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g]kfndf u0ftGqsf nflu ;z:q qmflGtsf] pb\3f]if ub}{ @)$@ ;fndf sf7df8f}+ nufotsf ljleGg If]qdf ad ljikmf]6gsf] sf/jfxL ug'{x'g] /fd/fhf k|;fb l;+x hgjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf] cWoIf x'g'x'G5 .
qmflGt eg]sf] slxNo} g/f]lsg] ePsfn] ;f] l/n] bf}8df s;}g s;}n] s'g} g s'g} 7fpFaf6 lg/Gt/ efu lnO/xg] pxfF atfpg'x'G5 .
ef/tsf] k6gfdf a:b} cfpg'ePsf l;+x ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL aLr ePsf] o'4 lj/fdkl5sf] zflGtsf] cj;/nfO{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] nIok|flKtsf nflu ;d]t jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;ft jif{kl5 clxn] sf7df8f}+ cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg l:yltk|lt Hofb} pT;flxt &* jlif{o l;+x xfn cfkm\gf 5f]/f 8f= dgf]h s'df/ l;+x;Fu sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps xf]6ndf a:b} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf csf{ 5f]/f ef/tdf OlGhlgol/ª ljifodf cWoog/t 5g\ .
oxfF xfdLn] pxf+;Fu g]kfnLkf]i6sf nflu k|wfg ;Dkfbs lu/Lz kf]v/]n / n]vgfy e08f/Ln] ug'{ePsf] s'/fsfgLsf s]xL c+zx? k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+|-

tkfO{+ clxn] s] sf] l;nl;nfdf g]kfndf x'g'x'G5 <

d]/f] 3/ ;Kt/Ldf xf] . d w]/} lbg b]lv k6gfdf al;/x]sf] 5' . clxn] g]kfndf Pp6f dxf qmflGt cfPsf] 5 . of] dxf qmflGtn] Pp6f 7"nf] lg0f{o lbPsf] 5 . of] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu Pp6f zflGt sfnsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . b'j} kIfaf6 o'4 lj/fd u/]/ cfPsf] zflGt sfnnfO{ qmflGtsf] lg0f{o nfu' ug{sf] nflu, qmflGtsf] lg0f{o a'em\gsf] nflu /fi6"sf] lxtdf /fd|f] lg0f{o ug{ ;sf}+ . To;sf] nflu ljleGg ljrf/wf/f rln/x]sf] 5 . To;dWo] ;+ljwfg;ef klg /x]sf] 5 . d Tof] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf jftfj/0f agfpg / /fi6"nfO{ tof/ ug{, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dd{ ;a}sf] ;fd' /fVg, /fi6"nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;eflt/ pGd'v ug{, To;sf] lg0f{o ;a} kIfn] l:Jfsf/ u/]/ nfu" ug]{ jftfj/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . d To;}sf] ;xof]usf] nflu cfPsf] 5' .

tkfO{ o; cl3 b]lvg} ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf x'g'x'GYof] / g]kfndf u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf x'g'k5{ eg]/ cfGbf]ng ug]{ JolQmsf ?kdf klg lrlgg' x'G5 . o; ljifodf tkfO{x?sf] g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ ;Fu klg s]xL s'/fsfgL eO/x]sf] 5 <

xfdL d"ntM u0ftGqjfbL lyof}+ . :gftsx?sf] tkm{af6 lgjf{rgdf efu ln+bf klg Tof] s'/f p7fOPsf] lyof] . Tof] u0ftGq k|flKtsf] nflu z'?sf] sbdx? lyof] . To;a]nf xfdLn] ;+j}wflgs ;+3if{x? u/]sf lyof}+ . ;a}wflgs ;+3if{ kl5 s]lx ;-z:q ;+3if{ klg u¥of}+ . ;-z:q qmflGtdf hfg] xfd|f] z'? b]lvs} p2]Zo lyof] . To;}n] xfdLn] slxNo} klg l5kfPgf}+ . æxfdL /fhtGq lj/f]wL xf}+ . /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt kfg'{ g} of] qmflGtsf] p2]Zo xf] .Æ

xfdLn] lj=;+ @)$@ ;fndf z'? u/]sf] ;-z:q ljb|f]xsf] p2]Zo klg /fhtGq ;dfKt u/L hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf tyf JolQmut ;DklQsf] ;dflKt / ;dfg ;Dkltsf] ;a}sf] pkef]usf] k|Tofe"lt lyof] . xfd|f] /fhgLltsf] d"n :j/ g} /fhtGqsf] ;dflKt xf] .

To;a]nf xfdLn] ;-z:q o'4 z'? u¥of}+ . To;n] cfzfltt ;kmntf klg kfof] . To;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg cfkm} ;-zQm ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf lyof] . t/ @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng kl5sf] k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] sf/0f To:tf] x'g ;s]g . ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ;-z:q qmflGtsf] jftfj/0f w'ldn x'G5 .

;+;bLo r'gfjdf xfdLn] efu lnPtf klg of] v/fa ;+;bLo Joj:yf xf] eGg] 7x/ ul/;s]sf lyof}+ . Plzof, clk|msf, nufotsf b]zx?df ;a} ;+;bLo k|hftGqsf] o:t} bzf 5 . ei6frf/ / j]lyltn] ;tfPsf] 5 . t/ g]kfndf t To;sf] emg} xb ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] km]/L kms]{/ qmflGtdf hfg] l:ylt cfO{;s]sf] lyof] . t/ xfd|f] eGbf cem} cufl8 dfcf]jfbL cfP . h'g 7fpFdf xfdL hfg rfxGYof}+ - zxl/of Onfsf 5f]8]/ b'u{d u|fld0f Onfsfx?df u'l/Nnf o'4 ug{, ToxL 7fpFaf6 pxfFx?n] o'4 z'? ug'{eof] . xfdLn] To;nfO{ cfzfn] x]/]sf lyof}+ . qmflGtsf] bf}8fO{df pxfFx?;Fu slxn] cufl8 klg e]6 x'GYof] . k5f8L klg e]6 eO{/x]sf] 5 .

clxn] klg tkfO{x? dfcf]jfbL;+u lg/Gt/ ;Dk{sdf g} x'g'x'G5 t <

To:tf] lg/Gt/ / /fd|f] ;DaGw t slxNo} klg ePg . Ps k':tf s} h:tf] cGt/ eof] xfdL aLrdf . d Ps k':tf cufl8sf] k/]+ . @)$) ;fn / @)^) ;fn aLr t @) aif{ s} cGt/ eof] lg . To;n] klg d pxfFx?sf] ;fydf qmflGtsf] If]qdf hfg ;lsg . xfd|f clwsf+z ;fyLx?nfO{ d}n] kf6L{sf] lgoGq0faf6 d'Qm u/]+ . w]/} ;fyLx? To;df k|j]z klg ug'{ eof] . dnfO{ To;df v'zL klg nfu]sf] 5 . s]xL ;fyLx? dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf klg k'Ug' ePsf] 5 .

clxn] ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL aLr o'4lj/fd eP/ zflGt jftf{ k|s[of z'? eO{ /x]sf] 5 . s] of] jftf{ ;kmn x'G5 < of] @ dlxgf cjwLsf] d'NofÍg s;/L ug'{ ePsf] 5<

of] ;kmn ePg eg] o;sf] ljsNk s] 5 t < zflGtsf] ljsNk t km]/L qmflGt g} x'G5 . km]/L qmflGtdf kms{g' k5{ . To;}n] of] zflGt jftf{ ;kmn x'g} k5{ . xfdL ToxL cfzf lnP/ cfPsf 5f}+ / dnfO{ of] jftf{ ;kmn x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; klg 5 .

/fhgLltdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f ;Gt'ng / ;x cl:tTjsf] l:jsf/f]lQm klg xf] . Tof] ljZjf; xf] . pxfFx? -dfcf]jfbL+_ x?n] qmflGtsf/L b[li6sf]0fn] x]l//xg' ePsf] 5 eg] cGo kIfn] j}rfl/s ?kdf x]l//x]sf 5g\ . t/ d cfzfjfbL JolQm x'F

s] tkfO{n] eGg' eP h:t} ca g]kfndf u0ftGq :yfkgf xf]nf t <

d}n] g} u0ftGq g]kfn b]Vg kfpF5' ls eGg] nfU5 .

of] zflGt jftf{ ;kmn geP k"gM qmflGt x'g] atfpg' eof] . To;sf] xfgL- gf]S;fgL s;n] Joxf]g'{ k5{<

qmflGtdf xfgL x'b}g . qmflGtdf l9nf] l56f] x'G5 . qmflGtdf c;kmntf klg x'Fb}g . lxhf] xfdLn] qmflGt z'? ubf{ pxfFx? -dfcf]jfbL_ x'g' x'Gg lyof] . xfdLx? clns lzlyn eP h:tf] eof}+ . pxfFx? cfpg' eof] . Pp6fjf6 ePg eg] csf]{ cfpF5 . To;}n] zflGtsf] ljsNk qmflGt g} xf] . pxfFx?sf] qmflGt kl5 clxn] h'g zflGt cfPsf] 5, ;f] ;kmn ePg eg] cem} 7"nf] qmflGt eP/ cfpF5 . Tof] b]z / hgtfs} nflu b'ef{Uo x'G5 . km]l/ pxfFx?n] qmflGtdf kms{g'{ k5{ . t/ qmflGtn] Nofpg] kl/0ffd zflGt g} xf] .

tkfO{ e"ldut x'g' x'Fbf sxfF a:g' eof] eGg] k|Zg xf]O{g t/ ;fj{hlgs eO{;s]kl5 klg lsg ef/td} al;/xg' ePsf] 5<

To;df d]/f] s]xL JolQmut ;d:of klg lyof] . d]/f] >LdtLsf] & jif{;Dd cr]tg cj:yfdf /x]/ lgwg eof] . Tof] pkr/sf] qmddf klg d k6gfdf g} /x]+ . To;sf ;fy} oxfFsf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf klxn] klg d}n] efu lnPsf] lyPF . t/ d}n] % jif{ h]ndf a:g' k¥of] . h;af6 klg d oxfF ;xh} a:g ;Sg] jftfj/0f ePg . d dfly ljleGg cleof]ux? nufPsf lyP . @)$* ;fn kl5 xfdL dfly nufO{Psf cf/f]kx? lkmtf{ eP kl5 xfdL oxfF cfP/ r'gfjdf efu lnof}+ . Tof] r'gfjdf klg xfd|f] kf6L{ k/flht eof] . r'gfj 3f]if0fkqdf klg xfdLn] ær'gfj lht] kl5 /fhtGqnfO{ ;dfKt kfl/ u0ftGq :yfkgf u5f}{ . ;+;bLo k|0ffnL leqaf6} u0ftGq :yfkgf u5f}{Æ eGg] 3f]if0ff lyof] . Tof] 3f]if0fkq klg cl:js[t eP kl5 d]/f] nflu hgfb]z :ki6 g} lyof] . xfdLn] cem} ;-;Qm qmflGt ug'{kYof]{ jf r'k nfu]/ j:g' kYof]{ jf /fhtGqnfO{ ;dy{g ug{;Sg' kYof]{ . t/ qmflGt To:tf] a6d x}g, hf] lylrlbgf;fy s]xL eO{xfN5 . To;sf] nflu hLjg e/sf] ;+3if{ / jlnbfgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;sf] nflu xfdL k"gM ;-;:q ;+3if{df g} kms{g' kYof]{ . t/ d}n] b]vF], hdfgf xfdLx?af6 w]/} cufl8 lyof] . To;} ;dodf 8f= afj'/fd e§/fO{x?n] klg qmflGt z'? ug'{ ePsf] ;"rgf kfof}+ . xfdLn] ug{ ;ls/x]sf lyPgf}+ eg] pxfFx?n] z'? ug'{ eof] . qmflGt eg]sf] To:t} l/n] bf}8 g} xf] . s;}n] sxfFaf6 z'? u5{g\, s;}n] sxfFaf6 z'? u5{g\ . lrgsf dfcf], ?;sf n]lng / ef/tsf uflGw klg t ToxfF ePsf ;j} qmflGtsf] / kf6L{sf] ;+:yfks g} t lyPgg\, h'g qmflGt jxfFx?n] g} klxnf] k6s z'? ug'{ ePsf] lyPg .

@)$@ ;fnkl5 tkfO{x? lsg st}klg b]vfkg'{ ePg<

@)$@ ;fndf xfdLn] b]zsf w]/} efudf Ps}k6s w]/} 7fpFdf ;kmntf kfof}+ . To; kl5 @)$# ;fndf klg s]xL k|of; u¥of}+ . sf7df08f}+, la/f6gu/, g]kfnu~h, wgu9L, lrtjg, hgsk'/, jL/u~h h:tf 7fpFdf xfdLn] Ps}lbg Pp6} ;dodf ljb|f]x u¥of}+ . t/ To; kl5 xfd|f] ;+u7gdf 7"nf] df/ k¥of] . u'l/Nnf o'4sf] d'Vo s'/f g} ce]b uf]klgotf xf] . Tof] uf]klgotf /x]g eg] qmflGt ug{ ;ls+b}g . To;j]nf s]xL ;d:of eof] . qmflGtsf nflu jlnbfgk|lt k|ltj4 of]4f tof/ ug{ w]/} sl7g 5 . t;y{ xfdLn] tTsfn Joy{sf] jlnbfg x'g lbg rfx]gf}+ . o'4 t s'g} k|bz{gL xf]O{g ls k6s-k6s ug]{ . @)$# ;fndf k'g hgsk'/ Po/kf]6{df klg xfdLn] sf/jfxL u¥of}+ . t/ sf7df08f}+, g]kfnu~h, la/f6gu/, la/u~hdf s]xL ;d:ofn] ubf{ xfd|f ;-z:q sf/jfxL x'g ;s]gg\ . To;kl5 @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng klg eof] . k|hftGq k'g:yf{kgf / jflns dtflwsf/sf] Joj:yf klg eof] . t/ Tolt j]nf;Dd klg xfdL lj?4 nufO{Psf cleof]ux? lkmtf{ lnOPsf] lyPg . d / xfd|f] dxf;lrjx?nfO{ cfhGd s}b, d[To'b08 / ## jif{sf] s}b;Ddsf] ;hfo, ;j{:jx/0fsf] km};nf eO{;s]sf] lyof] .

tkfO{x?sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] hgjfbL df]rf{sf] xfnsf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 <

@)$* sf] k|yd cfdlgjf{rg xfdL s;}nfO{ dflkmlbPsf] lyPg . To;j]nf r'gfj n8]gf}+ . bf]>f] cfd lgjf{rgdf xfdLn] efu lnof}+ t/ kl/0ffd xfd|f] kIfdf cfPg . To; kl5 xfdL ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cEof;df /xg] xf] jf km]l/ qmflGtdf kms{g] eGg] k|Zg cfof] . t/ qmflGt klg ljh'nLsf] j6d bjfP h:t} Tolt ;lhnf] lyPg t/ klg To;}j]nf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgo'4 z'? eof] . b]zdf Pp6f ;;Qm z;:q cfGbf]ngsf] h?/L lyof] . u|fld0f u'l/Nnf o'4sf] nflu xfd|f] tof/L lyPg . pxfFx?n] Tof] tof/L ul//xg' ePsf] /x]5 . To;}j]nf xfd|f] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? dWo] w]/] dfcf]jfbLdf ;+ul7t klg eP . xfd|f] kf6L{ clxn] klg cfˆgf] lsl;dn] ;+ul7t / cfGbf]lnt 5 . xfdLn] ;+;bLo Joj:ydf efu glnPsf sf/0f b[Zodf 5}gf}+ . xfdL hgtfdf uO{/x]sf 5f}+ .

tkfO{n] b]zdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] kIfdf jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ cfPsf] jtfpg' ePsf] 5 . clxn];Dd s;-s;nfO{ e]6\g' eof] < To;af6 s:tf] dx;'; eO{/x]sf] 5<

d}n] of] jLrdf s]xL g]tfx?nfO{ e]6]+ / e]6\b} klg 5' . d Ps xKtf;Dd of] e]6 3f6sf] sfo{qmd u/]/ cGo sfo{qmd klg ub}{5' . To; kl5 Pp6f kqsf/ e]nf dfkm{t d d]/f] s'/fsf] lgisif{ ;fj{hlgs u5'{ .

b]zsf] of] cj:yfdf ljb]zdf j:g] g]kfnLx?sf nflu s'g} ;Gb]z 5 ls<

g]kfn clxn] :jl0f{d sfndf u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . o;tkm{ :yfoL ?k lbg xfdL ;j}sf] k|of; x'g' k5{ . g]kfndf o:tf] :jl0f{dsfn pGd'v cj;/ o; cl3 slxNo} klg cfPsf] lyPg . of] cj:ydf xfdL h] ug{ klg ;S5f}+ . of] Psbd} /fd|f] ;do xf] . o;df g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] efUosf] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . of] ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug{ xfdL ;j}n] cf-cfˆgf 7fpFaf6 ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] o; kl5sf] r'gfjdf sf] lhT5, sf] xf5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbP/ of] cj;/df s'g} ulNt ug'{ x'Gg . cf-cfˆgf dt leGgtfnfO{ ljjfbsf] ljifo jgfP/ cndlng' klg x'Fb}g . of] ;dodf kf6L{ jf bnut :jfy{ eGbf dfly p7]/ jflns dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ug'{k5{ . clxn];Dd /fhfn] ;+ljwfg lbPsf] 5 . hgtfn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] dfGotfaf6 cfˆgf] ;+ljwfg jgfpg kfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] hgtfn] cfˆg} ;+ljwfg agfpgsf nflu kfpg' k5{ . k[lYjgf/fo0f zfxsf k'vf{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] g]kfn eg]sf] o'uf}+ b]lv g]kfnL hgtfn] bf;tf, bdg / k/flht dgl:ylt jf]s]sf] g]kfn xf] . Tof] k/flhtx?nfO{ k/fhosf] kL8faf6 d'Qm ug'{k5{ . To;}n] xfdL ;j}sf ;d:of /fhf, hgtf, /fhgLlts kf6L{, k"FhLjfb, ;dfhjfb, hft-hflt, If]q, e'uf]n cflbsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ub}{ gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf] dfu{ lgb]{z u5{ . dnfO{ olt /fd|f] ;do km]l/ cfpF5 ls cfpFb}g eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] ;donfO{ u'Dg lbg' x'Fb}g . bnut /fhgLlt cflb km]l/-km]l/ u/f}+nf t/ clxn]sf] of] ;dosf] ljsNk t emg} 7"nf] ljgfz dfq} xf] . To; tkm{ xfd|f] Wofg hfg' k5{ .