGb|t 5g\ h;df s'n kl/of]hgf nfutsf] ^# k|ltzt >f]t k|jflxt eP/ $* k|ltzt /f]huf/L >[lht ePsf] 5 . k|hftGq cl3 / k|hftGq kl5sf] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ax'k|rfl/t ;Gt'lng ljsf;sf] l;4fGt o; cy{df k"0f{?kn] ck|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf] clwstd lgof{t a[l4 6]S;6fOn / tof/L kf]zfsdf ;Lldt 5 hf] Dofg'ˆofSrl/ª ;j ;]S6/df kb{5 . g]kfndf xfn;Dd #%) j6f kmd{dWo] ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf a}b]lzs :jfldTjdf #^ j6f kmd{/x]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f] kmd{ ;fgf 5g\ t/ !) nfv 8n/ gf3]sf ( j6f kmd{dWo] & j6f kmd{ rflx+ oxL #^ j6f kmd{ leq} kb{5g\ b'ef{Uosf] s'/f ( j6f 7"nf kmd{df a}b]lzs d'b|fsf] ^) k|ltzt cfo cfh{g ug]{ 6]S;6fOn / tof/L kf];fs FDI df kg{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . zLk, k|ljlw / k|lt:kwf{Tds wf/ a9fP/ Jofkf/ ljljlws/0f ug{ FDI df of] ;]S6/sf] Plss/0f (Integration) dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . gofF a}b]lzs nufgL gLlt, @))@ df @@ j6f gsf/fTds ;"lr, % j6f k|fyldstf k|fKt nufgLsf If]qx? tyf a}b]lzs nufgLsf cGo dxTjk"0f{ k|fjwfg ;dfa]z 5g\ . of] gLltnfO{ cf}krfl/stf lbO;lsPsf] 5}g . To;}n] o;nfO{ al9 k|efjsf/L agfpg ablnPsf] kl/l:ytL cg'?k ;fj{hlgs ;Dafb k|f/De ug'{ ;d;fdlos sbd x'g] b]lvG5 .

lgisif{M

jt{dfg ;+s6sf] a]nf 5nkmndf Nofpg'kg]{ s'/f bL3{sfnLg ;+/rgfleq s:tf tTsflns gLltx? :jfefljs x'g ;S5g\ eGg] xf] . j[xt /fli6"o ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf / cfly{s / ljlQo bafpnfO{ s;/L ;Gt'ngug]{ eGg] s'/f klg xfd|f k|fyldstf x'g ;S5g\ . ;+s6sf] a]nf k|fyldstfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;'/Iff / u}x| ;'/Iff If]q 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] k5{ . :yfoL zflGtsf] gfpFdf /fi6"n] k'¥ofpg'kg]{ Go"gtd ;]jfaf6 c;'/lIft ;d"x g5'6'g\ eGg] p2]Zo klg TolQs} dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . oftfoft, ;+rf/, phf{, ljlQo ;]jfx?, :jf:Yo, lzIff / k|lzIf0f, cGt/f{li6"o Jofkf/ / cfly{s ;xof]u h:tf If]qx?n] gofF xfFs k|:t'tug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . bL3{sfnLg ;'/Iffsf] s'/f ubf{ oL If]qx?sf] ljsf;df ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;Ifd x'g'k5{ . ;Gt'ngsf] cy{, abln+bf] kl/l:ytL / gofF cfjZostf cg'?k xfdLn] cfˆgf gLltx?df kl/jt{g Nofpg;Sg] nrstf b]vfpg' xf] .

;+s6sf] gfpFdf nfdf] ;dokl5 cfly{s ;+/rgfdf rf]6 k'Ug] ul/ ahf/ cy{tGqsf] Go"gtd l;4fGt lakl/tsf ;'ljwf glbPtfklg /fi6"sf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;xeflutf u/fpg cfly{s ;+s6sf] hfnf]df k/]sf ;d"xnfO{ tfTsflns /fxt k'¥ofpgsf] nflu Pp6f 5'§} Roadmap agfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

lgisif{df, Psflt/ gofF /fhg}lts kl/l:ytLn] ubf{ xfdLn] s/Lj Ps bzssf] pbf/Ls/0fsf] bf}/fg ;+ufn]sf cg'ejnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgs]f nflu ljBdfg gLltx?nfO{ k'g{;+/rgf ug]{ cd"No cj;/ kfPsf 5f}+ eg] csf]{lt/ 7"nf] ;d"xnfO{ yk cfly{s ef/af6 d'Qm ug{ cNksfnLg /fxt Kofs]h ;d]t laj]sk"0f{ 9+uaf6 lgdf{0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k"0f{ xfFssf] cg'ej u/]sf 5f}+ . o; cy{df xfd|f cfly{s Ph]08fsf laifoa:t' cgluGtL x'g;S5g\ . of] 5f]6f] l6Kk0fLsf] d"ne"t p2]Zo tf]lsPsf lglZrt Ph]08f k|:t'tug'{ eGbfklg cfly{s uf]nd]rsf] nflu k|fyldstfo'Qm cgluGtL Ph]08fx? lgSof}{n ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg' xf] .