;dfrf/ ;+If]k   clen]vfno

k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ clegGbg

u'0f/fh n'O6]n
aflN6df]/, #! l8;]Da/ @))#

aflN6df]/ . cd]l/sfsf] aflN6df]/ zx/ xftfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] ut @* tfl/ssf lbg g]kfnL nf]s bf]xf]/L ufos k|]d/fhf dxtnfO{ Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L ;Ddfg u/] .
gofF t/Lsfaf6 ul/Psf] elgPsf] pQm ;Ddfg ;df/f]xdf pkl:yt nueu %) hgf g]kfnLx?n] nf]s ufos dxtsf] kf]6"]6 t:jL/df x:tfIf/ u/L x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . xfn cd]l/sf e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf nf]s ufos s'df/ a:g]t / aLaL;L g]kfnL sfo{qmdsf k|d'v dl0f /f0ffn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf pQm x:tfIf/o'Qm t:jL/ snfsf/ dxtnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
ufos dxtsf] æ{lxp r'nLdf lxpÆ{ / xl/of] 8n/ eGg] Pnadx? lgs} nf]slk|o ePsf] cj:yfdf pxfFnfO{ o; If]qdf sfd ug{ emg} k]|/0ff ldnf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] o:tf] ;Ddfg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfp{b} sfo{qmd cfof]hs l;tn g]kfn eG5g-cd]l/sfsf] Jo:t a;fOsf] afah'b klg pxfFn] g]kfnL snf ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf nflu h'g k|of; ug'{ ePsf] 5 Tof] ;+dfgsf] kIf xf] .
pQm ;df/f]xdf aflN6df]/sf k'/fgf g]kfnL u0f]z dn]s'n] k|]d/fhfaf6 xfdL uf}/jflGjt 5f}+ eGg] dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] cleglGbt snfsf/ dxtn] o; ;Ddfgn] cfkm"nfO{ yk sfd ug]{ k|]/0ff ldn]sf] atfpg' eof] .

g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sd ca t];|f] jif{df

l8;]Da/ #), @))#

g]kfnL kf]i6 86 sd ca b'O{ jif{ k"/f u/]/ t];|f] jif{df nfu]sf] 5 . of] b'O{ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf ;+;f/e/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] lbgx'F g]kfnL kf]i6 vf]n]/ x]/]sf] b]v]/ xfdLnfO{ yk xf};nf ldn]sf] 5 . g]kfnL kf]i6 cfh ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'sx?af6 lbgx'F !& xhf/ k6s eGbf a9L vf]lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ;dfrf/ / ljrf/x?nfO{ lgofNg] kf7sx?sf] ;+Vof g]kfnb]lv lnP/ clk|msfsf] OlhK6, s]Gof, ;'8fg, s]d?g, cNh]l/of, ;fpy clk|msf;Dd To:t} ;+;f/sf cGo efux?df a:g] g]kfnL kf7sx?n] vf]n]sf] b]v]/ xfdLnfO{ sfd ug]{ yk xf};nf ldnsf] 5 . b'O{ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf xfdLn] ;flxTob]lv lnP/ /fhgLlt h:tf ljifodf n]v n]Vg] gofF gofF n]vsx? KffPsf 5f}+ .
ljb]zdf a;]/ g]kfnL efiffdf n]v /rgf n]Vg kfPsf]df To:tf gofF n]vs tyf ljb]lzPsf kqsf/ tyf n]vs slj syfsf/x? ;a}n] xfdLnfO{ ar]sf] ;do lbP/ 7"nf] u'g nufpg'ePsf] 5 . Toltdfq x}g g]kfnaf6 ;d]t xfdLnfO{ sltko ldqx?n] :jo\d;]jssf ?kdf snd rnfP/ xf];\ jf ;dfrf/ k7fP/ xf];\ xfdLnfO{ k'/\ofpg'ePsf] ;xof]uk|lt xfdL C0fL 5f}+ .
OG6/g]6df klxnf] k"0f{ g]kfnL efiffdf k|sflzt x'g] ;f}efUo kfPsf]df xfdL uf}jflGjt ePsf 5f}+ .
of] b'O{ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf hxfF;Dd nfU5 ;a} kIfnfO{ ;d]6]/ xfdLn] ;a} ljrf/x?nfO{ kl:sg] k|oTg u/]sf lyof}+ / cfufdL lbgx?df klg xfdL To;}u/L ;s];Dd ;a} kIfnfO{ ;d]6]/ n}hfg] k|oTg ug]{ g} 5f}+ .
o;} ;Gbe{df xfdLn] ;g\ @))$ sf] hgj/Lb]lv kf7sx? tyf n]vsx?sf] cg'/f]wdf tTsfnnfO{ c+u|]hL efiffdf rf}tf/L ;d]t z'? ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] clu|d hfgsf/L lbb}+ c+u|]hLdf n]v /rgf ;d]t k7fpg x'g ;a};Fu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
cfh ;+;f/sf h'g;'s} s'gfdf a:g] g]kfnLx? eP klg ltgLx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] dfof 5 . aflx/ leq ;a}lt/ a:g] g]kfnLx? cfkm" cfkm" df/fdf/ ePsf] x]g{ rfx]sf 5}gg\ . t/ h] rfx]sf 5}gg\ ToxL b]zdf eO/x]sf] 5 . dfg]{ / dg]{x?sf] ;+Vof lbgx'F a9\bf] 5 . of] b'O{ jif{sf] bf}/fgdf dfq b]zsf] /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt cem a]xfn eP/ uPsf] 5 . n]Vg]x?sf sndsf gLj efFlrPsf 5g\ . af]Ng]x?nfO{ s73/fdf pEofPsf] 5 . Psflt/ gf} jif{cl3b]lv rlncfPsf] hgo'4n] b]znfO{ eofeosf] l:yltdf k'/\ofPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ !# jif{b]lv Ps5q lsl;dn] ;QfnfO{ b"?kof]u u/L ;Qf eg]sf] efuzflGt u/]/ vfg] s'/f xf] eGg] dfgl;stf af]s]sf JolQmx?s} sf/0f @)$^ ;fndf k|fKt k|hftflGqs clwsf/ klg ;dfKt eP/ uPsf] 5 .
xfn b]zdf /fhf / dfcf]jfbLsf] cfcfkm\gf] :yfgdf zf;g ;Qf 5 eGbf km/s gkg]{ l:ylt eO;s]sf] 5 . jt{dfg /fhfn] d'vdf k|hftGq ljgf d cGo s'g} zf;gk|0ffnL ;f]r]sf] 5'Og eGb} k|hftGqsf] 3fF6L lgdf]l7/xsf] s'/f ;+ljwfg lj1x?n] elg/x]sf 5g\ . b]zdf g ;+ljwfg hLljt 5 g k|hftGq g} o:tf] l:yltdf klg !# jif{ efuzflGt ho g]kfn u/]sf sf+u|]; Pdfn] nufotsf cfkm"nfO{ ;+;bjfbL egfpg]x? cem} klg ;Qfs} cfzfdf /fhfnfO{ g} ;j]{ ;jf{ agfP/sf sf/0fn] k|hftGq dfl;Psf] 5 . of] cj:yfnfO{ ca tL; jif{ olts} n}hfg] ;f]rfOdf jt{dfg /fhf /x]sf h:tf b]lvG5g\ . /fhfn] b]zdf ;Da}wflgs k|hftGqsf] b'xfO{ lbg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . ptf b'O{ kIfsf] aGb'ssf] r]k'jfdf hgtf k/]sf k/} 5g\ .
otf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx? b]zdf zflGt 5fPsf] x]g{ pT;'s 5g\ t/ OG6/g]6df lbgx'F s]xL zflGtsf s'/fx? kf] cfPsL eg]/ x]g{] g]kfnLx? xTof / cft+ssf ;dfrf/ k9\bf k9\bf lg/fz ag]sf b]lvG5g\ . cf7 bz hgf g]kfnL gd/]sf] lbg 5}g . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?n] zflGtsf] Zjf; km]g{ kfPsf 5}gg\ .
sltko g]kfnLx? afWotfa; cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] eljZosf] ;'Gb/ ;kgf af]s]/ ljb]lzPsf 5g\ eg] sltko JolQmx? s]xL jif{nfO{ ljb]z l5/]sf eP klg pgLx? :jb]z kms{g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;a}n] b]zdf k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt x'g'k5{ eGg] cfjfh p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . o;k|lt g dfcf]jfbLx?n] Wofg k'/\ofPsf 5g\ gt ;/sf/n] .
;/sf/ cfh pGdQ eP/ uPsf] 5 . hgtfsf] s/af6 /f;g kfgL vfP/ ;]gfn] slxn] uf8L rnfO/x]sf] rfnsnfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'/\ofpg] sfd u5{ eg] slxn] a;sf] vnfF;LnfO{ t slxn] :s'n] e'/fx?nfO{ ;]gf dfcf]jfbL b]V5 / e'6\g p2t b]lvG5 . ptf dfcf]jfbL klg slxn] kqsf/nfO{ u'Ktr/L u/\of] eg]/ 3fF6L /]6]/ xTof u/]/ jj{/tf b]vfpF5 eg] slxn] ;fdflhs sfo{stf{nfO{ ;kmfo u/]/ cfkm\gf] axfb'/L b]vfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;]gf s;sf 5f]/f < ;]gfn] dfg]{ s;sf 5f]/f < b'j}nfO{ yfxf 5 xfdL bfh' efO xf}+ eGg] s'/f t/ tL b'j}n] yfxf kfOkfO{ klg a'emkrfO/x]sf 5g\ . hgtf hgtf df/fdf/ u/]/ ;Qf rnfpg]n] ;Qfsf] bf]xf]nf] sfl9/x]sf 5g\ .
lg/+s'z / jj{j/tfsf] zf;g s]xL ;do ug{ ;lsPnf t/ of] bLuf] x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f /fhfn] a'em\g' h?/L ePsf] 5 . lxhf] O/fsdf ;2fdn] o;/L cfkm" dfs'/] b'nf]df a:g'knf{ eg]/ slxNo} ;f]r]sf lyPgg\ xf]nf . To:t} hgtfsf] nflu zf;g u5'{ eGg] s;}n] klg olb hgtfdfly jj{/tf dRrfpg 5f8\b}g eg] To:tf zf;sn] Pslbg l9nf] rfF8f] cjZo ;hfo ef]Ug} kg]{ x'G5 . nfn ;]gf / zfxL ;]gf b'j}n] of] s'/f a'em\g' h?/L ePsf] 5 . ;]gfsf] e/df zf;g ;Qf rnfpg] ;'/ s;}n] u5{ eg] To;sf] lgld6\ofGg x'gnfO{ TotL w]/} s'g'{kb}{g .
o;}n] xfdL cem} klg eG5f}+ b]zdf k|hftGq / dfgclwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt x'g'k5{ n]Vg]x?sf gLj efFlrg' x'Fb}g . af]Ng]x?sf unf /]l6g' x'Gg . b]znfO{ /Qm qmflGt x}g, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s qmflGtsf] h?/L 5 . 7fpF 7fpFdf of] @! cf}+ ;tflAbdf klg af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf dfG5] dfl/Psf 5g\, dlxnf xslxtk|lt cem} j]jf:tf ul/Psf] b]lvG5, tNnf] hft / dfYnf] hftsf gfddf df/fdf/ k/]sf] 5 o:tf ;fdflhs ljs[ltx?k|lt qmflGt ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .
ljb]zdf a:g] o'jf k'":tf x'g\ jf :jb]zdf a:g] o'jf k':tf x'g\ ltgLx? ;a}n] g]kfnsf nflu s]xL u5'{ eGg] k|0f ub}{ b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu of]ubfg lbg' cfhsf] cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 .
cGtdf, gofF jif{ ;g\ @))$ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;'Gb/ eljiosf nflu ;'vb\ / ;kmn agf];\ oxL xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx?df z'esfdgf ..

5fkfdf/4f/f cfTd;k{0f

Od]naf6
l8;]Da/ #), @))#

æ;f+:s[lts ?kdf ;/n tl/sfaf6 cuf8L a9]/ ;a}sf] ;fd' lrlgg] Pj+ zf]lift kLl8t hgtf, ljz]iftM gf/Lju{nfO{ d'lQm lbnfpg]Æ nIf lnP/ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;f+:s[lts kmfF6df k|j]z u/sL /f}tx6 lgjf;L æh]lgiffÆ pkgfdn] lrlgg] Hof]tL d}gfnL dfcf]jfbL ;d"xleq dlxnfx? dfly eO/x]sf] HofbtL vKg g;ls dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/]/ ;'/Iff kmf}h ;dIf cfTd;d{k0f u/]sf] s'/f ;]gf4f/f k|]l;t ;dfrf/df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
zfxL ;]gf4f/f k|]lift pQm ;dfrf/sf cg';f/ Pp6f ljb|f]xL efjgf lnP/ cl3 a9]sf] ;d"xleqsf ljs[tLx?sf] lj?4 ;f]xL ;d"xleq} /x]/ n8\g' kg]{ xf]Og / < eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf Hof]tLn] æTof] efjgf cfpg'kg]{ xf] / d df cfPsf] klg xf] t/ ToxfF leq /x]/ ToxfFsf] ljs[tLx?sf] lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg' ;Dej xF+b}g . xfdL h:tf tNnf] txsf JolQmx?n] s'g} cfjfh p7fPdf 8lDkª ug]{ -cfkm} vfN8f] vgL lhpFb} ;f] vfN8f]leq k'l/g' kg]{_ r]tfjgL ;lxt s7f]/ sf/jfxLsf] efuL x'g'kg]{ x'G5 .Æ elgg\ .

;'/IffsdL{x? hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k|j]z

Od]naf6
l8;]Da/ #), @))#

bfªaf6 dfcf]jfbLsftkm{af6 g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ k|]lift ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;QfO{; hgf ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{x?åf/f ljb|f]x u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k|j]z u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .
l8;]Da/ @* df g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ slkna:t' lhNnfsf] uf]?l;+u]df o'lgkmfO8 sdf08df sfo{/t ;O{ k|sfz rf}w/L, nfnaxfb'/ yfkf, /fdl;+x rf}w/L, ;Gt/fd ofbj nufotn] ;/sf/;Fu ljb|f]x u/L hgd'lQm ;]gfdf k|j]z u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ .

;/sf/n] klg af?4L ;'?ª lj5\ofpFb}

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
l8;]Da/ @@, @))#

xfn} n08gaf6 k|sflzt x'g] OlG8k]G8]G6 klqsfsf] ^ l8;]Da/df k|sflzt ;dfrf/n] g]kfnl:yt ko{6g Joj;foLx?aLr xNnfvNnf dlRrg yfn]sf] 5 .
g]kfn e|d0f ug{] kbofqL ko{6sx?nfO{ r]tfjgL lbb} pQm klqsfdf elgPsf] 5, g]kfnn] dfcf]jfbL 4Gb;Fu k|lt/f]w ug{ bz xhf/ jf?bL ;''?Ëx? ljR5fPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] lxdfn / kxf8sf] k}bnofqfdf hfg] k}bnofqLx?sf] Wofg cfsif{0f ub{} hg ldsu|Lsn] l/kf]{6 u/]sf] pQm va/df g]kfnn] To:tf af?bL ;'?Ësf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ cfkm} pTkfbg ug]{ / ufl8 lj?4 k|of]u x'g] dfOgx? rLg, ef/t tyf /l;ofaf6 vl/b u5{ eg]/ klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
k|x/L tyf ;}lgs kf]i6x?sf] ;'/Iffy{ dfq To;sf] jl/kl/ jf?bx? ljR5fOPsf] eg] tfklg To:tf af?baf6 ut #@ dlxgf leqdf % ;o g]kfnLsf] d'To' / ( ;o hgf 3fOt] ePsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] To; l/kf]{6df dfcf]jfbL / ;'/IffyL{ afx]s ;j{;fwf/0f gful/s klg d/]sf] / To;/L d'To' x'g]x?df @% hgf jfnjRrf klg ePsf] jtfPsf] 5 .
o; cl3 dfcf]jfbLn] ;'/IffsdL{ lj?4df hldg d'gL jf?b ljR5fPsf] va/x? /fli6"o tyf cGt/fli6"o cva/df k9g kfOPsf] lyof] t/ ;/sf/n] klg af?b ljR5fPsf] va/x? eg] ;'Ggdf cfPsf] lyPg .
ko{6snfO{ g} cf}+nfpb} 5flkPsf] o; va/sf] af/]df s'g} klg ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 tYo ;Toaf/]df v08g gePsf] / pSt va/n] g]kfn cfpg] k}bnLofqL ko{6sx? aLr 8/ P+j qf; km}lnPsf] xF'bf g]kfnsf ko{6g Joj;foLx? lrlGtt b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . g]kfn cfpg] c;L kltzt ko{6sx? k}bnofqfsf] nflu cfpg] u5{g\ .

u0ftGqsf nflu dfcf]jfbL ;xdlt sfod ug{ tof/

Od]naf6
l8;]Da/ @), @))#

xfn} u[xdGqfno4f/f dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ xltof/ a'emfP/ cfTd;d{k0f ug{ hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtsf] k|ltpQ/df g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r084f/f x:tfIfl/t k'if rf/ ut] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ ;/sf/n] j}b]lzs ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf8 / lgb]{zgdf k'/fgf] ;fdGtL ;Qfn] b]z / hgtfsf], k|hftflGqs kl/jt{g / zflGtsf] cfs+Iffsf lj?å ;}Go kmflzjfbsf] cEof; ul//xsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
jStJodf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, zfxL ;]gf / k|x/Laf6 hfuL/ 5f8]/ cfkm\gf] hgd'lQm ;]gfdf cfpg yfn]sf] tYo k|:t't ub}{ cufl8 elgPsf] 5, lxhf]sf] e|d / jfWotfj; slyt zfxL ;]gfdf /x]sf s}of}+ b]zeQm sdf08/ / hjfgx? cfh b]zsf ljleGg efuaf6 xltof/ ;lxt ljb|f]x ub}{ v'n]cfd hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n x'g yfn]sf] nuQ} ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf hgd'lQm ;]gfx?sf nflu nf]e nfnr b]vfPsf] cf/f]k dfcf]jfbLsf tk{maf6 nufOPsf] 5 .
hgd'lQm ;]gf;+usf] jf:tljs d"7e]8df n]v]l6b} / k/flht x'+b} cfPsf] zfxL ;}lgs lu/]fxn] cfkm\gf lgz:q sfo{stf{ / lgbf]{if hgtf dfq xf]Og cfhef]ln g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn] nufotsf ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ ;d]t dfcf]jfbL / d"7e]8sf gfddf xTof u/]/ cfkm\gf] sfo/tfsf] k|bz{g ul//x]sf] tYo s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g eGb} dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n] kl5Nnf] o'4lj/fd e+u eP kl5 dfq klg ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf cfw'lgs xft xltof/ -h;df LMG, M-16, SLR nufot kb{5g\ ._ zfxL ;]gfaf6 hgd'lQm ;]gfn] sAhf ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{df 3f]if0ff u/]sf] slyt cfTd;dk{0fsf] d"No;"rLn] cfkm\gf] k/fhonfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] cToGt xf:of+:kb / nHhf:kb s;/tnfO{ dfq JoQm ub{5 eg]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;}Go lu/f]xsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;'/Iff ug{ g;s]/ lbg lbg} hgk|lt/f]wsf] 3]/fdf Hofg u'dfO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ of]4fx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] 7]sf lng] bfaL ug'{ eGbf 7"nf] kfv08 o]f b'lgofdf c? s] x'g ;S5 < elg ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] k|Zg t]:of{Psf] 5 .
lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, )$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx?sf] ckx/0f u/]/, ;+;bjfbL /fhg}lts bnx?dfly ;d]t ;}Go kmflzjfbsf] k|of]u ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] cfhsf] ;Gbe{df b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ jfdk+yL, k|ultlzn, b]zeQm / k|hftGqjfbL zlQmx? Psh'6 eP/ ;fdGtL lg/+s'ztGqnfO{ g]kfnL wtL{af6 ;bfsf lgldQ a9f/]/ kmfNg] ;do ca glhs cfO;s]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf Psh'6 x'g' cfhsf] tfTsflng / P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf xf] . ;f] k|f]of]hgsf lgldQ hf] s;};+u jftf{, ;+jfb / ;xdtL sfod ug{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{ tof/ /x]sf] 5 eGb} ca b]zsf] efUo ;fdGtL b/af/af6 xf]Og hgtfsf 3/ emf]k8Laf6 lgwf{l/t x'g]5 eGb} u0ftGq :yfkgfsf nflu ;a} /fhg}lts bnx?;Fu ;xdlt sfod u/]/ cufl8 a9\g cfkm\gf] kf6L{ tof/L /x]sf] s'/f lj1lKtdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

lj/f]w k|bz{g rls{g yfNof]

:dLtf zdf{
sf7df+8f}, l8;]Dj/ !( , @))#

k|ltudgsf] lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf /fhtGqlj/f]wL gf/f nufPsf]df tLg ljBfyL{ g]tfnfO{ kqmfp u/L /fHolj?4sf] ck/fwdf d'4f rnfOPsf] lj/f]wdf ljxLaf/ sf7df8f}+df ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, /fhgLlts kf6L{x? / dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+u7gx?n] lj/f]w sfoqmd u/] .
g]lj;+sf cWoIf u'?/fh l3ld/], dxfdGqL uug yfkf / cg]/f:jljo"sf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k'?iff]Qd e6\/fO{nfO{ k|x/Ln] d+unjf/ kqmfp u/L a'waf/ ljz]if cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fPsf] lyof] .
ljxLaf/sf] lj/f]wsf qmddf ljxfg ljleGg SofDk; cufl8 ljBfyL{x?n] 6fo/ afnL k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . o;} qmddf hojfu]Zj/Ldf ljxfg !! ah] kz'klt SofDk;sf ljBfly{x?n} cf/= Pg= P l; sf] af=! r %%$ g+sf] uf8L hnfPsf 5g\ eg] pQm :yfgaf6 k|x/Ln] ljBfyL{åo /fh' sf]O/fnf / ls/0fnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L /Tgkfs{df $ ah]b]lv ;f9] $ ah];Dd rSsfhfd tyf la/f]w sfo{qmd ul/of] . pQm sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh g]kfnsf cWoIf s[i0f kxf8L, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf tf/fgfy bfxfn tyf k|fWofks ;+3sf ;efklt vu]Gb| e6/fO{ nufotn] ljBfyL{ g]tfx?sf] lu/ˆtf/Lsf] 3f]/ lgGbf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
ljBfyL{ g]tfx?nfO{ g5fl8Pdf lj/f]w k|bz{gn] pu| ?k lng ;Sg] s'/fdf ;a} jQmfx?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .

df/fdf/ kl5 3/ hnfOP

Od]naf6
l8;]Da/ !%, @))#

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ klZrd s]Gb|Lo sdf08sf tkm{af6 d+l;/ @( ut]sf] ldltdf Ps k|]; lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] gofF /0fg}lts of]hgf cg'?k ;+rflnt hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] sf/jfxL z;Qm ?kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] atfPsf] 5 .
pQm lj1lKtsf cg';f/ lrtjg kf]v/fblv gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, bfª, alb{of, s}nfnL, sGrgk'/sf ljleGg k|x/L kf]i6df bh{gf}+ sdf08f] /]8 To:t} 8f]6Lsf] u}xfdf pRr df]6/ Pda';b]lv slkna:t' / lrtjgdfdf df]6/ dfOg Pda'; sdf08f] cfqmd ug'{sf ;fy} /f]Nkfsf] sf]rf{jfª, efjfªb / s}nfnLsf] dG8f}g lvd8L nufotsf If]qdf zfxL ;'/Iff kmf}hsf ;of}+ clws[t / hjfgx? Dffl/Psf 5g\ eg] b'O{ ;o hgfeGbf a9L zfxL ;]gfsf hjfgx? 3fOt] ag]sf / ! ;o %) eGbf a9L ljleGg xltof/x? vf]:g cfkm"x? ;kmn ePsf] lj1lKtdfkm{t\ hgfPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L dfcf]jfbLsftkm{af6 klg d+l;/ @^ ut] lbpF;f] /f]Nkfsf] kf5fjfª / /fl;jfªdf ?s'dsf] ;ltkf]n] / ?s'dsf]6af6 cfPsf] zfxL ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] kfFr 306f nfdf] le8Gtdf P3f/ hgf zfxL ;]gfsf] cfkm"x?n] Hofg lnPsf] lj1lKtdfkm{t\ atfPsf 5g\ eg] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 klg a6flnog sdl;f/ ljj]s If]qL, ;]S;g sdf08/ cl8s, nIdL / g/]z ;lxt rf/ hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
P3f/ hgf zfxL ;]gfsf] Hofg uPkl5 ;]gfn] ufpFsf !^ j6f 3/ hnfOlbPg'sf ;fy} n'6kf6 / :yfgLo ufpFdf anTsf/ ;d]t u/]sf] s'/f lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

6]S;f;df cg];f;sf] zfvf

Od]naf6
l8;]Da/ !%, @))#

g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / snfsf] hu]gf{, k|j4{g / ljsf; :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf ;d]t ug]{ cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf] cleofgdf Jofkstf lbg] pb]Zon] l8;]Da/ !! sf lbg cGt/f{li6|o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh 6]S;f; zfvf :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
eLdaxfb'/ sfsL{sf] cWoIftfdf u7g ul/Psf] pQm zfvfdf pkfWoIf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM af;' e08f/L, uf}/L hf]zL, af;' zdf{ / k|lj0f lwtfn /xg'ePsf] s'/f 6]S;f;af6 k|fKt lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
pQm ;+:yf4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5, æg]kfn ljleGg efiffefifL ;+:s[lt / ;flxlTos ;+/rgfn] el/Psf] b]z xf] . ;+:s[lt / ;Eotfsf] wgL xfd|f] b]zdf ;flxlTos l;h{gzLntfsf k|;:t ;+efjgfx? ljBdfg 5g\ . g]kfnL efiff ;+:s[lt ;flxTo / snfsf] dfof / rfxfgfx?nfO{ ;d]6L o; If]qsf d'w{Go JolQmTjx?nfO{ pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf k]z u/L pgLx?sf] l;h{gfnfO{ g]kfnL snf / ;flxTo hutsf] cd'No lglwsf] ?kdf ;+/If0f ;+j4{g ug]{ tyf gof+ k|ltefx?sf] ljsf; u/L g]kfnL efiff ;flxTonfO{ ;d'Ggt Pj+ Jofks agfpg] tkm{ cu|;/ x'g] nIo lnPsf 5f}+ . o; If]qsf ljsf;sf lglDt :jb]z / ljb]zdf /x]sf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfl;t ;fem]bf/L u/L efiff ;flxTo ;:s[lt ;DaGwL s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ug]{ pb]Zo cg'?k g]kfnL ;f];fO6L, 6]S;f;;+u ;dGjo u/L lgs6 eljZodf 6]S;f;sf] ljleGg zx/df g]kfnL efiff tyf ;+:s[lt ljBfno ;+rfng ug]{ tof/L e}/x]sf] 5 .
;tflKbof}+ cl3 xfd|f cu|hx?n] yfngL u/]sf efiff ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] ;]jfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] Oltxf;jf]w, g]kfnL ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;'v b'v, l/ltl/jfh rf9kj{, pd+uefj k|]defjsf] hu]gf{ ug{] ;+:s[ltjf]w / b]z cg]sf}+ lj;+ult / cft+ssf] e'+jl/af6 u'lh|/x]sf] jt{dfg kl/k|]Ifdf To;nfO{ l5dNg snd rnfpg] st{Jojf]w g} o; ;+:yfsf] :yfkgfsf] k|]/0ff xf] .Æ
plNnlvt nIo / p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] Jofks ;b\efj / ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff klg ;f]xL lj1lKtdfkm{t\ cg];f; 6]S;f;n] u/]sf] 5 .

ljZj a}+s ljsf; sfo{qmddf g]kfn

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, l8;]Da/ !$, @))#

ljZj a}+ssf] ahf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd (Development Marketplace) dfkm{t\ ;g\ !((* b]lv gjLgtd ljrf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ # ;o #) gf}nf kl/of]hgfnfO{ ! ca{ @) s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]u ul/;s]sf] 5 .
o; sfo{qmdn] tL kl/of]hgfsf nflu aLh nufgL :j?k nfUg] cg'bfg k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] xf] .
xfe{8 ljhg]z l/Eo"sf] gf]e]Da/ @))@ df k|sflzt c+ssf] Ps n]vdf ljZj a}+s4f/f ;~rflnt of] ahf/ ljsf; sfo{qmdn] 7"nf 7"nf ;+:yfx?n] u|fdL0f If]qx?df ljsf; ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] k|rlnt ;f]rnfO{ unt ;fljt u/]sf] 5 eGb} o; sfo{qmdnfO{ pTs[i6 gjLgtd of]hgfsf] ;+1f lbPsf] 5 .
of] jif{sf nflu ljZj a}+sn] ut dfr{df o:tf gjLgtd ljrf/sf] cfXjfg u/]kl5 ljZjsf k|To]s s'gfaf6 k|fKt sl/a @& ;o k|:tfjx?af6 ^# /fi6|sf ! ;o *# k|:tfjx? clGtd r/0fsf] k|lt:kwf{df 5flgPsf lyP .
pQm k|:tfjx?dWo] ef/taf6 !#, lkmlnlkG;af6 *, g]kfnaf6 &, Olyof]lkof / d]lS;sf]af6 5 5 j6f ;fd]n ePsf lyP .
;f] sfo{qmd cGtu{t of] jif{sf] ljifo k|;+u eg] æul/a hgtfsf nflu nfek|b ;]jf k'¥ofpg]Æ (Making Services Work for Poor People) /x]sf] 5 .
h'g ljZj a}+ssf] ul/aL lgd"{n ug]{ p2]Zo leq kb{5 .
ljutdf em}+ of] jif{ klg P8\; /f]u, jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs ljsf;, ;fgf tyf dWod ju{sf pBf]u, u|fdL0f s[lif ljsf;, lzIff, vfg]kfgL / :jf:Yo h:tf If]qx?nfO{ ;d]6]/ k|:tfjx? k|:t't ul/Psf lyP .
jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt ljZj a}+ssf] k|wfg sfof{nodf ut l8;]Da/ # / $ tfl/vdf ePsf] clGtd r/0fsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 ljleGg ;ftj6f k|:tfjx? ;fd]n /x]sf lyP .
a"9fgLns07 :s'nsf k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g ;]A;sf] /fli6|o 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd cGtu{t æ8f]sf] bfOÆ, dWod k|ljlw ljsf; ;d"x g]kfn (ITDG) tkm{af6 ækxf8L If]qdf j}slNks oftfoft k|0ffnLÆ, k|To]s 3/df lstfj ;+:yfaf6 æ;fIf/tfsf nflu 3'DtL k':tsfnoÆ, ?d 6' l/8 ;+:yfaf6 æafnaflnsfsf nflu :yfgLo efiffdf k':ts k|sfzgÆ, cG;fj gfds ;+:yftkm{af6 æ:yfgLo hgtf / ahf/sf] ;+of]hgdf g]kfnsf h}ljs ljleGgtfsf] ;+/If0fÆ, ljZj ;+/If0f ;+u7g g]kfn (IUCN) tkm{af6 æ:yfgLo k|f]T;fxg4f/f hdLg k|of]usf] ljjfb 36fpg]Æ, :s6Nof08sf] Paf]8{l8g ljZj ljBfnosf] tkm{af6 æ/f]huf/Lsf nflu ef/t k|j]z ug]{ g]kfnLx?sf nflu P8;\ /f]u;DaGwL 1fg zlQm a9fpg]Æ / af]:6gl:yt Dof;fRo';]6\; OlG:6Ro'6 ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hL (MIT) tkm{af6 æu|fdL0f g]kfnsf nflu cfif{lgs jfof]:of08 lkmN6/Æ, lyof] .
pQm cj;/df ljleGg lsl;dsf k|ljlwx?sf k|:tfjgf ePsf dWo] ef/taf6 df]6/;fOsndf OG6/g]6 / lk|G6/ ;d]tsf] sDKo'6/, l8lh6n Sofd/f df]jfOn kmf]g /fv]/ u|fdL0f If]qdf n}hfg], d+uf]lnofaf6 nf]k x'g nfu]sf df5f dfg{sf nflu nfO;]G; k|ljlwsf] :yfkgf ug]{, tfGh]lgofaf6 d';fnfO{ tflnd lbO{ dflg;sf] y'saf6 6LjL /f]usf z+sfx? kQf nufpg] ;DaGwL k|:tfjgfx?nfO{ ljZj a}+sn] k'/:s[t u/]sf] 5 .
;f]xL cGtu{t g]kfnaf6 k|fKt ;ft k|:tfjgfx?dWo] tLg j6f kl/of]hgfx? k'/:s[t x'g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
h;dWo cfO{o";LPgnfO{ ! s/f]8 $# nfv, ;]A;nfO{ ! s/f]8 @$ nfv / PdcfO{6LnfO{ *^ nfv ?k}ofF cg'bfg k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
cfO{o";LPgsf] kl/of]hgfn] sf]zL 6Kk' If]q aGo hGt' cf/If0fdf nf]k x'g nfu]sf] cgf{ ;+/If0fsf nflu :yfgLo ls;fgx?;Fu ldln 3/kfn'jf e}+;Lx?nfO{ cgf{;Fuaf6 ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg u/fpg] 5 .
ptf 8f]sf] bfO kl/of]hgfn] eg] dx]Gb| gu/ / afx|lj;]df If]lqo ;|f]t s]Gb|x? :yfkgf u/L afx| afx| hgf 8f]sf] bfO / lbbLsf ;d'xx? dfkm{t\ u|fdL0f If]qdf k':ts klqsf nufotsf cGo ;fdu|Lx? 3'DtL ljt/0f ug]{ / afnaflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf nflu tLg ;o hgf ul/a tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] k|bfg ug]{5 .
o;}u/L PdcfO{6Lsf] kl/of]hgfn] eg] :of08 lkmN6/sf] k|of]uaf6 t/fO{sf u|fdL0f If]qdf hdLgaf6 lgsflng] vfg]kfgLsf ;|f]tx?df ldl>t ljiffn' tTj cfif{lgs / cGo ls6f0f'x?nfO{ x6fO ;kmf / z'4 lkpg] kfgLsf nflu vr{ ug]{ 5 .
ljZjsf $& k'/:s[t kl/of]hgfdWo] g]kfnaf6 tLgj6f kg'{ g]kfnLx?sf] ;[hgzLntf / nugzLntfsf] sb/ /x]sf] s'/f dfGg ;lsG5 .
ljZj a}+sn] k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g ;]A;nfO{ ljZjf; u/]/ cg'bfg /sd lbPsf] of] klxnf] gd"gf xf] . o;}u/L ;]A;sf nflu klg cGt/f{li6|o 5ljsf] vfFrf] /x]sf] a]nfdf of] Ps a/bfg ;fljt ePsf] s'/f ;]A; pQ/ cd]l/sfsf cWoIf ls/0f l;6f}nf atfpg'x'G5 .
;/sf/n] a"9fgLns07 :s'ndf u/]sf] nufgLnfO{ ;xL atfpFb} cfh x'Dnfsf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIfb]lv lnP/ ljZj a}+s / cGt/f{li6|o d'b|f sf]if clg ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3 nufot ljleGg #@ /fi6|df 5l/P/ /x]sf ;]A;sf k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] af}l4s ;DklQnfO{ OG6/g]6 k|ljlw4f/f b]zsf] ljsf;sf] sfd nufpg] of] z'?cft dfq xf] / cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnsf nflu 8f]sf] bfO h:tf ljsf;sf yk ;]jf k'¥ofpg sl6a4 /xg] ljZjf; pxfFsf] /x]sf] 5 .

n;PGhn;df a'4wd{ ;DaGwL k|bz{gL

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
n;PGhn; l8;]Da/ !!, @))#

;fpy Pl;og snf s]Gb|, n;PGhn; sfpG6L ckm cf6{sf] cfof]hgfdf cfpFbf] l8;]Da/ !! b]lv !$ tfl/v;Dd a'4 wd{;DaGwL ljljw ljifosf af/]df k|bz{g x'g] ePsf] 5 . k|bz{gsf nflu g]kfnaf6 a'4 wd{sf u'efHo" ab|L/Tg ah|frfo{sf] pkl:ylt /xg] s'/f cfof]hsx?af6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .
n;PGhn;sf] sfpG6L ;+u|fnodf lgz'Ns k|b{zg x'g] nfu]sf] pQm k|bz{gLdf g]kfnaf6 cfPsf u'efHo"n] a'l4i6 k/Dk/fsf] g]kfnL emns, a'l4:6 d08nfsf] k|bz{gL, k"hfkf7sf] k|bz{gL, g[To / ;fwgfaf/] ToxfF hfgsf/L u/fOg] 5 .
sfo{qmd 8f= 8Lgf afª\b]n, 8f= g/]zdfg ah|frfo{ tyf k|f]km];/ hf]g ;L xgl6+u6gsf] ljz]if ;lqmotfdf ug{ nfluPsf] o; sfo{qmdsf af/]df ag{xf8{6 sn]h, sf7df8f}+sf cGt/f{li6|o ljsf; lgb]{zs tyf n;PGhn;l:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfodf ;lqmo /xFb} cfpg'ePsf uf]s'n kf}8]nn] g]kfnL kf]i6nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] xf] .

e"ld;'wf/sf] d'4f cfd ax;sf] d'4f x'gkg]{

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
sf7df8}+f, l8;]Da/ *, @))#

g]kfndf !) nfv eGbf a9L hgtfx? e"dLxLg /x]sf] tYo /x]sf]df pgLx?sf] e"lddfly kx'+r geO{ NofOg] s'g}klg e"ld;'wf/sf] d'4fn] k"0f{tf gkfpg]df lj1x?n] ;xdlt JoQm u/]sf 5g\ ;fy} pgLx?n] e"ld;'wf/ ;DaGwL xfn;Dd rflnPsf ;/sf/L k|of;x? c;kmn ePsf]n] ;/sf/n] Nofpg vf]h]sf] æhgd'vL e"ld;'wf/ÆnfO{ cfd ax;sf ?kdf ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{df lj1x?n] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .
dlGqkl/ifb\df 5nkmnsf nflu k'u]sf] / s]xLlbgdf g} cWofw]z dfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs x'g] elgPsf] hgd'vL e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ljutsf cg'ejx?nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]/ e"cfl>tx?sf] ;d:of xn ug{sf nflu 5nkmndf Nofpg ;'emfj lb+b} lj1x?n] pQm s'/f p7fPsf x'g .
;r]t ;~rf/ d~r / ;fd'bflos cfTdlge{/ ;]jf s]Gb|åf/f cfOtaf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht æg]kfndf e"ld ;jfn / ;/sf/L gLltÆ ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmddf e"ld ;DaGwL rf}yf] ;+zf]wg ljw]osn] e"lddflysf] å}w :jfdLTjsf] cGTo u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]klg cem} ;f9] rf/ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf a]btf{jfn df]xLx? /x]sf] atfpFb} lj1x?n] e"ld;'wf/ ;DaGwL /fHosf] gLltdfly k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfjZostf cf}+NofPsf lyP .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} s[lif cy{zf:qL 8f= bLk]Gb| If]qLn] g]kfndf cem}klg hUufdflysf] :jfdLTjsf] cGof}ntf /x]sf] rrf{ ug'{eof] . ;/sf/L gLltx? k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] pxfFsf] l6Kk0fL lyof] . pxfFn] ul/a hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf] e"ld ;DaGwdf gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf] ;+j]bgzLntf gb]lvPsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|zf;lgs ;lqmotf / :ki6 ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf e"ld hf]Tg]sf] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lb+b} /fli6"o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= xl/s[i0f pkfWofon] g]kfnsf] hldgsf] pTkfbsTj zlQmdf x|f; cfO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . æclxn] ;/sf/;+u ePsf tYox? e/kbf{ 5}gg\ . To;}n] ;d:of cfOk/]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] v]tL k|0ffnL cg'ko'Qm eO;s]sf]n] s[lifsf] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 u/L ;du| /fli6"o cy{tGqdf a[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofosf] nflu gf}nf] pTkfbg k|0ffnL cfjZos 5 . s[lifn] g} ;du| hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ wfGg g;Sg] ePsf]n] s[lifdf cfl>tx?sf] ;+Vof 36fpg]tkm{ /fHon] ;f]Rg'kb{5 .Æ pkfWofon] eGg'eof] . pkfWofon] ls;fgx?sf] lxtsf nflu e"a}+ssf] cfjZostfdf /x]sf] / hldgsf] d'4fnfO{ cfly{s lxtsf lbzfdf x]l/g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf ljutsf cg'ej ;'gfpFb} k"j{ e"ld;'wf/ dGqL huGgfy cfrfo{n] ;/sf/L gLltx? /fd|f ag]klg sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+oGq 7Ls gePsf] u'gf;f] JoQm ug'{eof] . æd}n] d]/f] dGqLsfndf sfd ug{ vf]h]sf] xF' t/ /fhg}lts bafasf sf/0f ;lsg . clxn]sf k|wfgdGqLsf] hldg vf]:g yfNbf d}n] /fhLgfdf ug'{k¥of] .Æ cfrfo{n] /fhg}lts k|lta4tf gePsf]df b'Mv JoQm ub}{ eGg'eof] . ædf]xLsf] ;d:of clxn];Dd ;lsPsf] 5}g\ . of] ;'NemfOg'k5{ . Pp6} nfnk'hf{df ;a}sf] hldg b]lvg] x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} u'7L nufotsf hUufx?af/] gofF 9+un] ;f]lrg'k5{ . xbaGbLsf ;jfndf kl/jf/sf] kl/efiff km]l/g'kb{5 .Æ pxfFsf] d'Vo hf]8 lyof] . cfrfo{ e'ld;'wf/ dGqL x'+bf pBf]usf gfddf lnPsf t/ k|of]u gul/Psf] hUuf vf]:g] qmddf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkfsf] wgs'6fdf /x]sf] $)) ljufxf eGbf a9L hUuf k/]sf]n] ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] lyof] .
@)%@ ;fndf tTsflng e"ld;'wf/ cfof]usf cWoIf s]zj a8fnn] g]kfndf ljBdfg e"ld;d:of xnug{ /fhg}lts k|lta4tf gePsf] u'gf;f] JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xbaGbL cfjZos /x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ a8fnn] ljBdfg e":jfdLTjsf ;a} ?kx?sf] cGTo ul/g'kg]{, a]btf{jfn df]xLx?nfO{ btf{ ug'{kg]{, e"pkof]u gLlt nfu' ug'{kg]{, s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu rSnfaGbL z'? ul/g'kg]{ s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ a8fn e"ld ;'wf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf x'+bf tTsflng g]skf Pdfn]sf tkm{af6 e"ld;'wf/ dGqL /xg'ePsf /fwfs[i0f d}gfnLn] eg] g]kfndf hUuf af+8]/ ul/aL lgjf/0f x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] s[lifsf] k"FhLs/0f ul/g'kg]{df ljz]if hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
df]xLx?sf] xsnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{sf] ;f6f] df]xLx?nfO{ g} ;dfKt kfg]{ rfnafhL /fHon] u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} ;dfhzf:qL ;Ltf/fd tfdf+un] xfdLn] vf]h]sf] e"ld;'wf/ s] sf nflu / s;sf nflu eGg] s'/fsf] 6'+uf] nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf blntx?n] e"lddfly kx'+r gePs} sf/0f gful/stfaf6 al~rt x'g'k/]sf] tYo k|:t't ub}{ blnt ;]jf ;+3sf rqmdfg ljZjsdf{n] /fHon] blntx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ hgd'vL e"ld;'wf/ 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
/fli6"o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf kbdl;+x ljZjsdf{ Ps 3/ Ps /f]huf/sf] cfwf/df e"ld;'wf/ x'gkg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . æe"dL gb]Vg]x?sf] xftdf ;of}+ ljufxf, sfd ug]{x? ef]s}Æ /x]sf 5g\ . of] l:ylt cGTo gul/Pdf ;fdflhs ljb|f]x rs{g ;S5 .Æ jxfFn] lrGtf JoQm ug'{eof] . g]skf Pstfs]Gb| d;fnsf k|jQmf ;f]gfdn] clxn]sf g]tf / ax'bnLo bnx?n] e"ld;'wf/nfO{ jf:tjd}+ sfof{Gjog unf{g eg]/ ljZjf; gnfu]sf] atfp+b} ljgf d'cfAhf ;Dk"0f{ e"ld /fli6"os/0f u/]/ clwstd pTkfbgsf nflu sfo{qmd nUg' g} jf:tljs e"ld;'wf/ ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf ;r]t ;~rf/ d~rsf uf]s0f{ e§n] pTkfbg ;DaGwl;t ;f]em} uf+l;Psf] e"ldd'4fnfO{ lsgf/fdf kfg]{ if8oGq eO/x]sf] atfp+b} ;d'lrt e"ldsf] Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f / e"ldsf] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 x'g] lsl;dn] dfq e"ld;'wf/ x'g;Sg]df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . jxf+n] clxn]sf] ;/sf/n] ;fgfltgf ;'wf/sf sfdx? b]vfP/ d'Vo ;d:ofaf6 Wofg ljd'v ug]{ sfd u/]sf] atfp+b} df]xL / e"ldxLgx?sf] ;d:of ;'Nemfpg dfu ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf df]xLx?sf] tkm{af6 af]Nb} ;'/]z g]kfnn] df]xLx? clxn] 3/ g 3f6sf] l:yltdf /x]sf]n] a]btf{jfn df]xLx?nfO{ tTsfn btf{ ug'{kg]{ ;'emf lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 cfPsf df]xL dlxnf ;'gdfof tfdf+un] klg cfkm\gf] j]bgf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
;fdflhs ;/f]sf/sf d'4fx?nfO{ /fli6"o ax;sf ?kdf p7fg ug{ k|oTgzLn /x]sf] dQrn] g]kfndf e"ld;DaGwL p7]sf ;jfnx?dfly lg/Gt/ ax; rnfpg] p2]Zo cg'?k cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd cfufdL lbgx?df ;d]t lg/Gt/ x'g] atfPsf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf e"ld;'wf/ dGqfnosf k|jQmf ?b| k|;fb >]i7, s[lif dGqfnosf k|jQmf gf/fo0f k|;fb /]UdL, g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_ sf 8f= dLg]Gb| l/hfn, g]skf Pstfs]Gb| d;fnsf k|ltlglw ;f]gfd, lqlj u|fdL0f ljsf; ljefusf 8f= k|]d zdf{, ;]8f sf xdLb cG;f/L, cfOo'l;Pgsf 8f= lji0f' pk|]tL, PS;gP8sf /fhs'df/ lqvqL nufotsf jQmfx?n] e"ld;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx?n] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 / ;fdflhs GofonfO{ ;d]6g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
/fli6"o hgu0fgf @)$* cg';f/ g]kfndf /x]sf $@ nfv %# xhf/ kl/jf/dWo] sl/a !) nfv kl/jf/ e"ldlxg 5g\ . To;}u/L @)%* sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ tNnf] txsf $) k|ltztn] ( k|ltzt hldg cf]u6]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L csf]{ k|ltj]bg cg';f/ dflysf & k|ltztn] em08} %@ k|ltzt hldg cf]u6]sf 5g\ . @)%! ;fnsf] e"ld;'wf/ dGqfnosf] k|ltj]bgn] ;/sf/L /]s8{f # nfv &% xhf/ btf{jfn df]xL /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ljefun] @)%&,@)%* df lnPsf] #% lhNnfsf] /]s8{df @ nfv ** xhf/ @^! btf{jfn df]xL /x]sf] hgfO{Psf] 5 . o;afx]s ljleGg tYof+sn] rf/ nfv %) xhf/ kl/jf/ a]btf{jfn df]xL /x]sf] cf+s8f k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L c?sf] hldg hf]Tg]df clwsf+z e"ldlxg, blnt / u/La kl/jf/ /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf e"ldnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] s"nufx{:y pTkfbgdf o;sf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ ;/sf/L tYof+sx?dfly e/ kg]{ xf] eg] klg s[lif IF]qwn] /fli6"o cfodf $) bv]lv $@, /f]huf/Ldf *!, lgof{t ;xofudf *@=% k|ltztn] of]ubfg k'ufPsf] b]lvG5 . d'n'ssf &^ k|ltzt dflg;sf] lhljsf]kfh{g s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5 eg] %! nfv dflg; s[lif dhb"/sf ?kdf Uujfnsxf+ sfd ug{ afWo /x]sf 5g\ .
of] l:yltdf e"lddfly cfl>tx?sf] e"ld clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f gul/sg / h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]tsf cfwf/df Gofok"0f{ e"ldljt/0f gul/sg NofOg] s'g}klg e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg] tYox? :jo+n] k'li6 ub{5g\ .

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dfly pNn]lvt ;Djfb @)%( efb| @( /ftL dsjfgk'/ km's]{rf}/ xgf{df0fL uf=lj=;= lgjf;L s]za zdf{ / ;'/Iff u:tLsf sdf08/ aLr ePsf] xf] . olt elg;s]kl5 klxn]b]lv g} 3/ 3]/]/ a;]sf ;'/IffsdL{n] a[4 zdf{nfO{ n5f/ k5f/ u/L esfes s'6\g yfn] . 3/df vfgtnfl; ubf{ s]xL ge]6]kl5 æn eg\ t]/f] 5f]/f sxfF 5 < / c:tL PDa'; yfKg] dfcf]jfbL sxfF n's]sf 5g\ <Æ eGb} nflQ / d'8\sL a;f{pg yfn] . PSsfl; o:tf] csNkgLo kl/l:ylt / a/{a/tfsf] ;fdgf ug{ k/]sf] kl/jf/sf cGo ;box? >LdtL / @ 5f]/fx? cQflNnP/ lrRofpg yfn] . /ldtf x]/]/ a;]sf] ;}lgs clkm;/ ;fdg] cfkm\gf] >Ldfgsf] hLjg /Iffsf] lev dfUb} cg'go ljgo ub}{ v'§f ;dft]/ nDkf;f/ k/]sL >LdtL zdf{nfO{ pN6}nflQn] xflgof] t/ zdf{ dflysf] k|xf/df s'g} sdL ePg . o:tf] b]v/ cfkm\gf] afa' tL od/fhsf b'tx?sf] k~hfaf6 5'6fpg hfFbf 5f]/f ;fhLg zdf{nfO{ klg d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L lk6/ cr]t agfO 5fl8of] eg] s]zj zdf{nfO{ l3;fb}{ cfkm" ;Fu}] lnP/ uP . t/ >f]tn] pgsf] lu/km\tf/LnfO{ 7f8} OGsf/ u¥of] .
dsjfgk'/sf] dfcf]jfbL clt k|efljt If]q kmfk/jf/L, 5ltjg, nufotsf :yfgx? lgoldt u:tL u/]/ ;b/d'sfd x]6f}8f kmls{b} u/]sf] ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] uf8L dfcf]jfbLn] lj5\ofPsf] ljB'tLo w/fkdf k/L @)%( efb| @& df km's]{rf}/ xgf{df0fLdf !! hfgsf] d[To eof] eg] bh{g eGbf a9L 3fOt] eP . o; 36gfaf6 qm'4 ag]sf] ;'/Iff kmf}hn] ufpFdf hf] e]6\of] To;}nfO{ dfcf]jfbL 7fgL :j]t cftª\s dRofpg yfn] .
dfcf]jfbL g]tf tyf If]qLo sdf08/ s= /d]z -?b|axfb'/ kflv|g_ tyf s[i0f vltj8f ;Fu nfu]/ zdf{sf h]7f 5f]/f k|zfGt @)%^ ;fnd} dfcf]jfbLsf] k"0f{sfnLg ;b:o agL e"ldut ePsf lyP . o;}nfO{ lgx'F agfP/ zdf{sf] kl/jf/nfO{ k|zf;gn] ;k{dfly u?8sf] gh/ k/]h:t} k6sk6s ;tfO/x]sf] zdf{nfO{ efb| @( ut] ckx/0f ul/of] . km's]{rf}/ cfqmd0fsf] ;kmn g]t[Tj ug]{ dfcf]jfbL g]tf ?b| axfb'/ kflv|g s]xL ;odkl5 ;'/Iff kmf}hsf] sfjf{xLdf dfl/;lsPsf 5g\ . o;/L cfkm\g}3/af6 ckx/0f ul/Psf s]za zdf{sf] klg d[Q z/L/ sf7df8f}+sf] lzjk'/L h+undf ldlt @)^) sflt{s @* ut] e]l6Psf] 5 . zdf{sf] ckx/0f kZrft dflxnf 5f]/f ;flhg pkrf/fy{ sf7df8f}+ cfPsf / l5d]sL ljsf; vgfnsf] 8]/fdf a;]sf] lyP . cfkm\gf] afa'sf] xfn a'em\g cfdf;Fu ;Dks{ ubf{ cfkm"NfO{ klg kqmfp ug{ egL k|x/Lx? k6sk6s 3/df cfO vfgtnf;L u/]sf]n] 3/df gcfO{ ar]/ a:g gq Hofg hfg] cj:yf ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 ljsf; vgfnsf] ;xof]un] cGoq ;'/lIft efUg ;kmn eP eg] >LdtL zdf{ / sfG5f 5f]/f ;'lgt ufpF 5f8L cGoq uPsf 5g\ . xfn sxfF 5g\ s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g sf7df8f}+ 6"fen Ph]G;df sfo{/t ljsf; vgfnn klg c;f]h @ ut] sf]7faf6 vfgf vfO{ clkm; lxF8]sf xfn;Dd klg gkmls{Psf] hfgsf/L 3/dflnsn] lbPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L x]6f}8f gu/kflnsf xfn sf7df8f}+ uf]Ns'kfvf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf ofbj kl08tsf] nf; sflt{s @( ut] sf7df8f}+sf] uf]s0f{l:yt h+un glhs e]l6Psf] 5 . kl08tsf] nf;sf] k|s[lt x]bf{ xTof u/]/ kmflnPsf] tYo v'n]sf] . d[tssf] z/L/ e/L 3fprf]6 / lgn8fd ePsf] b]Vg]x? atfpF5g\ . o; k+lQmsf/n] d[ts kl08tsf] af/]df a'em\bf s] /x:o v'Ng cfof] eg] s]xL ;do klxn] lghsf clt ldNg] ;fyL c?0f /fh s'Fj/nfO{ k|zf;gn] clt Jou|tfsf ;fy vf]hL ul/x]sf a]nf cf>o lbP/ ;'/lIft tj/n] eufPs} sf/0fn] k|zf;g4f/f xTof ePsf] x'g;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
k|zf;gåf/f s]xL;do klxn] ljleGg xys08f ckgfO cgfof; Hofgs} afhL nufpg' kg]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf s'Fj/nfO{ @)%* sflt{s @# ut] @)%* h]7 !( ut]sf] b/jf/ xTofsf08 lgof]lht tj/n] 36fOPsf] xf] / kf/;nfO{ s'g} klg xftndf o'j/fh 3f]lift ul/g'x'Gg eg]/ To:sf] lj?4df :jtM :km"t{ ?kn] k|bz{gsf] tof/L eO/x]sf] a]nfdf k|zf;gåf/f x:tIf]ksf] sf/0fn] k|bz{g efFl89f] / ToxL a]nf s]xL JolQmx? lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf lyP . t/ s'Fj/ eg] ToxfFaf6 efUg ;kmn ePsf lyP . klxn] klg lgh s'Fj/ k|zf;gåf/f kqmfp k/]sf / kf6L{sf] bafasf sf/0f 5fl8Psf lyP . Tolx ;dob]lv g} pgL dfly gh/ /flvFb} cfPsfn] pgL pQm lbg k|zf;gsf] cufl8 k|i6 klxrfg eP / kqmfp ug{ Jofks vf]hL ul/of] . pgL /fhg}lts b[li6sf]0fn] sfFu|]; ;dy{s /x] klg b]zdf 3]6sf pyn k'ynn] ubf{ dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf e|i6 tyf u}/ lhDd]jf/dfly sfjf{xLsf] v'n]/ ;dy{g ug]{ ePsf]n] k|zf;g pgLdfly z;+lst lyof] . o;sf/0f k|zf;gsf] cfFvf 5Nb} klxn] xl6ofsf ;fyL s]zj /f]Ssfsf] 3/df / cGtf ofbj kl08tsf] 3/df ;'/lIft cf>o lnO{ pgs} ljz]if d2tn] k|jfzdf efUg ;kmn eP . o;/L lu/km\tf/Lsf] nflu lta| vf]hL eO/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ eufPs} sf/0f k|zf;g pgL k|lt qm'4 eof] / ljleGg axfgdf k|zf;gsf] sf]kefhsf] lzsf/ e}/xg' k¥of] eg] s'Fj/nfO{ n'sfpg dbt u/]sf]df xl6ofsf s]zj /f]Ssf e"ldut x'g afWo ePsf 5g\ . ptf k|jfzdf /x]sf c?0f/fh;Fu 6]lnkmf]g ;+ks{ ul/ a'em\bf ToxfF klg pgL k"0f{ ;'/lIft g/x]sf] / s'ga]nf lghnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'k'b{uL x'g'kg]{ xf] 7]ufgf gePsf] atfP . dfgj clwsf/sf]b b'xfO lbg] b]zd} xfn;Dd cf>o lnP/ a;]sf s'Fj/sf] t o:tf] bogLo cj:yf 5 eg] oxfF cGo ;j{wf/0fsf] ;'/Iff l:ylt s:tf] xf]nf < ;lhn} a'em\g ;lsG5 .
o;}u/L ut sflt{s & ut] sfe]|knf~rf]s lhNnf e"ld8fF8fl:yt 3/df al;/x]sf] 5 hgfnfO{ ;}lgs4f/f lhpFb} hnfP/ df/]sf 5g\ . @)%% ;fn r}q % ut] sfe|]s} cg]sf]6df ;ft hgfnfO{ xTof u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} cgfxsdf k|zf;gsf] aqm b[li6 k/L ljleGg ;dodf k|zf;gåf/f lzsf/ ePsf bltjg uf=lj=;= sf xs{ l;+ tfdfª, kmfk/jf/Lsf z]/axfb'/ uf]n], x]6f}+8f s[lif ljsf; a}+sdf ad lj:kmf]6gsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf s}nf;h+u sfsL{ tyf ;f]xL a}+ssf /d]z vqL klg csfndf Hofg u'dfpg' kg]{ ePsfn] e"ldut x'g afWo ul/Psf 5g\ . pgLx? ljb]zLPsf x'g\ of dfcf]jfbLsf] hg o'4df ;fd]n ePsf x'g\ tYo hfgsf/L v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g .
;Dk"0f{ ;+a}wflgs kf6L{x?nfO{ kfvf nufP/ gfd dfqsf] k|wfgdGqL / ;/sf/ agfP/ gf6s b]vfO{ k|ToIf ;fzg u/]sf /fhfsf] ;/sf/n] Psflt/ hgtfsf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff / b]zdf cdg rog sfod u/fO{ zflGt axfnL ug]{ b'xfO{ lbO/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ cfkm\gf] lj?4df nfUg] hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg 7]ufgf nufpg ckx/0f anfTsf/, s'6kL6 / xTof ;d]t ug]{ h:tf] lgs[i6 sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] :j]t cftª\saf6 kLl8t eP/ s}of}+n] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5, sof} r]nLsf] l;Fpbf] k'l5Psf] 5, s}of}+ cfdfsf] sf]v l/lQPsf] 5 eg] s}of}+ kl/jf/ 3/af/ ljlxg eO{ cfkm\g} b]zdf z/0ffyL{ hLjg latfpg' k/]sf] 5 / sof}+ ljb]lzg k/]sf] 5 o:sf] s'g} n]vfhf]vf 5}g .
;+;f/e/L zflGtsf] ;+b]z km}nfpg] uf}td a'4sf] b]z, æclx+;f k/df]wd{Æ egL d'ndGq hKg] ljZjsf] Ps df lxGb' clw/fHo zflGt If]q g]kfndf clxn] g]kfnLn] g]kfnLnfO{ g} dfg{sf] nflu ljsf;df nufpg] vr{ ;d]t k|of]u u/L xltof/ v/Lb u/L sL/f km6\ofª\u|f ;/L dfG5] dfl/Psf 5g\ . dfgj clwsf/ / cdgrog ;/sf/L :j]t cftª\ssf] k/fsfi6fn] bjfOPsf] 5 . afWotfaz e"ldut / ljb]lzg] cj:yf slxn];Dd /xg] xf] / cfkm\g} sfnultn] slxn] dg{ kfOg] xf] eg]/ cfh ;f/f b]zaf;L lrlGtt 5g\ .

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kl5Nnf] k6ssf] o'4la/fd e+u ePotf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf6 zfxL ;]gfn] kf6L { Pjd\ laleGg hgauL {o ;+u7g tyf df]rf{df cfa4 s[i0f s]=;L=, 1fg]Gb| lqkf7L , lxdfn zdf{ , afns[i0f >]i7 -afUn'Ë_, eLd/fh dxh{g, a'l4 nfdf , ;/Ltf kf]v|]n nufot s}+of}nfO{ ckx/0f u/L a]kQf agfpg'sf ;fy} pgLx?;Fu /x]sf kf6L{sf o'4 ;fdu|Lx? / dxTjk"0f{ b:tfx? ;d]t ;]gfn] nu]sf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLx?n] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .
g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ dfcf]jfbLsf pkTosf If]qLo Jo'/f]sf OGrfh{ ljhosf gfd4f/f k|]l;t Ps lj1lKt cg';f/ ;/sf/n] sltko o'4;fdfu|L ;lxt kf6L {sf] pkTosf If]lqo Ao"/f]sf] tkm{af6 ;xof]usf nflu cfu|xul/Psf / sAhfdf k/]sf kqx? laz]ifu/L ut sflt{ssf] klxnf] xKtfkl5 laleGg pBf]u, Aoa;foL Pjd\ JolQmx?;Fu log} kq lnP/ ;Qf;Lg ;]gf, k'ln;, ;'/fsL tyf ltgLx?af6 ;+rflnt v/fa tTjx? cfly{s ;+sng ug{ lxl8/x]sf] a'lemPsfn] ;f] ;do-cawL kl5 cfPsfx?nfO{ s'g} klg ;xof]u gug{ ;DalGwt dfcf]jfbLsf If]qLo OGrfh{n] cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
;fy} cfkm\gf] kf6L {n] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf tLg j6} lhNnfdf pkTosf If]qLo Ao"/f]sf] gfddf p=If]=Ao"=OGrfh{ ljhoåf/f x:tfIfl/t lzi6 efiffdf n]lvPsf] kq dfq k|of]u u/]sf] xF'bf ;f] cawL cl3 klg laleGg gfddf ufnL-unf}h ub}{ n]lvPsf lrÝLx? kf6L {sf cflwsfl/s gePsf ;d]t lj1lKtdf hgfOPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L g]jf M /fli6"o d'lQm df]rf{sf] s]=;=;= tyf kf6L { sfo{stf{ /fh]Gb| dfnLn] kf6L {sf] uf]klgotf vf]Ng], ;]N6/x? Pjd\ o'4;fdfu|L ;d]t ;/sf/L kIfnfO{ a'emfpg] h:tf 3[l0ft ultljlwdf ;+nUg ePsf] a'lemPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ kf6L { tyf df]rf{af6 lgnDag u/L cg';Gwfg k|s[of cl3 a9fOPsf] ;d]t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L lautdf /jL sfsL {sf] ;DaGwdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 oy]i6 hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] / lghsL >LdtL nIdL dxh{gsf] gfddf kf6L{sf] k};faf6 gofFahf/df hUuf-hldg vl/b ul/Psf] a'lemPsfn] ;f] hUuf-hldgsf] lsga]r k|ltalGwt ul/Psf] s'/f d+;L/ !^ ut] k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

8L;Ldf a'9fgLns07sf k|wfgfWofkssf] ;Ddfg

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ #), @))#

pQ/ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf] a'9fgLns07 ljBfnodf k9]/ cfPsf k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g ;]A;n] zlgaf/ ;fFem a'9fgLns07 ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{sf] ;Ddfgdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/\of] .
pQm cj;/df ;f] ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks zdf{n]] b]zsf] /fhgLlts sf/0fn] k/]sf] z}lIfs c:tJo:tfleq cfkm\gf] ljBfnonfO{ vf;} c;/ gk/]sf] atfpFb} ljutdf kfFrj6f ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7gn] ljBfno aGb ug]{ sfo{qmdsf cj;/df s]xL ;do tfnfaGbL u/fPsf eP klg pgLx?;dIf k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+u7g ;]A;s} dfWod4f/f ljBfnoaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 xfn pgLx?sf nflu klg of] ljBfno gd"gfsf ?kdf k|:t't ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ug'{eof] .
pQm ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{dWo] &) k|ltzt eGbf a9L ljBfyL{x? ljb]zlt/} k9\g uPsf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ zdf{n] k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+7gdfkm{t\ ljBfnonfO{ 7"nf] ;xof]u eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
;f] ljBfnodf Ps ltxfO{ ljBfyL{x? b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfaf6 ;/sf/L 5fqj[lQ k|bfg u/L lnOg] u/]sf] / cGo b'O{ ltxfO{ eg] z'Ns lt/]/ egf{ lnOg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] s'/f atfpFb} ljBfno ;fj{hlgs z}lIfs u'7L cGtu{t ;~rfng eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .
cfkm"nfO{ cd]l/sfdf z}lIfs e|d0f u/fpg lgdGq0ff ug'{x'g] pQ/ cd]l/sf ;]A;sf cWoIf ls/0f l;6f}nf, dxf;lrj ;fu/ jGt, sfo{jfxs pkfWoIf n'k, sf]iffWoIf o'j/fh cfrfo{, pQ/ cd]lsf/sf ;]A;sf cGo ;b:ox? nufot /fhg g]kfn / ;'/h bfxfnnfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] .
ljqmd ;Djt\ @)$) ;fnb]lv ljBfnosf ljleGg kbdf /xL ljqmd ;Djt\ @)%@ ;fnb]lv k|wfgfWofkssf] kb ;dfNb} cfpg'ePsf zdf{n] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf ljBfno ljutdf a]nfotLx?4f/f ;~rfng ul/Psf] eGbf lgSs} g} /fd|f] :t/df k|ult u/]sf] hfgsf/L klg pxfFn] lbg'eof] .
@)$& ;fnb]lv pQm ljBfnodf 5fqfx?nfO{ klg k|j]; ug{ yflnPsf] / cfufdL lbgx?df 5fq / 5fqfx?sf] ;+Vof a/fa/L u/fpg] lt/ ljz]if Wofg lbOg] hfgsf/L pxfFn] lbg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df k|Zgf]Q/ sfo{qmddf zdf{n] c+u|]hL afx]s xfn lrlgofF efiff k9fpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] / cfufdL lbgx?df cGo ljb]zL efiffx? klg k9fpFb} n}hfg] of]hgf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
ckm\gf] ljBfnodf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf nflu dfq egf{ lnOg] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} g]kfndf /x]sf ljleGg b"tfaf;sf sd{rf/Lsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ k//fi6| dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt ePdf / ;L6 /x]df P n]endf k|j]; u/fOg] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] a'9fgLns07 ljBfno g]kfnsf] Pp6f gd"gf ljBfno ePsf] atfpFb} o;n] b]zsf] z}lIfs If]qdf h;/L k|ult ub}{ uPsf] 5 o;sf nflu cfufdL lbgdf klg pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ug'{eof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf pQ/ cd]l/sf ;]A;sf cWoIf ls/0f l;6f}nfn] ljBfno ;~rfng ug{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/df t];|f] ljZj / klZrdL hutdf /x]sf] b"/L sd u/fpgsf nflu k|wfgfWofkssf] z}lIfs e|d0f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . l;6f}nfn] o; sfo{qmddf k|wfgfWofks zdf{nfO{ cd]l/sfsf ljleGg ljBfno / ljZjljBfnox?sf] z}lIfs e|d0f u/fO{ ldn]df cfjf;Lo ljBfyL{ cfbfgk|bfg sfo{qmd ;d]t ldnfpg] k|of; ul/g] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
cfkm"n] k9]sf] ljBfnon] /fhf tyf k|hfnfO{ s'g} e]befj gu/L Ps} 7fpFdf k9fP/ ;fdflhs Gofo lbPsf] 5 eGb} o:tf] ljBfnox? b]zsf cGo efux?df ;d]t vf]Nb} hfg'kg]{ / ;/sf/sf] o;k|lt Wofg hfg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df g]kfnaf6 ljZj a}+ssf] lgdGq0ffdf 8f]sf] bfO kl/of]hgf lnP/ a}+sn] lbg] /sd cg'bfgsf nflu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ cfOk'Ug' x'g] ;]A; g]kfnsf k"j{ cWoIf ;'/h bfxfnn] ;]A;n] u/]sf ljleGg lqmofsnfksf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
;f]xL cj;/df /fli6|o 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd pQ/ cd]l/sfsf cWoIf ;fu/ jGtn] 8f]sf] bfO kl/of]hgfsf af/]df k|sfz kfb}{ ;+;f/sf ljleGg s'gfdf /x] klg OG6/g]6 -;+hfn_sf dfWod4f/f of] kl/of]hgf ljsf; ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbb}+ Ps jif{kl5dfq pQm kl/of]hgfdf ;DnUg /x]sf ljleGg ;xof]uLx?aLr ;f]xL cj;/df dfq e]63f6 ePsf] atfpg'eof] .
pQm 8f]sf] bfO kl/of]hgfn] dx]Gb| gu/ / afx|lj;]df Ps If]qLo ;fd'bfoLs s]Gb|sf] lgdf{0f u/L b"u{d ljBfnox?df 3'DtL k':tsfnosf] 8f]sf] bfOdfkm{t\ kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .
pQm cj;/df k|wfgfWofks zdf{nfO{ k|d'v cltly b"tfaf;sf pklgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] ;]A; pQ/ cd]l/sfsf tkm{af6 tof/ kfl/Psf] ;Ddfgkq / Knfu k|bfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
ut gf]e]Da/ ( sf lbg h]g]efdf /xFb} cfPsf a'9fgLns07 ljBfnosf !@ cf}+ Aofrsf ljBfyL{ tyf ;]A;sf ;lqmo ;b:o lr/GhLjL l;+v8fsf] c;dflxs lgwg ePsf]df pgsf] ;+emgfdf Ps Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] pgsf ;fyL sgs a:g]tn] pgsf] af/]df n]v]sf] kq k9]/ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf a'9fgLns07df k9]/ cfpg] k"j{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ljz]if pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

;To tYosf nflu r'gf}lt

Od]naf6
gf]e]Da/ @(, @))#

dfcf]jfbLx?4f/f zfxL ;]gfdfly cfqmd0f u/]sf] s'/f pgLx?4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx?n] ut sflQs @! ut] aemfª lhNnfsf] lv/ft8Lsf] gfFs] 8fF8fdf u/]sf] cfqmd0faf6 !@ hgf zfxL ;]gfsf] d[To' ePsf] s'/f lj1lKtdf hgfPsf 5g\ .
pQm cj;/df dfcf]jfbLtkm{af6 eg] Ps hgfsf] dfq d[To' ePsf] bfjL pgLx?sf] 5 . pgLx?n] # yfg P;Pncf/ / ;f]sf] uf]nL nufot cGo s]xL xltof/ ;d]t vf];]/ nu]sf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ .
hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn klZrd l8lehg sdf08 ln:g] ufd t];|f] j[u|]8 sfof{no4f/f k|]l;t pQm lj1lKtdf ;~rf/ dGqL sdn yfkf / k|wfg ;]gfkltnfO{ ;f] 36gfsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ hg ;dIf ;To tYo ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;d]t d+l;/ !@ ut] Od]n4f/f k|]l;t lj1lKtdfkm{t\ r'gf}lt lbPsf 5g\ .

Dffwj g]kfnnfO{ sf/jfxLsf] dfu

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ @$, @))#

cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnL /fi6|afbLx?sf] ;+u7g db/Nof08 ckm g]kfnn] dfwj g]kfnsf] /fi6| la/f]wL s[ofsnfksf] la/f]w ub}{ dfwj g]kfnnfO{ sf/jfxLsf] dfu u/]sf] 5 .
pQm ;d'xsf ;efklt clgn kf08]n] gf]e]Da/ @# df Ps jStJo k|sflzt ub}{ ;/sf/n] cft+sf/L 3f]lift u/]sf] JolQmx?nfO{ slxn] l;nu'9L t slxn] nvgf}df uO{ e]6 u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] lgb]{zg lnO cfpgfn] Pdfn]sf dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn g} dfcf]jfbLx?sf] k|'dv gfos x'g\ eGb} /fk|kf, sf+u|];df ;d]t ljrng NofP/ u0ftGqsf nflu lgb]{zssf] e"ldsf Pdfn]n] lgefPsf] cf/f]k kf08]4f/f k|sflzt lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .
Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf clgn kf08] / z]v/ 9'+u]nsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /fi6|jfbL g]kfnLx?sf] ;xeflutfdf lgsflnPsf] pQm lj1lKtdf ef/tn] ;d]t cft+ssf/Lx?nfO{ k|;o lbPsf]df cGt/f{li6|o dfGotf ljkl/t ePsf] hgfpFb} ef/t ;/sf/n] cft+sf/Lx?nfO{ ;'k'b{uL ug{ ;d]t dfu ul/Psf] 5 .

8L;Ldf b'O{ k6s g]kfn ;Djt\

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ @#, @))#

Gf]jf cu{gfOh];g ckm cd]l/sfn] ut gf]e]Da/ !%, tfl/vsf lbg cd]l/sfsf] d]l/Nof08 :6]6 l:yt lXj6gdf g]kfn ;Djtsf] gofF jif{ !!@$ ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfof] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g k|d'v cltly zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;sf pk lgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf ;f] ;+:yfsf cWoIf j]b k|wfg nufot u0f]z sfo:y, lqe'jg t'nfw/, xl/dfg >]i7,bL P;f]l;P;g ckm g]klnh\ Og cd]l/sfsf cWoIf s[i0f lg/f}nf, kf;fk'r cd]l/sfosf ;'/]Gb| k|wfg, /]l8of] bf]efgsf gu]Gb| kf}8\ofn / cd]l/sf g]kfn ;f];fO6Lsf jfl;+6\g 8L ;Lsf dxf;lrj k|]d ;+u|f}nfn] z'esfdgf JoSt ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
;a} aStfx?n] cfkm\gf] efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ u/]/ dfq cfkm\gf] klxrfgnfO{ :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cfzodf hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
lbp;f] % ah]lt/ z'? ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmd ljleGg sfo{qmd ;lxt /flt ;f9] cf7 ;Dd rn]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdn] ljz'4 g]jf/L ;+:s[ltsf] :jfb lbg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .
;+u7gx? km'6\g] qmd g]kfnb]lv g} nfu]sf] afgLn] ubf{ xf]nf oxfF cfP/ klg ut jif{b]lv g]jf cu{gfOh]zg egL kf;fk'r cd]l/sfo kl5 csf]{ g]jf/x?s} ;+:yf v'n]sf] 5 . kf;fk'r cd]l/sfon] eg] ut gf]e]Da/ ! tfl/vsf lbg g} g]kfn ;Dat\ dgfO;s]sf] 5 .

kkm]{S6 /fO8/ k|ltof]lutf

ljkZjL
sf7df+8f}, gf]e]Dj/ @@, @))#

pkTosf 6|flkms k|x/L / /fp08 6]jn g]kfnsf] ;+o"Qm cfof]hgfdf cfh oxfF Ps gf}nf] lsl;dsf] k|ltof]lutf ul/of] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
o; k|ltof]lutfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ;jf/L rfnsnfO{ 6|flkms lgodsf] kfngk|lt ;r]t u/fpg'/x]sf] 6|flkms clwsf/Lx? atfpF5g\ .
kfFr ;o hgf df]6/;fOsn rfns k|ltof]uLn] efu lnPsf] pQm sfo{qmddf 6|flkms lgodsf] k"0f{ kfngf ul/ ljhoL x'g]nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Aoj:yf klg ul/Psf] 5 . 6|flkms lgod kfng u/] gu/]sf] lg/LIf0f ug{sf nflu sf7df+8f}sf ljleGg :yfgdf !& j6f 6|flkms a'y /flvPsf] lyof] .
k|ltof]uLn] jL/]Gb| cGt/fli6|o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|af6 cfˆgf] ofqf z'? ul/ sf7df8f+} / nlntk'/sf laleGg :yfg x'Fb} k'gM ;Dd]ng s]Gb| k'Ug' kg]{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] .

kqsf/ du/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{ cfu|x

lbg]z a:g]t
sf7df8f}+, gf]e]Da/ @@, @))#

g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw tyf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;ldltsf sfof{no ;lrj wgaxfb'/ du/nfO{ sfof{no xftfaf6} c1ft ;d'xn] ckx/0f u/]sf]df g]kfn cd]l/sf kqsf/ ;+3 du/sf] vf]hL ug{sf nflu ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x ub{5 .
o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;ldltsf ;efklt xl/ nD;fnn] Ps k|]; lj1flKt k|sfzg ub}{ eGg'ePsf] 5 æg]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ;ldltsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw Pj+ sfof{no ;lrj wgaxfb'/ du/ l8NnLahf/ u'?h'rf}rl:yt sfof{noaf6 :6]zg/L k;n hfFbf @)^) dlª\;/ @ ut] #=!% ah]af6 sfof{nodf / 8]/fdf ;d]t gcfPsfn] c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] 5 .Ú eGg'x'"b} h;n] ckx/0f u/]sf] eP klg du/sf] t'?Gt l/xfO{sf] dfu ub{5f}+ .Ú ;efklt nD;fnn] ;/sf/n] o; 36gfsf] 5fgljg u/L wgaxfb'/ du/sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ul/of];\ eGg] hf]8bf/ dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 .Ú o;}u/L xfd|f] af6f] kflIfssf ;x;Dkfbs bfgaxfb'/ l3l;ªnfO{ ;d]t c1ft ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]/ a]kQf agfPsf] ;f] kflIfsn] hgfPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 klg wgaxfb'/ du/nfO{ ;/sf/n] k6s k6s a]kQf kfb}{ l/xf ug]{ u/]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] k6s ;+s6sfntfsf klg pgnfO{ kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sfof{noaf6} ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L rf/ dlxgfkl5 l/xf u/]sf] lyof] .

cy{dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgL jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ldf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L gf]e]Da/ @), @))#

Og]hL{ -pmhf{_ ;DaGwL Ps sfo{qmddf efu lng 8L;L cfOk'Ug'ePsf cy{dGqL 8f= k|sfzrGb| nf]xgLsf] ;Ddfgdf 8L;L l:ylt zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;n] a'waf/ ;Ffem :yfgLo g]kfnL ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu Ps e]63f6 sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .
pQm cj;/df cy{dGqL 8f= nf]xgLsf ;fy hn;|f]t ;lrj 8f= lszf]/afa' cof{n / /fli6"o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:o 8f= o'j/fh vltj8fsf] pkl:ylt] lyof] .b"tfaf;sf tkm{af6 pk lgof]u k|d'v ?b| g]kfnn] jxfFx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df cy{dGqL 8f= nf]xgLn] OghL{ -pmhf{_ ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf efu lng cfP/ cfkm"nfO{ gofF s'/fsf] 1fg ePsf] atfpFb} kfgLaf6 xfO8"f]hg lgsfn]/ To;nfO{ ;+rLt u/]/ Tof] xfO8"f]hgaf6 k'gM ljh'nL pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . of] k|ljlw xfd|f] h:tf] b]znfO{ 7"nf] a/bfg g} ;fljt x'g] / of] k|ljlw Tolt uf/f] gePsf] cfkm"n] dx;'; u/]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . pQm k|ljlwsf af/]df cGt/f{li6"o k|of; eO/x]sf] atfpFb} g]kfn h:tf] b]zsf nflu 7"nf] ;+efjgf /x]sf] s'/f JoQm ug'{eof] .
b]zsf af/]df t ;a} yfxf kfpg' g} ePsf] 5, eGb} dGqL 8f= nf]xgLn] b]zdf zflGt / ;a} g]kfnLn] uj{ ug{ ;Sg] lsl;daf6 cufl8 hfg'k5{ eg]/ cfkm"x? nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] .
pxfFn] yKg'eof], clxn]sf] cj:yfdf of] Tolt ;lhnf] eg] 5}g . sltnfO{ cTof; klg nfUg ;S5 . o;df xfdLn] w}o{ /fv]/ ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ /fhgLlt / cfly{s cfwf/ lbg] cjwf/0ffnfO{ af]s]/ uof}+ eg] Pp6f lglZrt ljGb'df cfkm"x? k'Ug] s'/fdf pxfFn] hf]8 lbg'eof] .
cfpFbf] kmfu'g r}t lt/ :yfgLo lgjf{rg ug]{ tof/Ldf ;/sf/ /x]sf] klg pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;f]xL cj;/df dGqL 8f= nf]xgLn] xfn} ljZj a}+sn] g]kfnsf nflu &) ldlnog 8n/ C0f lbPsf]df ljZj a}+ssf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] . pQm cj;/df ljZj a}+s / OG6/g]zgn dlg6l/ km08 -cfOPdPkm_sf g]kfn;Fu ;DalGwt k|ltlglwx?sf] klg pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
pQm e]63f6 sfo{qmd 8L;Ll:yt dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df ePsf] lyof] .

/fhb"t /f0ff cem} c:ktfndf

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
gf]e]Da/ !#, @))#

cd]l/sfsf nflu zfxL g]kfnL /fhb"t hok|tfk /f0ff aflN6df]/sf] hf]gxlKsG; ljZjljBfnol:yt lzIf0f c:ktfndf ljut tLg ;ftfb]lv pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
ut clk|n dlxgfsf] !* tfl/v ljxfgLsf] lx8fOFdf crfgs n8\g'eO{ jfl;+ª6g 8L;Ll:yt jfl;+ª6g c:ktfndf pkrf/fy{ egf{ ul/g'ePsf] lyof] . nfdf] ;do;Dd jfl;+ª6g c:ktfndf /xg'ePkl5 xfn;fn}dfq /fhb"t /f0ffnfO{ aflN6df]/l:yt hf]G;xlKsG; ljZjljBfno lzIf0f c:ktfndf k'¥ofPsf] xf] .
xfn /fhb"t /f0ffsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf lgoldt ?kdf ;'wf/ cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] cfufdL b'O{ ;ftfsf nflu OGkm]S;g 7Ls ug{sf nflu PlG6jfol6s cf}iflw lbO/x]sf] / ;f] cf}iflwsf] dfqf k"/f ePkl5 dfq ;DalGwt lrlsT;sx?n] cem pxfFsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g slt ;do nfU5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg;Sg] s'/f /fhb"t k'q /jLg /f0ffn] g]kfnL kf]i6;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 .

uf}tdsf] ;Ddfgdf sljtfdo ;fFem

g]kfnL kf]i6 k|ltlglw
jfl;+ª6g 8L;L, gf]e]Da/ !$, @))#

af]:6gl:yt xf8{j8{ ljZj ljBfnodf k|fWofkg ug{ yfNg'ePsf slj tyf k|fWofks 8f= lzj uf}tdsf] ;Ddfgdf ljxLaf/ ;fFem æb Ps]8dL ckm g]kfnL kf]o6;\ P08 /fO6;{Æn] Ps sljtfdo ;fFem sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
8f= uf}tdn] cfkm"n] xf8j8{df k9fpg yfn]kl5 cfkm\gf ;fyL efOx?;Fusf] b"/L a9\g] t x}g eGg] 8/ cfkm"nfO{ nflu/x]sf] atfpFb} To:tf] gxf];\ d cfkm" hxfF k'u] klg tkfO{+x?s} lzj uf}td x'F / d}n] s'g} sf/0fa;\ tkfO{+x?nfO{ b]Vbf lal;{PF eg] klg P lzj eg]/ cfkm"nfO{ af]nfpg pxfFn] cfu|x ug'{eof] .
tkfO{+x?n] h'g dfof ddtf dnfO{ lbg'eof] To;af6 cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff cem a9]sf] cg'e"lt cfkm"nfO{ ePsf] 8f= uf}tdn] atfpg'eof] .
cfkm" hxfF k'u] klg g]kfn / g]kfnL df6f]nfO{ lrgfpg] atfpFb} 8f= uf}tdn] æd hxfF hfG5' g]kfn af]s]/} hfG5', d htf lx8\5' lxdfn prfn]/} lx8\5'Æ eGg] sljtf k9]/ ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
pQm cj;/df jfl;+ª6g 8L;L d]6|f]kf]ln6g If]qdf /x]sf x]dGt >]i7, 8f= xl/ e§/fO{, 8f= bLks v8\sf, a;Gt >]i7, k|]d ;+u|f}nf, xf]d/fh cfrfo{, xf]dgfy ;'j]bL, k'? ;'j]bL, afdf 9'+ufgf, af;' >]i7, d~h' lg/f}nf, 8LaL tfdfª, w'|j zdf{ æk+u]gLÆ nufotsf sljx?n] cfkm\cfkm\gf sljtf jfrg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
uf]i7Lsf] z'?df ev{/} :juf{/f]x0f ePsf ;+uLtsf/ gfltsfhL / efifflj1 8f= aNnedl0f bfxfnsf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf nflu >4fGhnL :j?k Ps ldg]6 df}g wf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
slj x]dGt >]i7n] ;~rfng ug'{ePsf] pQm sljtfdo ;fFem sfo{qmd jfl;+ª6g 8L;L l:yt dfpG6 Pe/]i6 /]i6'/]G6df ePsf] lyof] .

dfcf]jfbLx?n] 5fgljg ug]{

Od]naf6
gf]e]Da/ !$, @))#

u}/ ;}lgs gful/sx?sf] lbgx'F eO/x]sf] xTofk|lt g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_x?sf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] s'/f kf6L{sf k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] gf]e]Da/ !$ df k|]l;t Ps lj1lKt dfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] 5 .
xfn} dfq &( jifL{o k|jfxfª s]b]dsf] rGbf k|s/0f;Fu hf]8]/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] xTof Pj+ tfKn]h'ªsf] s~rgh+3fdf s]xL ko{6sx?;Fusf] b'Jo{Joxf/ u/]sf] eGg] 36gfk|lt cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] 5fgljg ug]{ / kf6L{ jf ;dy{sx?af6 o:tf] 36gf ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf pko'Qm sf/jfxL ul/g] hfgsf/L klg jStJodf pNn]v 5 .
;fy} hgo'4nfO{ / kf6L{nfO{ abgfd u/fpg] p2]Zon] k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] k|fof]lht if8oGq jf cGo s;}4f/f x'g] ul/g] 36gfk|lt ;d]t ;a}nfO{ k"0f{ ;r]t / ;ts{ /xg ;d]t ;f]xL lj1lKtdf ckLn ul/Psf] 5 .